Kpɔmɔ Nɔ Lɛ​—Kristendom Tsɔɔmɔ Ni Elaaje

KPƆMƆ nɔ lɛ, hemɔkɛyeli akɛ Yesu gbo yɛ adesai eshafeelɔi anajiaŋ lɛ ji anɔkwa Kristojamɔ shishitoo nii. Ni kɛlɛ, Kristendom nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi ewie eshi tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ ni amɛye he fɛo yɛ be kakadaŋŋ mli.

Mɛni hewɔ eyɔɔ nakai? Ani Yesu diɛŋtsɛ ekɛɛɛ yɛ Marko 10:45 akɛ: “Gbɔmɔbi lɛ hu baaa koni asɔmɔ lɛ, shi sɔɔmɔ moŋ eba, koni eŋɔ esusuma eha yɛ mɛi pii akpɔmɔ hewɔ”?

Mɛi komɛi ewie akɛ Yesu ewieee nakai wiemɔi lɛ, shi egbele sɛɛ ni bɔfo Paulo tsɔ ŋaa ni akɛ enɛ ba. Mɛi komɛi jeɔ ŋwane akɛ “kpɔmɔ nɔ” ni awieɔ he yɛ biɛ lɛ ji okadifeemɔ mli wiemɔ, aloo akɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ba kɛjɛ Hela blemasaji loo adesai amli! No hewɔ lɛ kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ elaaje kwraa kɛjɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi amli. Shi obaanyɛ osusu bɔ ni mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ nu Yesu gbele lɛ shishi amɛha lɛ he.

Paulo kɛɔ wɔ yɛ 2 Korintobii 5:​14, 15 akɛ: “Kristo suɔmɔ lɛ nyɛɔ wɔnɔ, ni wɔkojoɔ nɛkɛ, akɛ, . . . mɔ kome egbo mɛi fɛɛ yigbele . . . koni mɛi ni hiɛ kamɔ lɛ ahiɛ akakamɔ miiha amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛhe dɔŋŋ, shi moŋ amɛhiɛ akamɔ aha mɔ ni gbo ni atee lɛ shi ekoŋŋ aha amɛ lɛ.” Kwɛ bɔ ni nɛkɛ tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ mli ka shi faŋŋ ha​—ni tsakemɔi ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ ni baaba mli yɛ sɛɛ mli yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi adɛŋ lɛ bɛ mli kwraa ha.

Ani eeenyɛ eba akɛ Paulo diɛŋtsɛ ji mɔ ni kɛ tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ ba? Dabi, ejaakɛ etsɔɔ mli yɛ 1 Korintobii 15:3 akɛ: “Klɛŋklɛŋ saji ni mikɛha nyɛ lɛ ateŋ eko ji nɔ ni mi hu akɛha mi, akɛ Kristo gbo yɛ wɔhe eshai lɛ ahewɔ, yɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ anaa.” Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ jeeŋmɔ beebe, dani Paulo aaaŋmala emajemɔ woji lɛ, no mli lɛ Kristofoi lɛ nuɔ shishi momo akɛ Yesu gbele lɛ ji afɔleshaa gbele, nyɔmɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni awo koni akɛkpɔ adesai eshafeelɔi, kpɔmɔ nɔ. Kɛfata he lɛ, taakɛ Paulo tsɔɔ lɛ, amɛnu Kristo gbele lɛ shishi akɛ ehaa “Ŋmalɛi lɛ” baa mli, ni ji akɛ, gbalɛi tamɔ Lala 22 kɛ Yesaia 53 ni yɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi, loo “Kpaŋmɔ Momo” lɛ mli lɛ.

Sanebimɔi ni Ahako Hetoo

Kɛ ohala akɛ ooopɛi anɔkwa saji lɛ amli oha ohe lɛ, obaana akɛ hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ tsɔɔmɔi bote Kristojamɔ mli yɛ be ni bɛŋkɛ bɔfoi lɛ abe lɛ he lɛ mli. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:​29, 30; 2 Timoteo 4:​3, 4) Ni kɛlɛ, hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ yɛ Kristo kpɔmɔ afɔleshaa lɛ mli tee nɔ ehi shi nakai, taakɛ mra mli Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli Tsɛmɛi lɛ aniŋmaai tsɔɔ lɛ. Shi, beni sɛɛ mli nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi komɛi bote kpɔmɔ nɔ he tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli lɛ, amɛkɛ sanebimɔi ni mli wawai ba, tamɔ akɛ, Awo kpɔmɔ nɔ nyɔmɔ lɛ aha namɔ? Ni mɛni hewɔ nɛkɛ nyɔmɔwoo nɛɛ he hiaa?

Yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli lɛ, Gregory ni jɛ Nyssa lɛ kɛ mɛi krokomɛi kɛ jwɛŋmɔ ko ba akɛ awo kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ he nyɔmɔ lɛ aha Satan Abonsam! Amɛkɛ naataomɔ ba akɛ, Satan ji mɔ ni yeɔ adesai anɔ, ni akɛ awo kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ jara lɛ aha lɛ koni eha adesai aye amɛhe. Shi mɔ ko ni hi shi yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Gregory ni jɛ Nazianzus lɛ na akɛ nɔ ko ejaaa yɛ yiŋ ni aka awieɔ nɛɛ he. No baatsɔɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ da Abonsam shi​—ni jwɛŋmɔ bɛ enɛ mli kwraa! Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, jwɛŋmɔ ni ahiɛ akɛ awo kpɔmɔ nɔ jara ko aha Abonsam lɛ tee nɔ ehi shi afii ohai komɛi.

Ani eeenyɛ aba akɛ awo kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ jara lɛ aha Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ? Gregory ni jɛ Nazianzus lɛ nu he akɛ ena naagbai yɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ hu he. Akɛni ‘wɔjeee [Nyɔŋmɔ] nyɔji lɛ,’ mɛni hewɔ ni ehe hiaa ni awo kpɔmɔ nɔ jara ko aha lɛ? Kɛfata he lɛ, ‘ani Tsɛ lɛ aaanya e-Bi lɛ gbele he,’ kɛtsɔ kpɔmɔ nɔ ni eeebi nɔ? Sanebimɔi ni tamɔ nɔ ni wa ni feɔ tamɔ ekɛ yiŋkɔshikɔshi-feemɔ miiba kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ he.

Kpɔmɔ Nɔ lɛ Gbele

Sane nɛɛ mli ni ooopɛi lɛ kɛ bo baaya afii ohai 12 lɛ shishijee mli. Anselm, Canterbury Osɔfonukpa lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ ni eha sanebimɔi nɛɛ ahetoo yɛ ewolo, Cur Deus Homo (Nɔ Hewɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ Tsɔ Gbɔmɔ) lɛ mli. Wolo lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ Kristo gbele lɛ tsu nii akɛ nɔ ni abaatsɔ nɔ aha ŋwɛi jalɛsaneyeli aba mli, shi jeee akɛ kpɔmɔ nɔ. Anselm susu akɛ, ni akɛ eshai aaake kɛtsɔ kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ nɔ ni atsuko jalɛsaneyeli he nii lɛ baatsɔɔ akɛ ashi esha ni ajajeee enɛ. Anselm kɛɛ: “Shi Nyɔŋmɔ nyɛŋ ashi nɔ ko yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ ni ejajeee enɛ yɛ E-Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli.” Belɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ Nyɔŋmɔ tsɔ ejaje saji yɛ?

Yɛ be mli ni etsɔɔ akɛ ‘esha gbeɔ Nyɔŋmɔ he guɔ’ lɛ, Anselm kɛɛ kulɛ enyɛŋ efee nɔ ni fa “kɛkɛ akɛ aaaku sɛɛ akɛ nɔ ni” Adam esha lɛ “laaje lɛ aaaba.” Akɛni Nyɔŋmɔ ji mɔ ni asopa lɛ hewɔ lɛ, kpɔmɔ nɔ​—gbɔmɔ ni yeɔ emuu ni akɛ lɛ aaasha afɔle po​—efeŋ nɔ ni fa. “Yɛ sopamɔ lɛ he susumɔ mli lɛ,” osɔfoi lɛ susu akɛ, “esa akɛ awo nyɔmɔ babaoo fe nɔ ni aŋɔ kɛtee lɛ.” (Nɔ ni atsɔmɔ lɛ ji wɔ nɔ.) Anselm kɛ naataomɔ ba akɛ enɛ biɔ mɔ ni ji “Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ gbɔmɔ fɛɛ” gbele!

Bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni onifeemɔ yɛ Anselm tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe lɛ ji lɛ, egbala mɛi ni yɔɔ ebei lɛ amli lɛ ni eyaa nɔ enaa mɛi anɔ hewalɛ lolo ŋmɛnɛ. Ejaakɛ Anselm niŋmaa kome pɛ lɛ ewaje Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ni etswa kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ shi, kɛ hoo lɛ, yɛ Kristendom! “Nɔ ni sa hiɛ” batsɔ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi asabala, ni wiemɔ “kpɔmɔ nɔ” lɛ nɔ gbɔ fiofio ni anuuu he dɔŋŋ. Yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, yiŋ ni Anselm ka ewie nɛɛ damɔ sane naatsɔɔmɔ ni yiŋkɔshikɔshifeemɔ yɔɔ he pɛ nɔ, shi jeee Biblia lɛ nɔ edamɔ. Ni beni be hoɔ lɛ, kɛkɛ ni woloŋlelɔi tamɔ Thomas Acquinas je shishi amɛkɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ sane naatsɔɔmɔ ni nilee yɔɔ mli bɔi Anselm yiŋ ni eka ewie ni ji “nɔ ni sa hiɛ” lɛ kolimɔ loo kuumɔ. Yiŋsusumɔi ni ejaaa bafa babaoo. Yiŋ ni akaa awieɔ yɛ kpɔmɔ he ku bɔ he babaoo, ni ŋwanejee lɛ tee hiɛ kɛjɛ Ŋmalɛ lɛ nɔ kɛtee adesa susumɔ, jeŋ nilee kɛ teemɔŋ saji anɔ vii.

Jamɔ Tsakemɔ lɛ kɛ Kpɔmɔ Nɔ Lɛ

Shi nyɛhaa wɔtsia wɔhe kɛbɛŋkɛɔ wɔbe nɛɛ he fioo. Beni Protestant Jamɔ Tsakemɔ he bei lɛ te shi yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ mli lɛ, kɛkɛ ni ato kuu ko ni yɔɔ keketee ni atsɛɔ amɛ Socinianbii lɛ shishi.a Amɛkpoo Yesu gbele lɛ, ni amɛkɛɛ ejeee “nɔ ni sa kɛha wɔyiwalaheremɔ” yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ, ni amɛtsɛ nɛkɛ hemɔkɛyeli nɛɛ akɛ “amale, tɔmɔ, kɛ nɔ ni yeɔ awui waa . . . nɔ ni Ŋmalɛ kɛ susumɔ kpakpa fɛɛ nyaŋeɔ.” (The Racovian Catechisme) Akɛni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛfaa yaka hewɔ lɛ, jalɛsaneyeli ni aaaha etsui anyɔ mli lɛ he ehiaaa. Amɛkɛɛ Kristo gbele lɛ kpɔ mɛi, kɛ yiŋtoo akɛ etsirɛ mɛi koni amɛkase enɔkwɛmɔ nɔ ni yeɔ emuu lɛ.

Akɛni mɛnɛɛmɛi kɛ jamɔ he musubɔɔi krokomɛi tutua amɛ hewɔ lɛ, Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ hu to najiaŋ kɛ amɛ hu amɛtutuamɔi ni amɛtsɛ Council of Trent (Trent Gwabɔɔ) lɛ (kɛjɛ 1545 kɛyashi 1563 Ŋ.B.). Shi yɛ be mli ni amɛtsɔɔ amɛshidaamɔ yɛ tsɔɔmɔi pii ahe lɛ, gwabɔɔ lɛ nyɛɛɛ atsɔɔ nɔ ko pɔtɛɛ ni ekɛ ehe wooo nɔ ko kɛɛmɔ mli yɛ kpɔmɔ lɛ he. Amɛwie ‘sa ni Yesu Kristo sa’ lɛ he, ni amɛkɛ wiemɔ “nɔ ni sa hiɛ” tsu nii, shi amɛtsiii wiemɔ “kpɔmɔ nɔ” lɛ ta kwraa. No hewɔ lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ ehe haaa Ŋmalɛ naa shidaamɔ ko ni mli ka shi faŋŋ yɛ enɛ he. Yiŋsusumɔ shinaa lɛ ka lɛkɛtɛɛ lolo.

Nɔ Hewɔ ni Jamɔ Mli Hiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ Anine Enyɛ Shi

Kɛjɛ Trent Gwabɔɔ lɛ nɔ kɛbaa nɛɛ, nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi​—Katolek kɛ Protestantbii fɛɛ​—kɛ kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ he saji babaoo ni aka yiŋ awie ni anyɛŋ akane eba. (Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 7 lɛ.) Ni kɛlɛ, gbeekpamɔ ko bako lolo yɛ nɔ ni Kristo gbele lɛ tsɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ he. Nɔ ni nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi kpaa gbee yɛ mli pɛ ji Ŋmalɛ naa wiemɔ ni ji “kpɔmɔ nɔ” lɛ ni amɛgbeɔ he guɔ, ni amɛsumɔɔ ni amɛku amɛhiɛ amɛshwie nɔ, amɛba lɛ shi, aloo amɛjie amɛnaa yɛ nakai feemɔ mli. Amɛtsɔɔ Kristo gbele lɛ shishi yɛ wiemɔi ni shishinumɔ wawai, apasa sane naatsɔɔmɔi ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ ni etsɔmɔ mli, kɛ wiemɔi wuji, tamɔ “jeŋba nɔ hewalɛnamɔ” kɛ “gbɔmɔtsoŋ najiaŋdaamɔ ni sa hiɛ.” Ni amɛaatswa hemɔkɛyeli yɛ Kristo gbele lɛ mli moŋ amɛma shi lɛ, Kristendom osɔfoi lɛ efee esɛŋmɔtso lɛ nanetɔtɔmɔ tɛ ni futuɔ mɔ yiŋ.

Mɛni ji yiŋtoo titri ni hɔ nine ni nyɛ shi kwraa nɛɛ sɛɛ? Katolek nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi, Boniface A. Willems kɛ enɛ yafɔɔ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ ‘atsɔse nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi yɛ he ko ni yɔɔ banee ni abuɔ he hu’ lɛ nɔ​—amɛkɛ nɔ ni he hiaa gbɔmɛi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ ateŋ jɛkɛ naakpa.b Ani efeee bo akɛ okɛ bɔ ni awieɔ amɛhe nɛkɛ nɛɛ aaakpa gbee? Shi Yeremia 8:9 yaa shɔŋŋ, yɛ naagba lɛ shishifa diɛŋtsɛ ni etsɔɔ lɛ mli: “Naa, Yehowa wiemɔ lɛ amɛkwa nɛɛ: ni mɛɛ nilee sɔrɔto yɔɔ amɛmli?”

Ha wɔkpɛlɛ nɔ po akɛ, kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ baanyɛ atee sanebimɔi ni mli wawai ashi. (2 Petro 3:16) Shi ni amɛaatao Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli kɛha hetooi lɛ, nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi lɛ kɛ adesa nilee kɛ sane naatsɔɔmɔ etsu nii. (1 Korintobii 1:​19, 20; 2:13) Amɛkɔ fɔ amɛnɔ akɛ amɛbaakpoo Biblia lɛ fai komɛi ni kɛ amɛsusumɔi​—loo amɛyiŋ ni amɛkaa amɛwieɔ lɛ kpaaa gbee lɛ. (2 Timoteo 3:16) Amɛfi tsɔɔmɔi ni bɛ ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ sɛɛ, tamɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɛkɛ. (Yohane 14:28) Ni he ni amɛnine enyɛ shi yɛ mli waa fe fɛɛ ji akɛ amɛha gbɔmɔ yiwalaheremɔ efee nɔ titri kɛha amɛ, ni amɛkpoo saji ni he hiaa titri ni kɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi kɛ Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ he lɛ.​—Mateo 6:​9, 10.

Kpɔmɔ Nɔ lɛ Sɛɛfilɔ

Agbɛnɛ, ofainɛ, okɛ osane mlipɛimɔ lɛ abɛŋkɛ afi 1800 naagbee mli lɛ he. Nuu ko ni sheɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyei ni atsɛɔ lɛ Charles Taze Russell tsi ehe kɛjɛ nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikasemɔ ni ale yɛ no beaŋ lɛ he ni ejɛ wolo nɛɛ, ni ji​—Buu Mɔɔ lɛ ŋmalamɔ shishi. Russell kaiɔ akɛ: “Kɛjɛ eshishijee mli tɔɔ ebatsɔ Kpɔmɔ Nɔ lɛ sɛɛfilɔ krɛdɛɛ.”

Buu-Mɔɔ lɛ yaa nɔ esɔmɔɔ yɛ nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ. Nɔ ni fe afii oha nɛ, ni ekɛ Ŋmalɛ naa yiŋtoi ahewɔ ni esa akɛ ahe kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ aye eha, ni ekɛ Ŋmalɛ naa hetooi ni shishinumɔ yɔɔ mli eha mɛi ni wieɔ shiɔ lɛ mpoatswaai lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ wɔmiifɔ bo nine ni okwɛ nɔ ni Biblia lɛ kɛɔ yɛ Yesu gbele lɛ he lɛ kɛ nɔ ni etsɔɔ lɛ mli lolo.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 7]

YIŊ NI AKA AWIE YƐ YIWALAHEREMƆ HE LƐ HE NƆKWƐMƆ NII

◻ YIŊ NI OSƆFO, LOO NƆYELI EKA EWIE: Dutch Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ, Hugo Grotius kɛ enɛ ba yɛ afii ohai 17 lɛ mli koni akɛku yiŋ ni Socrinians lɛ kaa amɛwieɔ lɛ naa. Grotius bu Kristo gbele lɛ akɛ “mla naa nitsumɔ ko, Nyɔŋmɔ batsɔɔ Osɔfo loo Nɔyelɔ lɛ, ni gbɔmɔ ji efɔŋfeelɔ lɛ.”​—Hastings’ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics.

◻ KPATAMƆ NI HE HIAA HE WIEMƆ LƐ: Prostestant nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ Clarence H. Hewitt kɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ba yɛ 1946. Ebuuu Kristo lɛ akɛ eewo mla naa toigbalamɔ ko he nyɔmɔ, shi akɛ ‘eeha wɔye wɔhe kɛjɛ esha kɛ gbele mla ni yeɔ wɔnɔ lɛ shishi ni eekanya tsuitsakemɔ kɛ awerɛho ni Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyeishemɔ yɔɔ mli, koni yɛ nakai feemɔ mli lɛ ekɛwɔ aba shihilɛ ni baaha akɛ wɔhe eshai ake wɔ mli yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ hiɛ.’

◻ YIWALAHEREMƆ KƐTSƆ KRISTOFOI ANAANYOBƆƆ NƆ: Roma Katolek nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ Boniface A. Williams (1970) kɛ “yiwalaheremɔ” toɔ “wɔ pɛ wɔhe susumɔ ni wɔɔtsi wɔhe kɛjɛ he ni wɔgbele wɔtsuiŋ fɛɛ wɔha” lɛ he. Ekɛfata he akɛ: “Kristofoi ajwɛŋmɔ ni ji mlidaamɔ ni haa apiŋɔ ahaa mɛi krokomɛi lɛ ji akɛ mɔ lɛ le akɛ efata adesa weku ni esha efee amɛ butuu lɛ he. . . . Kɛkɛ lɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ ebafee nɔ ni mɛi efee klalo akɛ amɛaahi shi yɛ sɔɔmɔ krɛdɛɛ ko mli yɛ mɛi krokomɛi ahewɔ lɛ kɛbɔɔ naanyo.”

◻ AGBALA ETOI YƐ WƆ HEWƆ (AZAZEL TOO) WIEMƆ LƐ: Katolek nyɔŋmɔ he nilelɔ Raymund Schwager kɛ ejwɛŋmɔ nɛɛ ba yɛ 1978. Ekpoo jwɛŋmɔ ni ji akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ baabi “hiŋmɛi yɛ hiŋmɛi najiaŋ” lɛ. Ebuɔ Kristo afɔleshaa lɛ akɛ hetsuumɔ ko ni ŋmɛɔ adesa weku lɛ gbɛ koni ejie nɔ ko kpo kɛjɛ emli​—no hewɔ lɛ ejie​—yiwalɛ sui komɛi ni akɛfɔ lɛ ni eka emli lɛ.

◻ KWASAFOŊ-MAŊKWRAMƆŊ YIWALAHEREMƆ: Baptist nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ, Thorwald Lorenzen ŋma yɛ 1985 akɛ: “Nyɔŋmɔ taooo jamɔ mli eshaifaa pɛ kɛkɛ kɛhaaa eshafeelɔ lɛ, shi moŋ maŋkwramɔŋ heyeli hu kɛha ohiafoi kɛ mɛi ni anyɛɔ amɛnɔ lɛ. . . . No hewɔ lɛ Yesu gbele lɛ jieɔ Nyɔŋmɔ ni susuɔ adesai ashihilɛ fɛɛ ni aaatsa lɛ he lɛ kpo.”

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 5]

Protestant kɛ Katolek nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔi kɛ yiŋ sɔrɔtoi babaoo ni akaa awieɔ yɛ yiwalaheremɔ kɛ kpɔmɔ nɔ lɛ he lɛ eba, shi mɛni Biblia Iɛ tsɔɔ?