A3
Vyongo vyaireile ira Bibilya lifiyedhele va-eni
Mwinyaa Bibilya ngunolivunela. Liye ngwairi-idhe ira madhwala talembiwe:
“Madhu a Yohova anodhowanave kalavo modhowa nodhowa.”—1 Pedru 1:25.
Vyevi pyaimbarimbari angalive ira va-eni kanina mipukutu yoroma ya Bibilya ya Malemba a Iebere, Iaramua venango a Igiriki. N’nga ninasikimizele a-vi ira vili Bibilyani pyofwanafwana na vyali mu mipukutu yovudheleliwa yawaliyo?
ALIMBO KOPIYARI MALEMBA TATOOBARELA MADHU A NLUNGU
Yongo yakami-idhe ira Malemba a Iebere tabareleye ndi yongo yawandenle Nlungu Aisraeli ira takopiyari Malemba.b Mwaifwanafwani-o, Yohova atoawandela mamwene Aisraeli ira takopiyari mabukhu iwayene a Ilamulo. (Dotornomio 17:18) Thitho Nlungu atoova-a Alevi izo yolokota nofunji-a atu Ilamulo. (Dotornomio 31:26; Neemiya 8:7) Ayuda tangatukuliwile dhowa wu dhaari wu Babulo, vatookathee-iwa gulu laatu okopiyari Malemba venango ira alembi (Soferimu). (Ezara 7:6, madhu a chindo) Vangavirile hora, alembi enela tatoolemba makopiya manjinji amabukhu 39 a Malemba a Iebere.
N’nga a-vi vya mabukhu 27 a Malemba a Igiriki? Mabukhu enala talembiwile na enango mwa arumiwi a Yesu Kristu na Makristau enango oroma. Vo-arela vyaira alembi Aiyuda, Makristau oroma tatokopiyari mabukhwala. (Akolose 4:16) Angalive ira Diocletian oi ali mwene wa Roma vambo-i naatu enango totoodhilimbi-edha ira tanonge mabukhu othene ana Makristau oroma, mipukutu vambo-i na mapedaso manjinji awale vitolokotiwa fiyedha e-ni.
Mabukhu Aikristauala atoothapuleliwa thitho mu viongelo vinango. Mabibilya oroma oi athapuleliwile mu viongelo vyawale ali a Iarmeniya, Ikoputa, Etiopiya, Ijorjiya, Ilatini na Isiriya.
SAKULA MALEMBA A IEBERE NA IGIRIKI OFWANELA THAPULELA
Atu alembile nokopiyari mipukutu yawale ya Bibilyani kata-indi-edha basa madhu ofwanafwana. N’nga ninaidhiwe a-vi madhu ali mumipukutu yoromiyo?
Vyevi ninooda vifwanafwani-edha na namafunji-a oi utowandela anamafunjedha 100 ira takopiyari kapitulu limbo-i la bukhu. Masiki kapitulu loromalo lidimele, mutu unooda idhiwa madhu ali mu kapitulu loromalo afwanafwani-edhela makopiya 100 alivoao. Angalive ira namafunjedha uliwethene adodomi-e vyongo vinango, pyo-oodeya ira anamafunjedha othene tadodomi-e vyongo vyofwanafwana. Mofwanafwana na vyevi, atu oidhiwa vyongo tafwanafwani-edhela mapedaso manjinji na makopiya awale a mabukhu a Bibilyani, anoodave zindiyela vadodomi-idhe alimbo kopiyari na madhu oroma afwanela aliwa a-indi-edha basa.
“Ninooda onga mosikimizela ira kavali bukhu n’nango lawale lelo likopiyariwile molinyali maningi ninga mipukutu ya malemba a Iebere.”
N’nga ninasikimizele a-vi ira makhundo ali mumipukutu yoroma atoothapuleliwa molinyali Bibilyani mwi-umu? Voonga vya Malemba a Iebere, mutu mwinango oidhiwa vyongo dhinalee William H. Green alembile ira: “Ninooda onga mosikimizela ira kavali bukhu n’nango lawale lelo likopiyariwile molinyali maningi ninga mipukutu ya Malemba a Iebere.” Voonga vya Malemba a Igiriki, oi anoidhiweya thitho ira Ivwelano Ipya, mutu mwinango oidhiwa vya Bibilyani dhinalee F. F. Bruce aongile ira: “Vatokala maumboni oinjiva oi mabukhu a Ivwelano Ipya atoothapuleliwa molinyali maningi kwaranya mabukhu enangwene. Mbwenye atu katinokaikela vili mumabukhu enangoao.” Liye atoodhowanave onga ira: “Aakale ira Ivwelano Ipya ndi mabukhwene viwa, atu katakaikeleve ira mabukhwee atoothapuleliwa molinyali.”
Kapitulu 40 la bukhu la Esaya khumela mu mipukutu ya wu Bara Lokwa (mipukutu ila yatoolembiwa romela muyawa ya 125 fiyedha mu 100 K.A.)
Nafwanafwani-edhela na mipukutu ya Iebere yoi yafwanyeile vangavirile vyawa 1.000, vyongo vino-iyana ndi vyoyeva, simbwasimbwa malembelo amadhu
Kapitulu 40 ya bukhu la Esaya Alepo Codex, ndi pukutu ofuneya maningi wa Iebere wa Amasorete oi walembiwile muyawa ya 930 K.A.B.
Malemba a Igiriki: Khomoni wa yawa ya 1.800, atu enango oidhiwa Bibilya oi ndi B. F. Westcott na F.J.A. Hort, tatoofwanafwani-edhela mipukutu ya Bibilya na mapedaso alivo vahora yeniyo. Aliwa tatooira vyevi vahora yalembiwa malemba a Igiriki oi taona ira mbofwanafwana maningi na malemba oroma. Vari va yawa ya 1.900, Komisau Yothapulela Bibilya ya Ilambo Ipya yatoo-indi-edha basa vyalembile atu ambili oidhiwa vyongwala vothapulela Bibilya la Ilambo Ipya. Tatoo-indi-edha thitho basa mipukutu yosakanyiwa na papiro oi tathuulela ira ndi ya vyawa vya 100 na 200 K.A.B. Khumela hora yeniyo, vakanle vafwanyeyanga mipukutu minjinji ya papiro. Wenjedhela vevo, malemba enango ninga alembiwile na Nestle na Aland thitho na United Bible Societies, anothonyi-edha vifwaidhe atu enango oidhiwa Bibilya vachineneva. Vyongo vinango vyafwaidhe aliwa vosakasaka, vito-indi-edhiwa basa Bibilyanimu.
Naona vili mumabukhu enao, pyooneelatu ira maversu enango a Malemba a Igiriki oi ali Mumabibilyani awale ninga la King James Version, atewenjedheliwa naatu enango akopiyari malemba thitho katali ikhundu ya Malemba ovudheleliwa. Voi gawa maversu ano-indi-edhiwa basa Mabibilya manjinji watooireya vyawa vya 1.500, vyevi vitoiri-a ira Mabibilya manjinji maversu enango akale o-okaana madhu. Maverswee ndi Mateu 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Marku 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; Luka 17:36; 23:17; Juwau 5:4; Mayirelo 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; na Aroma 16:24. Mu Bibilyali vamaversu oi katina madhwao nito-elavo madhu achindo.
Pyoidhiweyelatu ira maversu amadhu olapa ofwanyeya va Marku kapitulu 16 (versu 9-20), na madhu omari-a okwiva ali mu kapitulu 16 la Marku thitho madhu ali va Juwau 7:53–8:11 mipukutu yoroma kaalimo. Ee-no mu Bibilyali kani-edhimo madhu awenjedhile atwao.c
Madhu enango atochinjiwa na ifunelo yoi avwelane na vinoona atu enango oidhiwa Bibilya ira vinovwelana na vili mumipukutu yoroma. Mwaifwanafwani-o, movwelana na vinoonga mipukutu inango, lemba la Mateu 7:13 linoonga ira: “Muvolowena va lango ung’ono. Namwasa oi ndhila ilukhulu na lango ulukhulu, ngunosogolela atu dhowa manongiwa thitho atu anjinji anovolowana va lango wenuo.” Mbwenye mu Baibulo la Dziko Latsopano la wale kamwali madhu oi “lango.” Mbwenye ningasakasakile mipukutuni natoofwanya umboni oi madhu oi “lango” atookalavo mumipukutu yoroma. Ee-no madhwala atoo-eliwa Bibilyanimu. Vatokala vyongo vinjinji vyofwanafwana na vyevi vyoi vitosaka-edhiwa upya. Mbwenye vyongo vichinjilevi ndi vyongo ving’ono thitho kavinochinja milanyu yofwanyeya mu Madhu a Nlungu.
Pukutu wa papiro wa 2 Akoritiyo 4:13–5:4 oi walembiwile muyawa ya 200 K.A.B.
a Muikhundu yei ninongo aromola ira Malemba a Iebere.
b Mwasa umbo-i wairi-idhe ira takopiyari malemba wali oi mipukutu yawaliyo yasaka-edhiwile na vyongo vyoi vyangaodile nongeya.
c Ira muone mwasee unoongela i-yo ira malemba enala atewenjedheliwamo, muone madhu achindo mu Baibulo la Dziko Latsopano la Malemba Opatulika la Mareferesiya, loi lakhumile mu 1984.