PENJO MAR 2
Be Nitie Kit Ngima Moro Amora Minyalo Wach Ni Tin?
Be en adier ni cell mopogore opogore mokalo 200 manie dend dhano ne obiro abira kendgi?
Dend dhano en achiel kuom gik miwuoro ahinya e piny ngima. En gi cell matindo tindo ma dirom trilion 100, to mano oriwo cell mag choke, remo, obwongo, kod mamoko.7 Dend dhano nigi cell mopogore opogore mokalo 200.8
Kata obedo ni cell manie dend dhano opogore opogore kendo gitimo tije mopogore opogore, gitudore e yo miwuoro ahinya. Gitiyo maber ahinya, ok inyal kata pime gi intanet, kompyuta, kata weyni mitiyogo e kowo weche e yo mapiyo ahinya. Onge gimoro amora ma dhano oseloso ma inyalo pim gi cell manie dend dhano. Cell manie dend dhano nowuok kanye?
En ang’o ma josayans mang’eny wacho? Cell duto mangima opog e grube ariyo madongo—cell man gi nucleus kod ma ongego. Cell mag dhano, le, kod gik ma twi e lowo nigi nucleus. To Cell mag bakteria to onge gi nucleus. Cell ma nigi nucleus iluongo ni eukaryotic. To cell ma onge nucleus iluongo ni prokaryotic. Nikech cell mar prokaryotic ok ogajore ahinya kopim gi cell mar eukaryotic, ji mang’eny paro ni nyaka bed ni cell mag le kod mag gik ma twi e lowo nowuok kuom cell mar bakteria.
Ng’eny ji puonjo ni kuom higni mang’eny, moko kuom cell mar prokaryotic nomuonyo cell mamoko to cell ma ne omuonygo ne ok oregore. Joma nigi paro ma kamano wacho ni nitie gimoro ma ne otimore kende, “ma nokelo lokruok maduong’ ahinya e cell ma ne omuony-go kendo lokruogno nokonyogi mondo gimedre sama gin e cell ma ne omuonyogika.9a
Ang’o ma Muma wacho? Muma wacho ni nitie ng’at mariek ma noloso gik mangima manie piny. Ne ane kaka Muma lero wachno: “En adier ni ot ka ot nigi ng’at mogere, to jal ma ne ogero gik moko duto en Nyasaye.” (Jo-Hibrania 3:4) Ndiko machielo wacho kama: “A Jehova, to mano kaka gik michueyo ng’eny miwuoro! Ne ichueyogi gi rieko miwuoro. Piny opong’ gi gik michueyo. . . . Gik mangima madongo kod matindo.”—Zaburi 104:24, 25.
Be cell ne nyalo wuok kuom kemikol ma onge ngima?
Nonro mosetim osekonyo e fwenyo wach mane? Dongruok mosetim e nono gik mangima ma ok nyal ne gi wang’ osekonyo ji fwenyo kaka cell mar prokaryotic olos e yo miwuoro ahinya. Josayans ma wacho ni gik moko nosieko kendgi paroga ni cell mokwongo mangima ne chal gi cell mar prokaryotic.10
Ka po ni paro ma gin-go ni gik moko nosieko kendgi en adier, onego giler kaka cell mokwongo nochakore achaka kende. To komachielo ka ne ochue gik mangima, kata gik matindo ahinya mangima onego onyis adier mar wachno. Donge koro wanon ane kaka cell mar prokaryotic chalo? Sama watimo kamano, penjri ane ka be cell ma kamago ne nyalo chakore mana kendgi.
GIMA OUMO CELL
Mondo ing’e kaka cell mar prokaryotic rom, chuno ni ng’ato nyaka bed matin ahinya moloyo kata nyukta manie giko sentensni. Gima oumo cell-no otegno ma chalo mana gi ohinga mar matafari molworo kambi moro. Gima oumo cell-no tin ahinya kendo 10,000 kuomgi e ma romre gi chwe mar otas achiel. Kata kamano, gima oumo cell-no olos e yo makende ahinya ma ok nyal pime kata gi ohinga molos gi matafari. E yo mane?
Mana kaka ohinga molworo kambi moro, gima oumo cell-no rito gik manie iye. Kata kamano, gima oumo cell-no ok odinore chuth nikech onyalo yie mondo molecule matindo kaka oxygen odonj kendo owuog ei cell-no. Gima umo cell-no bende geng’o molecule madongo ma nyalo hinyo cell-no mondo kik gidonj ei cell-no. Bende, ogeng’o molecule ma konyo mondo kik giwuog e cell. Ere kaka gima oumo cell-no timo gigo duto?
Wadog ane kendo e ranyisi mar kambi ma ne wasewuoyecha. Kambi bedo gi jorit ma ng’iyo gik ma wuok kata ma donjo. E yo ma kamano bende, gima umo cell niga gi protin moko makende ma tiyo kaka dhoudi kata jorit.
Gima umo cell nigi gik ma chalo jorit ma yie ne gik moko makende mondo odonj kata owuog e cell
Moko kuom protin-gi (1) niga gi bur moro e diergi ma nyalo yiene molecule moko makende donjo kata wuok e cell. Nitie protin moko man ei gima umo cell ma oyawore konchiel (2) to odinore komachielo. Gin gi kama gichung’ie (3) kendo kuondego olos kaluwore gi kaka gik ma kalo kanyo chalo. Sama gimoro ochopo kanyo, protin-no yawore konchiel kae to oyiene gino kalo (4). Parie ni gigi duto timore e cell duto kata mana e cell ma tinie mogik.
GIMA TIMOREGA E CELL
Wawach ni jorit oseyieni mondo ikal gima umo cell kendo koro in ei cell. Cell mar prokaryotic opong’ gi gik ma chalo pi moting’o gik moko kaka chiemo, chumbi, kod gik mamoko. Cell tiyo gi gigo mondo olos gik modwaro. Kata kamano, otimo kamano e yo mochanore. Mana kaka kambi ma tiyo maber, cell bende chiko kaka kemikol ruwore kendo otimo kamano e yo mochanore kaluwore gi kinde moketne.
Cell tiyoga gi thuolo mang’eny e loso protin. Ere kaka otimoga kamano? Mokwongo, ibiro neno kaka cell loso amino acid mopogore opogore ma dirom 20. Amino acid molosgo iketo e ribosome (5), ma en kaka masin ma pango amino acid e yo moro makende mondo olosgo protin. Mana kaka e kambi, program moro mar kompyuta nyalo chiko kaka masinde moko tiyo, e kaka gima iluongo ni DNA bende chiko gik ma timore ei cell (6). DNA e ma kowo ote ne ribosome konyise protin monego olos kod kaka onego olose (7).
Gima timore sama iloso protin en gima iwuoro ahinya! Moro ka moro banore ma inyalo nene e yore adek mopogore opogore (8). Yo ma gibanoregono e ma biro nyiso ni gitimo tich mane.b Par ane gima timore sama iloso kuonde mopogore opogore mag injin. Moro ka moro kuomgi onego olos e yo maber eka injin oti. E yo ma kamano, ka protin ok olos e yo maber, kendo obane kaka dwarore, ok obi tiyo maber kendo onyalo kata mana ketho cell.
Gik ma timore ei cell—Kaka Iloso Protin: Mana kaka kambi, cell nigi gik moko ma chalo masinde, ma loso kendo tero gik moselos kuonde mopogore opogore
Ere kaka protin wuok kama olosee mi ochop kama idwaree? Moro ka moro kuomgi nigi alama moketne ma nyise kama onego odhiye. Kata obedo ni e dakika achiel iloso alufe mag protin, moro kamoro kuomgi chopo mana kama onego ochope.
Ang’o momiyo onego wanon wechegi? Molecule ma nitie e gik mangima ok nyal nyuolore anyuola kendgi. Ka gin oko mar cell, gipogore gipogore. To ka gin ei cell, ok ginyal nyuolore kendgi ka onge molecule mamoko. Kuom ranyisi, enzyme dwarore e loso molecule moro miluongo ni adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to teko mar ATP dwarore e loso enzyme. DNA bende dwarore e loso enzyme, to enzyme dwarore e loso DNA (kare mar 3 biro wuoyo kuom DNA). Bende, nitie protin moko ma iloso mana gi cell, to cell bende iloso gi protin.c
Radu Popa, ma en jasayans ma nono gik matindo tindo ma ngima ok oyie gi weche manie Muma ma wuoyo e wi chuech. Kata kamano, e higa mar 2004 nopenjo niya: “Ere kaka wanyalo wacho ni ngima nochakore achaka kende, to wan wasetemo tiyo gi yore mopogore opogore e lose to e ma pod otamowa loso?”13 Nowacho bende niya: “Gik ma dwarore mondo cell obed mangima ogajore ahinya ma ok dwawach ni ne gibiro abira kendgi.”14
Ka gorofa ma onge mise biro ruombore piny, donge puonj mar ni gik moko nosieko kendgi biro ruombore piny nikech ok olernwa kaka ngima nochakore?
Iparo nade? Joma oyie ni gik moko nosieko kendgi wachoga ni ngima nochakore ma onge Nyasaye. Kata kamano, kaka josayans medo timo nonro e wi ngima, gimedo fwenyo ni ok onyal chakore achaka kende. Mondo giwuog e chandruogno, josayans moyie ni gik moko nosieko kendgi dwaro pogo puonj mar ni gik moko nosieko kendgi gi kaka ngima nochakore. Be timo mano en gima owinjore adier?
Joma oyie ni gik moko nosieko kendgi wacho ni nitie gik mang’eny ma nopore apoya kendgi to ochako ngima. Giwacho bende ni nitie gik mamoko ma nomedo timore apoya mokelo gik mopogore opogore mangima. Kata kamano, ka mise mar puonjno onge, to nade paro mamoko motenore kuom puonjno? Mana kaka gorofa ma onge mise nyalo ruombore piny, e kaka paro motenore kuom puonj mar ni gik moro nosieko kendgi biro ruombore piny.
Bang’ nono kaka cell chalo kendo tiyo, diwach ni nolosore kende koso nitie ng’at mariek ma nochueye kata ma nolose? Ka pod ionge gi adiera e wi wachno, non ane gima chiko tije duto ma cell timo.
a Onge nonro moro amora mosetim ma nyiso ni gima kamano nyalo timore.
b Enzyme en achiel kuom protin ma cell loso. Moro ka moro kuom enzyme ibano e yo moro makende to mano miyo kemikol moko ruwore e yo mapiyo. Enzyme mang’eny tiyo kanyachiel mondo gichik gik ma timore e cell.