Au Atu e Mativa he Tagata Mativa
“Nakai fai fakalatahaaga kua maeke moli ke tupu mo e fiafia, ha kua lahi mahaki e puke tagata i ai kua mativa mo e nakai fiafia.”
KO E tagata ekonomiki ko Adam Smith ne talahau pihia i tuai he senetenari 18 aki. Tokologa ne talitonu ke he moli he mena ne talahau e ia kua maaliali lahi foki he vaha nei. Ko e kehekeheaga he monuina mo e mativa kua kitia mitaki. I Filipaina, taha mai he tolu e puke tagata ne momoui nakai molea e $1 (U.S.) he aho, ko e katoatoa ne fa moua he tau motu mautu lahi he tau minuti. Ne talahau he Human Development Report 2002 he Tau Motu Kaufakalataha “ko e 5% he tau tagata monuina lahi he lalolagi kua totogi ke molea e laga 114 ki a lautolu ne mativa lahi kua 5%.”
He falu ne momoui hagahaga mitaki, totou miliona ne nonofo kaiha, fakalaulau he tau kapa fale he ha matakavi kua maeke ia lautolu. Nakai monuina pihia e falu; kua nonofo a lautolu he puhala tu, mo e liga ko e kala pepa mao po ke palasitiki ne faliki e lautolu. Tokologa ia lautolu ne momoui ke he ha puhala ni kua maeke ia lautolu—he fakapukaka mai he tau toloaga veve, he toho e tau kavega mamafa, po ke oko e tau otaota uta ke tavili mai he tau tolole.
Nakai ni ko e nakai fetataiaki he vahaloto he tagata monuina mo e mativa kua moua he tau motu tutu mitaki ka e, he talahau he World Bank,”‘ko e tau matakavi mativa’ kua aga mo e mahani ke he tau motu oti.” Mai i Pagalatese ke he Tau Fahi Kaufakalataha, pete ni na monuina lahi e falu, kua ha ha i ai a lautolu hane taufetului ke lahi e mena ke kai po ke fai mena ke nonofo ai. Ne fatiaki he The New York Times e hokotaki he 2001 U.S. Census Bureau ne fakakite e veha he tau tagata monuina mo e mativa he Tau Fahi Kaufakalataha nukua matutaki ke tupu. Ne pehe: “Ko e mena ke lima aki he puke tagata monuina lahi ne moua 50 e pasene he tau totogi he tau magafaoa ka lafilafi katoa he tau kua mole . . . Ko e lima aki he tau tagata mativa lahi ne moua ko e 3.5 e pasene.” Kua tatai po ke kelea e tuaga ke he loga he falu motu. Kua fakakite he hokotaki he World Bank ko e kavi ke he 57 e pasene he puke tagata he lalolagi ne momoui i lalo hifo he $2 he aho.
Ke une ki mua e kelea, he 2002, totou miliona ne tupetupe ha ko e tau hokotaki he tau pule fakatu gahua ne mautu i lalo hifo he tau tutuaga fakatuaha. Pete ni kaeke ke nakai fai matafakatufono ne holia, tokologa ne logona ko e tau tagata gahua ofisa nei, nukua talahau he mekasini Fortune, “ne moua e monuina fakalialia lahi mahaki.” He kitia ai ke he tau mena hane tutupu he lalolagi, kua manamanatu e falu ke he tau tupe lalahi moua noa, ne fuafua ai ke he teau he tau miliona tupe ma e falu tagata takitaha, kua maeke ke fakakite he magaaho kua tokologa lahi e tau tagata ne momoui mativa.
Kua Tumau Kia ke Mativa?
Nakai pehe e mena nei kua nakai fai tagata kua lali ke taute taha mena ke lagomatai aki e tau tagata mativa. Ko e tau tagata gahua ofisa manamanatu mitaki he fakatufono mo e tau fakatokatokaaga lagomatai ne tuku moli ai falu fakatokaaga ma e hikihikiaga. Moha ia, kua tumau agaia ni e fakaloleloleaga. Ne pehe e Human Development Report 2002 ko e “loga e motu ne mativa lahi ke he 10, 20 mo e ke he falu tuaga ko e 30 e tau kua mole,” pete ni e loga he tau laliaga tokoluga ke taute e tau fakatolomakiaga.
Kua toka kia he mena nei e tau tagata mativa ke nakai fai amaamanakiaga? Kua uiina e mautolu a koe ke totou e vala tala ka mui mai ke manamanatu ke he falu pulotu aoga kua maeke ke lagomatai he magaaho nei ti pihia mo e tau tali kua liga nakai manatu a koe ki ai.