Kumaliyang’ana Dziko

AIDS ndi Mkaka wa M’maere

Chalongosoledwa kuti kachirombo ka AIDS kangayambutsidwe kwa khanda kupyolera mu mkaka wa m’maere wa amayi ake. Kudziŵa chimenechi kwadzutsa kudera nkhaŵa kwa gulu la amayi omwe alibe AIDS. Nchifukwa ninji? Chifukwa chakuti zipatala zambiri ziri ndi zigawo zosungira mkaka zomwe zimalandira kusonkha kwa mkaka wa m’maere. Mkaka umenewu kenaka umaperekedwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kutulutsa kosakwanira kwa mkaka wawo kapena omwe kaamba ka chifukwa chinachake ali osakhoza kuyamwitsa makanda awo iwo eni. Kuwonjezerapo, mkaka wosonkhedwa woterowo, umagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri m’zipatala kuyamwitsa makanda obadwa asanakwane masiku. Komabe, popeza kuti sichikuwoneka kuti kufufuza kulikonse kumachitidwa kutsimikizira kuti kaya mkaka wa m’maere wosonkhedwawo ungakhale ndi tizirombo ta AIDS, amayi mwachiwonekere angakhoze kuwunikira khanda lawo ku tizirombo ta AIDS m’chochitika chakuti mkakawo watengedwa kuchokera ku wosonkha woyambukiridwa kale.

Mkate, Vinyo, kapena . . .

Chaka chatha, anthu ena a ku East German omwe anakapezeka ku Misa (Mgonero) pa Isita anadabwitsidwa. Chotsatira ku mkate wa nthaŵi zonse ndi vinyo yemwe anaperekedwa pa chochitikachi, ena a Matchalitchi a Lutheran ndi United anagawiranso chakumwa chosinthanitsa tsopano: Madzi amphetsa. Nchifukwa ninji madziwo? “Kuti athandizire akumwa zoledzeretsa ndi ena omwe sakufuna kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa,” inachitira ndemanga tero Geneva-based Ecumenical Press Service.

Ndege Igundana Ndi Nsomba

Mwamsanga pambuyo pa kunyamuka kuchoka pa Bwalo la Ndege la ku Alaska Juneau, ndege ya Boeing 737 yokhala ndi okweramo 40 inagundana ndi nsomba mumlengalenga. Kulingana ndi oyendetsa ndege, nsombayo inkanyamulidwa m’mwambamo ndi nkhwazi. Pamene inadzidzimutsidwa ndi ndege, nkhwaziyo inagwetsa nsomba, yomwe inadzaphwanya zenera la pamwamba pa chipinda choyendetseramo ndege. Ndegeyo inachedwetsedwa kwa ora limodzi pa malo otsatira omwe inakaima kotero kuti ifufuzidwe kaamba ka kuvulazidwa. “Tagundapo nyama zazikulu (pa bwalo lonyamukira la ndege); tagundapo kasenye, ndipo tagundapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zazing’ono zosaŵerengeka,” watero Jerry Kvasnikoff, maninjala wa chigawo chogulitsira matiketi a kampani ya Ndege ya ku Alaska, “koma sitinagundepo nsomba ndi kalelonse.”

“Chakudya Chopepuka”

“Cholinga chathu chinali kupanga chakudya chodzetsa umoyo, chosavuta kunyamula, chosavuta kudya,” analengeza tero Eiji Miyazaki, katswiri wa zamaindastri wa ku Japan, pamene anayambitsa kardi lake lokhoza kudyedwa ku limene iye wapereka dzina la Chifrench. Kulingana ndi magazini ya mlungu ndi mlungu ya Chifrench LʹExpress, katswiri wa zakudya ameneyu wapambana m’kuchepetsa ku mlingo waukulu wa theka la ounce chifupifupi mlingo wa kardi yolembapo ya ngongole, unyinji wofananawo wa zodzetsa mphamvu monga mmene zimakhalira mu chakudya chathunthu. Kupeza kumeneku kuli kosangalatsa kwa anthu onga ngati okwera mapiri omwe amakhumba “kupereka unyinji wokwanira wa zodzetsa mphamvu mumlengalenga” kapena kwa oyendetsa magalimoto a akulu omwe amakhumba kusawononga nthaŵi yomwe imafunikira kusungidwa pa kudya zakudya m’mbali mwa msewu. LʹExpress sikuyembekeza ichi kukhala chokulira mu France. Chifukwa chake? Ngakhale kuti pali zokometsera 14, magazini ya Chifrench yapeza kuti izo zimakoma mopitirirapo kwambiri monga dzina la Chifrench lopatsidwa ku chopangidwacho—“Papier”!

Njala Pakati pa Mwana Alilenji

Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa zopangapanga ndi sayansi mu zamalimidwe, zakudya zambiri tsopano ziri kwenikweni kututidwa kuposa ndi zimene dziko limafuna. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha anthu anjala m’dziko chinawonjezeka kufika ku 512 miliyoni mu 1985. “Chiwonjezeko mu njala chikubwera panthaŵi imene dziko liri lodzala ndi zakudya zotsalira zosagulidwa pa mtengo waukulu,” inachitira ripoti tero The New York Times.

Ana ndiwo amene amavutika kwambiri. Kulingana ndi United Nations World Food Council, kuyerekeza kwa ana 40,000 amafa tsiku lirilonse kaamba ka zochititsidwa ndi njala. Aŵiri mwa atatu a aja omwe samapatsidwa zakudya zokwanira amapezedwa m’maiko a ku Asia, ena omwe tsopano amatumiza zakudya zomwe ziŵerengero zowonjezereka za anthu awo sizingakhoze kugula. “Lerolino njala siiri yochititsidwa ndi kusoweka kotheratu kwa zakudya koma mikhalidwe ya ndale zadziko ndi zigamulo za malamulo,” yatero Times.

Mantha a Kuwulika kwa Nkhondo mwa Ngozi

Asayansi a ku Soviet ndi United States achenjeza posachedwapa kuti kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwanthaŵi zonse kwa zopangapanga zowopsya m’dongosolo la magwero a nyukiliya mwachiwonekere kumapititsa patsogolo m’malo mwa kuchepetsa mlingo wa nkhondo ya mwangozi ya nyukiliya. Kulingana ndi Sunday Times ya ku London, asayansi anafika kumapeto pa msonkhano wogwirizana mu California “kuti panali kuthekera kwapadera kuti nkhondo ya nyukiliya ikakhoza kuyamba mwangozi kusiyapo kokha ngati panali kusintha mu zopangapanga zomwe zinalamulira dongosololo.” Pakali pano, zophophonya zonse zomwe zikanapangitsa kuponya ziŵiya zadziko za zida za manyukiliya 50,000 zapezedwa. Koma, atero asayansi kuti, ichi sichidzakhala tero nthaŵi zonse. “Ngati tipitirizabe pamlingo wa makonowu, tidzazithetsa tokha,” waneneratu tero Dr. Martin Hellman wa ku Stanford Yuniversite.

Phindu Lowonjezereka

Tsopano ofufuza awonjezerako chinachake chatsopano ku ndandanda ya zopindulitsa za kuyamwitsa—mano owongoka. Kulingana ndi phunziro la pa Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, mkhalidwe wa kukula kwa mkamwa wochititsidwa ndi kuyamwitsa mkaka wa m’maere umasiyana ndi wochititsidwa ndi kumwetsa mkaka wa m’mabotolo. Ichi chiri chifukwa chakuti makanda afunikira kugwiritsira ntchito lilime lawo ndi kamwa mosiyana. M’kumwetsa mkaka wa m’botolo, lilime limasendezedwa kutsogolo kuti liletse kugwa kwa mkaka kuchokera pakamwa pa botolo pa kumeza. M’kuyamwitsa mkaka wa m’maere, kusendera kwa kutsogolo kumeneko sikuli kofunika, ndipo makanda afunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo za mkamwa mobwerezabwereza. Ana oyamwitsidwa mkaka wa m’maere koposa chaka chimodzi anali ndi mavuto ochepa ndi kakulidwe ka mano.

Chochititsa China cha Chisudzulo

“Zikwati zolephera siziri nthaŵi zonse chotulukapo cha kusamvana kapena mavuto odzipangira okha,” yatero The German Tribune. “Kusweka kungachititsidwe ndi munthu mmodzi wa mu ukwati yemwe samaika mpata kuchoka kwa makolo ake.” Nkhaniyo, yozikidwa pa zopeza za zaka zinayi za kufufuza ndi Yuniversite ya Göttingen, zasonyeza kuti mavutowo amachititsidwa chifukwa cha kusakhazikika komwe kumadza “pamene mmodzi wa mu ukwati amakonda kwambiri kukhala ndi makolo kuposa kukhala mkazi kapena mwamuna.” Ali malingaliro odalira pa makolo, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri amazikidwa ndipo popanda kuzindikira kutengedwa, omwe amasonkhezera chisudzulo. Anthu amene “amakhala ndi makolo kwambiri atakwatirana kuposa ndi mmene amachitira ndi mnzawo wa mu ukwati” kaŵirikaŵiri adzalandira kusuliza kwa makolo kwa mnzawo wa mu ukwati.

Chisungiko Mwa Kugwiritsira Ntchito Maso

Mizere ya maso yatenga malo a mizere ya zala kukhala monga njira ya umboni wotsimikizirika wa chisungiko. “Mizere ya zala ingajambulidwenso ndi winawake mwa kugwiritsira ntchito zovala kumanja za pulasitiki zopangidwa mwapadera,” watero Chuck Fargo, woimira kampani yomwe ikupanga dongosolo latsopanolo. Monga momwe zinachitidwira ripoti mu The Times ya ku London, chizindikiritso chimapangidwa ndi chiŵiya chokulitsa zinthu zazing’ono chomwe chimawunikira kapangidwe ka mitsempha ya mwazi m’maso ndi kuilinganiza iyo ndi kapangidwe komwe kamakhala mu faelo yosungidwa. Monga mmene ziriri ndi mizere ya zala, kapangidwe ka maso a munthu aliyense kanenedwa kukhala kapadera. Kupambana kwa mizere ya maso kuli kwakuti sikunganenedweretu, sikungajambulidwenso, kapena kusinthidwa.

Kupitikitsa Mbalame pa Bwalo la Ndege

Apaulendo otsikira pa Bwalo la Ndege la Kennedy ku New York samadziŵa nthaŵi zambiri za chiwopsyezo cha ngozi zokulira: mbalame. Zogundidwa ndi ndege kapena kukokedwa mu injini, mbalame zimapangitsa kuwononga kuchoka pa R50 miliyoni kufika ku R80 miliyoni ku ndege za malonda chaka chirichonse. Chifukwa cha kukhala kwake pafupi ndi Jamaican Bay Wildlife Refuge ndi malo otairako zinyalala a ku Edgemere—ziŵiri zonsezo zomwe zimakoka unyinji wa mbalame—Bwalo la Ndege la Kennedy liri ndi mavuto a mbalame kuposa ndi amene mabwalo ena a ndege ali nawo. Nkhungubwi ziri vuto lokulira pa Kennedy, popeza zimafika ku chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha 90 peresenti cha mbalame zonse zogundidwa. Opitikitsa mbalame asanu ndi atatu ali ndi ntchito ya kuwopsyeza mbalame kuti zichoke m’misewu ya ndege, akumagwiritsira ntchito ziŵiri zomwe zimaphulika ndi matepu ojambulidwa ndi mawu owopsyeza nkhungubwi. Mbalame zimaphedwa ndi opitikitsawo kokha kukhala yankho lotsirizira.