Achichepere Akufunsa Kuti . . .

Nchiyani Chimene Chiri Chowopsya Motero Ponena Za Makanema Owopsya?

OLETSEDWA ndi osuliza, odedwa ndi makolo, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri okanidwa ndi nduna zopanga maprogamu a pa TV, makanema owopsya akali kulimbikabe. Ngati chifuno cha kupanga ndalama chiri cholinga, makanema owopsya ali opambana mokulira, ena akumasonyeza ngakhale kupambana pa ofesi yogulitsa matikiti. Makampani opanga mafilimu, ofunitsitsa kupeza mapindu ochulukira, amathamangira kupanga zowonjezereka. Akumakhumba mapindu amenewo, opanga akanema ena amathamangira mofulumira kuwatsatira.

Ndipo kodi ndani yemwe ali m’nkhole wopenyerera kaamba ka makanema odzetsa manthawa? Anthu achichepere. Sichiri chachilendo kuwona a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 akumalimbanirana pa mizere yaitali ndi nyengo yoipa kukafika pa kutsegulidwa kwatsopano kwa kutsitsimula kowopsya. Nchiyani, ngakhale ndi tero, chimene chiri msampha wa makanemawa? Kodi pali chifukwa chirichonse kaamba ka achichepere cha kudera nkhaŵa kaamba ka iwo?

Mafilimu Atsopano Owopsya

Mafilimu amene anawopsya openyerera zaka makumi oŵerengeka zapitazo apezanso malo mu mtundu watsopano. Mafilimu owopsya amakono samafikira kutengeka ndi kusangalatsa kwawo kupyolera m’kusimba nkhani kwabwino, chinyengo chosakhalitsa, kapena kugalamutsa malingaliro a openyerera koma amadalira mokulira pa tsatanetsatane wa chiwawa wodzetsa mantha kuti apeze ziyambukiro zimenezi. Monga mmene inasimbira New York Post, “Zowopsya za mwambo zalowedwa m’malo ndi anthu osalamulirika okhala ndi chilakolako cha mwazi.”

Mwachitsanzo, wopenyereranso wa filimu yachinayi ya “Friday the 13th” analongosola kuti: “Filimu ya mphindi 91 iri ndi zochepera kuposa pa kudetsedwa ndi mwazi ndi kusalongosoka kwa a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 . . . kuphatikizapo kuwonetsera kwachidule kwa kudula mitu ya anthu ndi kunyonga.” Munthu wowonetsedwa ali “wakupha wopenga wotchedwa Jason, wovala chisoti cha uchifwamba, akumaduladula ndi kuwopsyeza gulu la anyamata ndi atsikana a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19.”

Madontho ochulukira a mwazi ndi mwazi wowundana ali chotero magwero a makanema owopsya. Nchosadabwitsa, kenaka, kuti iwo apatsidwa dzina lopeka lakuti “mpeni wakupha,” “osakaza,” ndi mafilimu a “mwazi woundana.”

Kunyengerera kwa Mafilimu Owopsya

Mozizwitsa, ngakhale kuli tero, kuli kusakaza kumeneku ndi “kudetsedwa ndi mwazi” kumene kumatumiza achichepere ochulukira kukalimbanirana ku ofesi yogulitsira matikiti. Atafunsidwa chifukwa chimene iye anapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri ku makanema owopsya, Melissa wa zaka zakubadwa 16 anavomereza modzimva kwenikweni kuti: “Ndimakonda, ndimakondadi, zodzetsa zideruderu. Sindimakonda kupita ku kanema yomwe iri ngati Goldilocks [yodzala ndi zachikale]. Ndimakonda kupita ku kanema yomwe iri ngati Nightmare on Elm Street.” Iye wawonjezera kuti, “ndimakonda kuwona anthu akukhadzulidwa pakati.”

Ndithudi, kwa achichepere ambiri, magwero kaamba ka kuŵeruzira filimu ali mmene kupha anthu kukusonyezeredwa kukhala zinthu “zenizeni.” Wa zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 mmodzi analemba kuti: “Ndamva kwenikweni openyerera akuomba m’manja ndi kuliza likhweru pa kupha koipitsitsa.” Sandy wa zaka zakubadwa 17 akuwonjezera: “Ngati zochitikazo zinandiwopysa ine kwenikweni, iyo inali kanema yabwino. Ngati sizinandiwopsye—kokha kupha kwa nthaŵi zonse—iyo inali yabwino pang’ono.”

Chifukwa Chimene Ena Amawonera Iwo

Movomereza, si owonerera a makanema owopsya onse omwe amakokedwa ndi chikhoterero kaamba ka chiwawa kapena chikhumbo cha kusakaza. Kwa achichepere a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 ena, mafilimu owopsya ali kokha chochititsa cha kuthaŵa, mpumulo kuchoka ku moyo wodzazidwa ndi zodetsa nkhaŵa. Anawona tero katswiri wa malingaliro Joyce Brothers: “Pamene moyo wanu ukhala wocholowana kwenikweni ndi wodzetsa mantha . . . , chiri chopepuka kuthaŵa kupita m’nkhani yodzetsa mantha.”

Achichepere ena amakokedwa ndi chiyembekezo cha mpumulo wa pa kanthaŵi ndi chisangalalo. Analongosola tero Bobby wa zaka zakubadwa 14: “Mpumulo wa pa kanthaŵi umakuthandizani kuchita nazo. Inu muli pa ulendo wa kusintha kwa mwadzidzidzi kwa kutengeka ndi kusangalatsa kokhala ndi zigwa zoŵerengeka kapena zokhumudwitsa pakati pake.”

Anyamata ena a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 amadzimva kuti umuna wawo umatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu za kuwonerera zochitika zodzetsa imfa ndi zithunzi zosonyeza kukha kwa mwazi popanda mantha. Reggie, wopezeka kaŵirikaŵiri ku akanema owopsya, wanena kuti: “Ngati inu mungakhoze kuchita ndi mwazi ndi zideruderu, inu muli mwamuna. Ngati simungathe, inu mudzalingaliridwa kukhala mkazi ndi mabwenzi anu.”

Achichepere ambiri, ngakhale ndi tero, amapezeka ku mafilimu owopsya kaamba ka kuthekera kwa “maseŵera” komwe amapereka kwa opita nawo kocheza. Quintella wa zaka zakubadwa makumi aŵiri akukumbukira kuti: “Pamene ndinapita ku makanema owopsya ndipo pamene chochitika chinaipitsitsa, ndinagwira m’nyamata wopita naye kocheza wanga.” Iye akuwonjezera, “ndiganiza kuti iye anayembekezera ndi kufuna chiyambukiro chimenechi.” Atsikana a zaka za pakati pa 13 ndi 19 akhoza ngakhale kudziŵika kukhala akuchita kachitidwe konyenga ndi cholinga chofuna kudzutsa opita nawo kocheza awo. Mabwenzi awo achimuna, akumayembekezera chiyambukiro chimenechi, amavomereza mofunitsitsa ndi kukumbata kochinjiriza.a

Kutengeka, ndi kusangalatsa, kuthaŵa, kuseŵera—achichepere ambiri amadzimva kuti popeza kuti makanema owopsya amapereka zowoneka kukhala mapindu zonsezi, sipangakhale kuvulaza kokulira mu izo. Koma kodi chimenecho chiridi tero?

Mafilimu Owopsya—Chimene Amaphunzitsa

Zowona, akatswiri ena a za malingaliro amadzimva kuti makanema owopsya ali osavulaza, samapangitsa chirichonse choipitsitsa kuposa kokha nyengo ya usiku wosowa tulo. Ngakhale kuli tero, chiŵerengero ndithu cha maulamuliro olemekezeka amasungilira kuti pali ngozi.

Dr. Leonard Berkowitz, profesa wa maphunziro a za malingaliro pa Yuniversite ya Wisconsin, wagamula kuti chiwawa cha makanema owopsya chiri ndi kuyambukira kowirikiza katatu pa openyerera. “Choyamba,” iye walongosola kuti, “chimapangitsa openyerera mwachisawawa kukhala opanda mantha, ndi osawona kusiyana ku, chiwawa. Chachiŵiri, openyerera angatenge phunziro lakuti chiwawa chiri kakhalidwe kovomerezeka. Chachitatu,” iye akupitiriza kuti, “ena angadzutsidwe ndi icho.”

Ndithudi, kodi mphamvu ya kuchitira chifundo ndi kugawana ndi zovutika za ena zimasiyanitsa anthu ku zirombo za kuthengo? Chiwawa chosakaza cha makanema owopsya, ngakhale ndi tero, chingachotse kokha kumvera chifundo koteroko. Tikukumbutsidwa za mmene mtumwi Paulo anatsutsira awo omwe “chifukwa cha kusazindikira [m’chenicheni, “umbuli”] kwa mitima yawo” anadzakhala “okhumba zonyansa.” Ngakhale kuli tero, iye akulimbikitsa Akristu, “kukhalirana okoma wina ndi m’nzake, a mtima wachifundo.” (Aefeso 4:18, 19, 32, Kingdom Interlinear) Kodi kuwunikiridwa ku zopanda nzeru zokulira za kukhetsa mwazi kungathandize wina kulimilira mikhalidwe imeneyi?

Kawonedwe ka Mulungu ka Chiwawa

Ngati ukulu wa ziyambukiro za kusazindikira za mafilimu amenewa zinali ngozi yokha, chimenecho chokha chikakhala chifukwa kaamba ka kudera nkhaŵa kokulira. Kwa Akristu, ngakhale ndi tero, kudera nkhaŵa kokulira kuli kusungilira unansi ndi Mulungu. Ichi chimaphatikizapo kulandira kawonedwe kake ka chiwawa, komwe kanawonetsedwa bwino lomwe pamene anawononga dziko lakalelo la tsiku la Nowa. Baibulo limalongosola kuti: “Chiwawa chinafalikira kulikonse. Mulungu anayang’ana dziko ndipo anawona kuti linaipa, pakuti anthu onse anaipitsa njira yawo ya moyo. Mulungu anati kwa Nowa, ‘ndalingalira za kubweretsa chimaliziro cha anthu onse. Ndidzawawononga iwo kotheratu, pakuti dziko lapansi ladzala ndi zochita zawo za chiwawa.’”—Genesis 6:11-13, Today’s English Version.

Chotero wamasalmo ananena kwa Yehova: “Moyo wake umuda woipa ndi iye wakukonda chiwawa.” (Masalmo 11:5) Ndipo chotero, Akristu oyambirira anakana kutengamo mbali m’maseŵera ofala olimbana ndi zinyama, omwe anaika munthu molimbana ndi munthu kapena munthu molimbana ndi nyama m’kumenyana kufika ku imfa. Zowona, uwu unali mkhalidwe wolandirika wa zosangalatsa pa nthaŵi imeneyo. Koma wolemba Wachikristu wa m’zana lachiŵiri wotchedwa Athenagoras ananena kuti: “Ife, omwe tikugamula kuti kuwona munthu akufa kuli kofanana ndi kumupha iye, takana [kutsutsa mwamwambo] kuwonerera koteroko.”

Chosafunika kunyalanyazidwa chiri chikhoterero cha kukhulupirira mizimu ndi uchiwanda za mafilimu owopsya ambiri. Kodi wachichepere Wachikristu angakhoze ‘kuimirira nji molimbana ndi machenjera a Mdyerekezi’ ngati anadzidyetsa iyemwini pa chakudya cha mafilimu omwe anawonetsa kukhulupirira mizimu?—Aefeso 6:11; Chivumbulutso 21:8.

Chifukwa cha chikhumbo chawo cha kusungilira ubwenzi ndi Mulungu, ena a achichepere omwe atchulidwa poyambirirapo—Reggie, Quintella, Sandy, ndi Bobby—aleka kuwonerera mafilimu owopsya. Ayi, iwo sanakhale achikale, kudzimana iwo eni mkhalidwe uliwonse wosangalatsa. Koma kupyolera m’phunziro la Baibulo, iwo ayamikira chifuno cha kupewa zosangalatsa zogwetsa makhalidwe abwino. Akumazindikira kufunika kwa makhalidwe abwino pakati pa anthu osiyana ziwalo, iwo samagwiritsira ntchito mafilimu oterowo monga chodzikhululukira kaamba ka kusonyeza kosalongosoka kwa chikondi. (1 Atesalonika 4:3, 4) Pokhala sakulandiranso zosangalatsa za chiwawa, iwo amakalamira kukhala osankha zimene akuwonerera.

Iwo akhala akudzimva kuti makanema owopsya akhala kokha chimene dzinalo limatanthauza—owopsya.

[Mawu a M’munsi]