Tchalitchi cha Chikatolika mu Spanya—Ulamuliro ndi Mwaŵi

“Ambuye anasiyira Petro ulamuliro osati wa Tchalitchi chabe komanso wadziko lonse.’—Pope Innocent III.

PAMENE Innocent III analemba mawu amenewo kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 13, nyengo yapakati ya Tchalitchi cha Katolika inali itafikira pachimake pa ulamuliro wake. Koma njira yopezera ulamuliro wakanthaŵi inali italambulidwa ndi migwirizano ya ndale zadziko mmalo mwa yauzimu. Kulibe kwina kulikonse kumene izi zidali choncho kuposa mu Spanya.

Tchalitchi cha Spanya chinafunkha ulamuliro ndi mwaŵi mwa kugwirizana thithithi ndi Boma.

Chigwirizano cha Chipembedzo Chipangizo cha Ndale Zadziko

Mu 1479, pambuyo pa zaka mazana ambiri a kulamulira kochitidwa ndi maufumu ogaŵanika ndi aang’onoang’ono, pafupifupi Spanya yense anakhala wogwirizanitsidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ferdinand ndi Isabella. Koma kodi ndimotani mmene dziko lopangidwa chatsopanolo likadagwirizanirana m’cholinga ndi chifuno? Ferdinand anagwiritsira ntchito chithandizo cha tchalitchi. Mu 1478 Zilango Zankhanza zinayambitsidwa mochilikizidwa ndi papa. Tsopano, pokhala cholamulidwa ndi mfumu ndi kuchirikizidwa ndi tchalitchi, chinatsimikizira kukhala chimodzi cha zida zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zonse zodziŵika zoponderezera kusagwirizana kwa chipembedzo ndi kwa ndale zadziko. Popeza chigonjero chofulumira cha Akatolika onse obatizika Achispanya ku lamulo lake, chopinga chokha ku kugwirizanako chimene chinalipobe chinali anthu mamiliyoni angapo osabatizidwa—Ayuda ndi Amuri.

Mu 1492, motsenderezedwa ndi Wamkulu wa Zilango Zankhanza Torquemada, Ferdinand ndi Isabella analamulira kuchotsedwa kwa Ayuda onse osabatizidwa mu Spanya. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, Amuri onse amene anakana kukhala Akatolika nawonso anachotsedwa. Friar Bleda anafotokoza kuchoka kokakamizidwa kwa Asilamu kukhala “chochitika chaulemerero kwambiri mu Spanya chiyambire nthaŵi ya Atumwi.” Iye anawonjezera kuti: “Tsopano chigwirizano cha chipembedzo chakhaladi chosungika, ndipo nyengo ya kulemerera motsimikizirika iri pafupi kubwera.” La España Católica (Spanya, Chikatolika) idakwaniritsidwa, ndipo povomereza mfundoyi Isabella ndi Ferdinand anatchedwa “Olamulira Achikatolika” ndi Papa Alexander VI.

Popeza chigwirizano chachipembedzo chinafikiridwa m’dzikolo, tchalitchi cha Chispanya chinakulitsa magawo ake. Pansi pa kuchirikizidwa ndi mfumu Yachispanya, Columbus anali atangotumba kumene maiko atsopano ndi anthu mu ma Aamerika. Motsagana ndi ogonjetsa, abambo atchalitchi a ku Dominican ndi Franciscan anayenda ulendo wapamadzi kupita ku Dziko Latsopanolo, ali olakalaka kulowetsa achikunja mu tchalitchi.

Cortés, wogonjetsa Mexico, anawuzidwa kuti chonulirapo choyambirira cha ulendo wake chinali kutumikira Mulungu ndi kuwanditsa chikhulupiriro Chachikritsu. Mosasamala kanthu za chimenecho, iye anavomereza mwachigogogo kuti: “Ine ndinadzera golidi.” Mwinamwake ochuluka a ogonjetsawo anali ndi zolinga zosanganikirana, zofanana zolongosoledwa ndi mmodzi wa iwo yemwe anati: “Tinadza kuno kudzatumikira Mulungu ndiponso kudzalemera.”

Asanayambe kugonjetsa chigawo china, ogonjetsawo anaŵerenga mofuula chikalata chotchedwa Los requisitos—momvedwa kapena mosamvedwa ndi nzikazo—mmene mbadwazo zinafunikira kuvomereza kuti tchalitchi chinalamulira dziko ndikuti mfumu ya Spanya inali woimira wake. Kukana kuvomereza zimenezo kunali kokwanira kulingalira kuyambitsa utsamunda mwa magulu ankhondo kukhala “nkhondo yolungamitsidwa.”

Mamiliyoni ambiri a mbadwazo anabatizidwa, ambiri anatero mofulumira pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwawo. Pambuyo pake, ansembe ndi abambo anagwirizana ndi mafumu Achispanya m’kulamulira olamulidwawo. Monga mmene katswiri wolemba mbiri ya tchalitchi Paul Johnson ananenera: “Tchalitchi cha Katolika chinali dipatimenti ya boma la Spanya, ndipo zimenezo zinali choncho makamaka m’maiko a Aamereka. . . . Monga malipiro, Tchalitchicho chinafunafuna chitetezero, mwaŵi, ndi kudzipereka kwaboma kosagwedezeka ku chipembedzo chokhazikitsidwacho.”

Chotero, podzafika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, tchalitchi mu Spanya chinali chitakhala tchalitchi cha boma champhamvu koposa mu Chikristu Chadziko. Chinali ndi ulamuliro wotheratu wa chipembedzo mu Spanya yonse ndi m’mbali yokulira ya Dziko Latsopanolo. Koma mphamvu yokha ndi mwaŵi zimene chinali nazo mosakaikira zinatsogolera kukuzigwiritsira ntchito molakwa kowonekera kwambiri kuposa m’maiko ena.

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 5]

“Tinadza kuno kudzatumikira Mulungu ndiponso kudzalemera”