Mfuti—Njira ya Moyo

MZERA wautali wa nyumba zofiira zodekha zokhala ndi anthu wakhalanso wabata. Kulira kosakaikirika kwa mfuti zotulutsa zokha zipolopolo ndi mfuti zokhwetchemula wekha kwaleka kumveka. Malaŵi amoto akuphulika kulikonse kwa zidazo sakuwonetsanso kung’anima kowopsya usiku, sakuwunikiranso makwalala amdima. M’zipupa zanjerwa zanyumba zakale munatsala zibowo mmene zipolopolo zinakapyoza mkatikati m’nthaŵi ya nkhondo zamfuti zakale ndi zatsopano.

Ofufuza apolisi ndi a zamankhwala akudziŵa bwino lomwe makwalalawo. Nkhokwe ya zida yokhala ndi mfuti zamphamvu zokwanira kutetezera gulu laling’ono la apolisi yalandidwa—zotulukapo za kupha, kudzipha, kuwombera mfuti kwamwangozi, ndi kuba. Amuna onyamula mtokoma ndi otola zinyalala amakana kutumikira zitaganya kuwopera kuponda zipolopolo zotayidwa mwangozi. Ana amatsekeredwa mkati mwa nyumba zawo, koma ena adakalasidwabe pamene zipolopolo zolasidwa dala kapena mfuti zolozedwa molakwa zibowola pamazenera ndi zipupa ndi kuloŵa m’zipinda.

Ngati mumakhala mumzinda waukulu, nkwachiwonekere kuti ndinu wozoloŵerana ndi chochitika cholongosoledwa panochi, ngati sindinu mboni yowona ndi maso, ndiko kuti mumazipenyerera pa nkhani zowulutsidwa madzulo pa TV. M’mizinda yambiri kuwombera mfuti nkofala kwambiri kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri sikumasimbidwa m’nyuzi zakumaloko. Mobwerezabwereza, iko kumanyalanyazidwa kukhala kwakung’ono chifukwa cha kusakaza kochuluka kowonedwa m’nyuzi za tsiku ndi tsiku m’mizinda ina kapena mbali zina za dziko.

Mwachitsanzo, chochitika chosakaza cha ku California, chinasimbidwa mofala m’mbali zambiri zadziko lapansi pamene mwamuna wamfuti anamwaza zipolopolo zana limodzi panthaŵi imodzi ndi mfuti yamphamvu kwambiri ku gulu la ana a sukulu yoyambirira, akumapha ophunzira 5 ndikuvulaza ena 29 asanadziphe yekha ndi mfuti yakumanja. Ku Ulaya ndi United States nakonso anaŵerenga nyuzi yowopsya ya mwamuna wopenga amene anapha anthu 16 mu Mangalande ndi mfuti yamphamvu ya AK-47. Mu Canada mwamuna wina amene anada akazi anapita ku Montreal University nawomba mfuti ndikupha akazi 14. Komabe, pokhapo ngati imfa zakwera kwambiri, kupha kochuluka kwamfuti, kukhale kwangozi kapena kwadala kochitidwa kunja kwa mzinda, sikumachitiridwa lipoti kaŵirikaŵiri.

Chikoka cha Mfuti

Ochilikiza lamulo akumaloko, aboma, amtundu, ndi amitundu yonse ndi atsogoleri ngozizwitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa imfa zogwirizanitsidwa ndi mfuti zakumanja ndi zida zazikulu zotulutsa zokha zipolopolo ndi zokhwetchemula wekha zokhala kale m’manja mwa apandu ndi anthu openga. International Association of Chiefs of Police ikuyerekeza kuti kuyambira pa 650,000 kufika ku 2,000,000 ya zida zokhwetchemula wekha ndi zotulutsa zokha zipolopolo “zingakhale ziri m’manja mwa apandu m’dziko lonselo [la U.S.A.]—gulu la zigawenga zimene nthaŵi zonse kwawo nkuwombera ena,” inasimba tero U.S.News & World Report.

Kwayerekezedwa kuti mu United States mokha, pafupifupi mwininyumba aliyense ali ndi mfuti. Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero chenicheni cha mfuti zokhala ndi anthu a ku Amereka sichingatsimikiziridwe, kuyerekeza kwaposachedwapa kukusonyeza kuti anthu a ku Amereka okwanira 70 miliyoni ali ndi pafupifupi mfuti 140 miliyoni ndi mfuti zakumanja zokwanira 60 miliyoni. “Nkhokwe ya zida yamseri ya dzikolo njaikulu mokhoza kugaŵira mfuti imodzi kwa pafupifupi mwamuna, mkazi ndi mwana aliyense m’dzikolo,” zinalembedwa tero mu U.S.News & World Report. Kodi zimenezi zikukudabwitsani?

Ku Ulaya nakonso unzika wakhala ngati msasa wokonzekeretsedwa ndi zida. Ingalande ikuyesera kulimbana ndi vuto lake la zida pamene apandu ambiri akudzikonzekeretsa kotheratu ndi zida. Kumadzulo kwa Jeremani unyinji wa mfuti zokundikidwa popanda lamulo ukuyerekezedwa kukhala woposa 80 peresenti ya zida zonse za dzikolo. Zina za izi, mogwirizana ndi malipoti, zabedwa ku “nyumba zosungira zida za apolisi a Jeremani, apolisi akumalire, gulu lankhondo Lachijeremani ndi mosungira zida mwa NATO.” Switzerland yasimbidwa kukhala ndi mlingo waukulu koposa wa mfuti zokhala ndi anthu padziko lonse. “Munthu wa ku Switzerland aliyense wotsatira lamulo angakhale ndi mfuti, ndipo mwamuna aliyense wamsinkhu wonka kunkhondo ayenera kusunga mfuti yamphamvu kunyumba yamphamvu koposa ija yogwiritsiridwa ntchito m’kusakaza kwa ku Stockton [California],” inasimba tero The New York Times ya pa February 4, 1989.

Masiku ochepa kuchiyambiyambi, The New York Times inachitira lipoti kuti m’San Salvador, “mfuti nzofala pamalamba a amuna mofanana ndi zola zandalama. M’masupamaketi, mmene alonda amayendayenda ndi masabuleta, amafuna ogula kusiya zida zawo mosungira zinthu pakhomo lakutsogolo.” Mogwirizana ndi magazine a Asiaweek a m’February 1989, boma la Philippines “latsimikizira kuti dzikolo ladzazidwa ndi mfuti zopanda msonkho pafupifupi 189,000. Izi, kuwonjezapo 439,000 zamsonkho, zimatanthauza kuti zida zokhala m’manja mwa anthu nzochuluka kwambiri kuposa zokhala ndi magulu ankhondo, amene ali ndi asilikali 165,000. Ndipo mfuti zopanda lamulo zotumizidwa kunja kwa dzikolo zimalandidwa mlungu ndi mlungu pabwalo la ndege lamitundu yonse ndi padoko la Manila.”

Canada wamtendere, kumene Lamulo Lazaupandu limaletsa kotheratu kusunga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mfuti, akuwona kukwera kokhazikika kwa milandu yogwirizanitsidwa ndi mfuti. Kumapeto kwa 1986, panali mfuti zolembetsedwa pafupifupi 860,000 mu Canada. Zimenezo sizinaphatikizepo zida zotulutsa zokha zipolopolo zopezedwa ndi anthu 1978 isanafike. Yemwe kale anali ofisala wamkulu wa polisi ya Canada anati: “Chomwe ndifuna kudziŵa ndi chifukwa chimene anthu a Canada amakhalira ndi chifuno chokhala ndi mfuti yakumanja, mfuti kapena sabuleta.”

Pamene boma la U.S. posachedwapa linaika chiletso chapakanthaŵi kochepa pa kuitanitsa zida zokhwetchemula wekha kunja kwa dziko, zotulukapo zinali zosayembekezeredwa. Olakalaka kugula anadikirira kwa maola ambiri m’mizera kuti agule zomwe zidali kale m’mashopu a mfuti m’dzikolo. “Ziri ngati kulimbirana nthaka kwa ku Oklahoma,” anatero wogula wina yemwe anaima pamzera kuti agule imodzi ya zomalizira zotsala m’sitoko. Izi zinkagulitsidwa pa chifupifupi $100 chiletsocho chisanaperekedwe. Pa tsikuli zinkagulidwa pa mtengo wokwera wa $1,000 imodzi. “Mfutizi zimabwera 30 ndikugulidwa zonsezo patsiku,” anatero mwini sitolo wina mwachimwemwe. “Akugula zonse, iriyonse ndipo yamtundu uliwonse imene angapeze,” iye anatero. “Zimene achita ndizo kuika imodzi m’nyumba ya munthu aliyense,” anatero mwini shopu yamfuti wina.

Lamulo mu mzinda wa Florida, United States, lalola okhala ndi mfuti kuyenda ndi mfuti poyera yovalidwa m’chiuno mwawo kapena yobisidwa m’zovala zawo. Ena akuchita mantha kuti ichi chidzatulukapo kuwombera mfuti mwakabisira, mofanana ndi nyengo yoluluzika ya Kumadzulo. Woimira Boma la Florida wina anati: “Uthenga umene tikupereka ngwakuti, ‘Sitingathenso kukutetezerani, motero dzipezereni mfuti ndipo chitani zomwe mungathe.’” Ndipo mogwirizana ndi malonda a mfuti, zikwi zambiri zikuchitadi zimenezo.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji pali mzimu wamwadzidzidzi umenewu wa mfuti—zina zamphamvu kwambiri mokhoza kuponya zipolopolo kupyoza m’zipupa za konkile ndi kumwaza zipolopolo 900 pa mphindi imodzi, zopangidwira nkhondo zazikulu kotheratu? Akuluakulu ena akunena kuti mfuti ziri ndi “chikoka chofanana n’chikhumbo cha kugonana” chimene chimazipangitsa kukhala zokhumbirika kwa amuna. “Muli kudzitama m’kunyamula chida chachikulu koposa, chowopsya kwambiri ndipo champhamvu koposa chopezeka,” anatero mkulu waboma wina. “Makamaka kwa amuna, mfuti zimabutsa pafupifupi mzimu wachikoka wowabwezera ku unyamata wawo,” analemba tero mtolankhani wina. Mabanki ena apindula ndi chikoka cha mfuti chimenechi mwakupereka mfuti zakumanja mmalo mwa chiwongola dzanja pa chikalata chaumboni wakuikiza ndalama. Malipoti akusonyeza kuti kuchilikizako kwakhala kofala kwenikweni kwa oikiza ndalama.

Kuzungulira dziko lonse, malonda a mfuti akukula. Kodi adzathera kuti? Pamene mwamuna aliyense m’chitaganya akhala ndi mfuti imodzi kapena kuposapo? Kapena kodi mfuti nzaamuna okha? Lingalirani nsonga zosangalatsa m’nkhani yotsatira.