Nthenda Yosadziŵika Izindikiridwa
CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) ndiyo “chiwopsezo chachikulu pa thanzi ndi chuma, chachiŵiri kwa AIDS.”
IZI nzimene Dr. Byron Hyde wa ku Canada ananena pankhani yosiirana yoyamba ya dziko lonse ya CFS, mu Cambridge, Mangalande, mu April 1990. Kwenikweni, Dr. Jay Levy, wofufuza AIDS wa ku San Francisco, anatcha CFS “nthenda ya m’ma ’90.”
Emergency Medicine inafotokoza kuti CFS ndinthenda “yamadongosolo athupi ambiri imene imayambukira dongosolo lalikulu laminyewa ndi madongosolo otetezera thupi ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri dongosolo laminofu ndi mafupa.” Nkhaŵa ya nthendayo yakhala yaikulu. Pamene magazini a mu United States a Newsweek anafalitsa nkhani yosonyezedwa pachikuto chake m’November 1990, kopelo linakhala chofalitsidwa chogulidwa koposa cha chakacho.
CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control) mu Atlanta yawona nthendayo mwamphamvu. Mu 1988 bungwe lotchuka loyang’anira umoyo limeneli la ku United States linazindikira mwalamulo nthenda yosadziŵika imeneyi mwakupereka njira kwa madokotala zoidziŵira, kapena ndandanda ya zizindikiro zakunja ndi zamkati zoidziŵira. Bungwelo linatcha nthendayo chronic fatigue syndrome (nthenda yakutopa kwalizunzo) chifukwa chakuti chizindikiro chachikulu chofala, ndicho fatigue (kutopa).
Vuto la Dzinalo
Komabe, ambiri amalingalira kuti dzinalo nlosayenera. Amati limapeputsa nthendayo, chifukwa chakuti kutopa kumene CFS imachititsa kumasiyana ndi kutopa wamba. “Kutopa kwathu,” wodwala wina anatero, “kuli ngati mphezi poiyerekezera ndi mbaliŵali.”
Dr. Paul Cheney, amene wasamalira odwala CFS mazana ambiri, akunena kuti kuitcha chronic fatigue (kutopa kwalizunzo) kuli “ngati kutcha chibayo ‘chifuŵa chalizunzo.’” Dr. J. Van Aerde, amene iye mwiniyo anakanthidwa ndi CFS, akugwirizana ndi zimenezo. Osati kale kwambiri, dokotalayu anali ndi ntchito ziŵiri zochikhalire—anali dokotala usiku ndi wasayansi masana, kuwonjezera pakukhala atate ndi mwamuna wokwatira. Chaka chatha anafotokoza chokumana nacho chake cha CFS, ndipo Medical Post ya m’Canada inafalitsa nkhani yake:
“Tayerekezerani nthenda imene ithetsa nyonga yanu yonse, kuchititsa kuchotsa zofunda pouka pakama kukhala ntchito yaikulu. Kuyendayenda panyumba, ngakhale pang’onopang’ono, kukhala kotopetsa kwambiri, kunyamula mwana wanu wakhanda kukhala kokhutitsa befu. Simupitanso m’chipinda chanu chapansi chophunzirira chifukwa chakuti simutha kukwera masitepe popanda kukhala pansi ndi kupuma musanafike. Tayerekezerani, mukhoza kuŵerenga mawu ndi masentensi a nkhani ya m’nyuzipepala, koma simutha kumva zimene zikunenedwa . . .
“Tayerekezerani kumva ngati kuti mukubaidwa jekeseni za m’mitsempha zambirimbiri m’minofu yanu yonse panthaŵi imodzi, kotero kuti simutha kukhala pansi chifukwa chakupweteka, osatha kuyenda, kupangitsa kukupatiridwa kusakhalanso kosangalatsa. . . . Tayerekezerani kumva kuzizidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, kumakhetsa thukuta la kumva kupweteka ndi nkhaŵa, kaŵirikaŵiri kotsagana ndi malungo pang’ono. Phatikizani pamodzi zizindikiro zonsezo ndi kuziyerekezera ndi chimfine cha flu choipitsitsa chimene munadwalapo, kusiyapo kuti iyo njoipitsitsa kwambiri ndipo imakhala kwa chaka chonse, kapena kuposerapo.
“Tayerekezerani nsautso ndi kukhwethemulidwa kosaneneka kumene kumakhalapo pamene nthendayo ibwerezabwereza, pamene mukulingalira kuti tsopano mwachira. Tayerekezerani kuti muli ndi mantha, mukumavutika m’mtima chifukwa chakudzimva kukhala m’ndende ya thupi losamveka kukhala lanu, ndipo simudziŵa kuti ndiliti kapena kaya ngati vutolo lidzatha konse.”—September 3, 1991.
Dzina limene nthendayi inapatsidwa mu United Kingdom ndi Canada limamveketsa kuwopsa kwake. Kumeneko imatchedwa myalgic encephalomyelitis, kapena ME mwachidule. “Myalgic” limanena za kupweteka kwa mnofu, ndipo “encephalomyelitis” limanena za chiyambukiro chimene nthendayo imakhala nacho pa ubongo ndi minyewa.
Popeza kuti nthendayo imayambukira dongosolo lotetezera thupi, magulu a odwala ochirikizana mu United States, amene tsopano alipo okwanira zana limodzi, anaitcha CFIDS (chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome).
Kodi imeneyi ndinthenda yatsopano yokhoza kupimidwa? Kodi ndimotani mmene yadziŵikira kwa anthu?
Kupenda Mbiri Yake
Mwinamwake CFS sinthenda yatsopano. Ena aidziŵa ndi zizindikiro zochuluka zimene m’zaka za zana lapita zinatchedwa neurasthenia, dzina lotengedwa ku Chigiriki lotanthauza “kusoŵa nyonga ya m’mitsempha.” Zizindikiro za CFS zimafanananso ndi za fibromyalgia, imene imadziŵikanso monga fibrositis. Ena amakhulupiriradi kuti CFS ndi fibromyalgia zingakhale nthenda imodzimodzi.
Matenda ambiri obuka ofanana ndi CFS anachitiridwa lipoti m’zaka makumi zapitazo, ochuluka a iwo mu United States. Koma apezekanso m’Mangalande, Iceland, Denmark, Jeremani, Australia, ndi Girisi. Maina olongosolera nthendayo anali akuti nthenda ya Iceland, nthenda ya Akureyri, nthenda ya Royal Free, ndi ena.
Posachedwapa, mu 1984 pafupifupi anthu 200 m’tauni laling’ono la Incline Village, pafupi ndi malire a California ndi Nevada, anadwala nthenda yofanana ndi chimfine cha flu chimene chinapitirizabe. “Tinawadziŵa monga akulu ogwira ntchito zolimba, achimwemwe, anyonga,” akufotokoza motero Dr. Cheney, amene anasamalira ambiri a iwo. “Mwadzidzidzi anadwala ndipo osatha kupezanso bwino. M’zochitika zina ankakhetsa thukuta kwambiri usiku kwakuti akazi kapena amuna awo ankadzuka ndi kusintha mabedishiti.”
Ena mwakuthedwa nzeru anatcha nthenda imeneyi yobuka mu Incline Village kukhala chimfine cha flu cha Anyamata Apamwamba, popeza kuti okhupuka mwachikatikati, achichepere otsungula ndiwo anakanthidwa nayo kwakukulukulu. Kunalingaliridwa kuti odwalawo mwina anali ndi malungo otchedwa infectious mononucleosis, koma kupima kofufuza nthendayo kunasonyeza kuti ambiri analibe. Komabe, kupima mwazi kunasonyeza mlingo waukulu wa maselo otetezera thupi pa kachirombo kotchedwa Epstein-Barr virus, mtundu wa herpesvirus. Motero, kwa nthaŵi yakutiyakuti, nthendayo inadziŵika mofala monga Epstein-Barr yalizunzo.
Nthendayo Izindikiridwa
Pamene Dr. Cheney anapereka lipoti ku CDC la zimene zinkachitika mu Incline Village, lipoti lake poyamba silinakhulupiriridwe kwenikweni. Koma posapita nthaŵi, malipoti analandiridwa ochokera m’dzikomo onena za mavuto ofananawo a thanzi.
Mkupita kwanthaŵi, kupenda kunasonyeza kuti kachirombo ka Epstein-Barr virus sindiko kanachititsa matendawo m’zochitika zambiri. Kwenikweni, 95 peresenti ya anthu akulu amakhala nako kachiromboka. Kamakhala chigonere m’matupi mwa anthu. “Pamene kagalamutsidwa,” anafotokoza motero dokotala wofufuza CFS, “kangakulitse nthendayo.” Koma sikwenikweni.
Kufufuza kochuluka kukuchitidwa kufuna kupeza zochititsa CFS. Monga chotulukapo, madokotala owonjezerekawonjezereka akuvomereza kuti nthenda yeniyeni yofuna mankhwala ikuyambukira mwina mamiliyoni a anthu. Dr. Walter Wilson, mkulu wa nthenda zoyambukira pa Mayo Clinic mu Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A., ananena kuti iye wasintha kaimidwe kake kamaganizo. Powona ambiri ofunafuna chithandizo ndi kutaikiridwa ndalama zambiri, iye akuti, “muyenera kuwasamalira ndi ulemu kaamba ka zimene zikuwachitikira.”
Mwachiwonekere, miyoyo yambiri ikuvulazidwa ndi nthenda yokhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana. CDC imalandira mafoni zikwizikwi ponena za mkhalidwewo mwezi uliwonse, ndipo AIDS yokha ndiimene imachititsa mafunso ambiri ku National Institutes of Health ya United States. “Chinachake chikuchitika,” anafotokoza motero Dr. Walter Gunn, amene anali woyang’anira kufufuza kwa CFS pa CDC asanapumitsidwe pantchito posachedwapa. “Koma kaya ndinthenda imodzi kapena zingapo, kaya pali chochititsa chimodzi kapena zoposerapo, nzosadziŵika bwino.”
Ena amakhulupirira kuti CFS kwakukulukulu ndinthenda yamaganizo. American Journal of Psychiatry ya December 1991 inati: “Olemba nkhani amanenetsa kuti chronic fatigue syndrome idzakhala monga neurasthenia—kusayesedwa matenda kwenikweni monga momwe zikuwonekera kuti ochuluka amene amaidwala choyamba amakhala ndi mavuto amaganizo.” Ndipo bukhu latsopano, From Paralysis to Fatigue, limalongosola CFS kukhala “nthenda yanthaŵi ino,” kutanthauza kuti sidzakhala nthenda yeniyeni.
Kodi CFS kwakukulukulu ndivuto lamaganizo? Kodi zizindikirozo kaŵirikaŵiri zimachititsidwa ndi tondovi? Kodi CFS ndinthenda yeniyeni?