Bwalo la Inquisition ku Mexico Kodi Linakhalako Motani?

TAYEREKEZERANI kuti muli pamaso pa bwalo la milandu lachipembedzo limene likufuna kukukakamizani kukhulupirira zimene chipembedzocho chimaphunzitsa. Inu simukudziŵa amene akukuimbani mlandu kapena chimene mukuimbidwira mlandu. Mmalo mouzidwa chifukwa chake, mukukakamizidwa kupereka chifukwa cha kugwidwa kwanu, kufotokoza umene mukuganiza kukhala mlandu wanu, ndi kutchula amene akukuimbani mlanduwo.

Samalani poyankha​—⁠mungavomereze mlandu umene simukuimbidwa ndi kuchititsa mkhalidwe wanu kukhala woipirapo! Ndiponso mungaloŵetsemo anthu amene sakukhudzidwa ndi mlandu umene mwapatsidwa.

Ngati simuvomereza, mungazunzidwe mwa kumwetsedwa madzi ochuluka kwambiri. Kapena mikono ndi miyendo yanu ingamangidwe ndi kutanulidwa pang’onopang’ono pa gome lozunzira kufikira ululu utakhala wosapiririka. Bwalo la milandulo lakulandani kale katundu wanu, ndipo mwachionekere katunduyo sadzabwereranso kwa inu. Zonse zikuchitidwa mseri. Ngati mupezedwa ndi liwongo, mwina mungathamangitsidwe m’dziko lanu kapena ngakhale kutenthedwa wamoyo.

M’zaka za zana la 20 lino, mungapeze vuto kumvetsetsa zochita zachipembedzo zankhalwe zonga zimenezi. Koma zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, nkhanza zotero zinachitika ku Mexico.

“Kutembenuza” Eni Dziko

Pamene Aspanya anagonjetsa dziko limene tsopano limatchedwa Mexico m’zaka za zana la 16, panakhalanso chilakiko cha chipembedzo. Kutembenuzira eni dziko ku chipembedzocho sikunachotse kwenikweni miyambo ndi madzoma, popeza kuti ansembe Achikatolika oŵerengeka chabe anasumika maganizo pa kuphunzitsa Baibulo. Iwo sanayese nkomwe kuphunzira chinenero cha eni dziko kapena kuwaphunzitsa Chilatini, chimene ziphunzitso za chipembedzo zinalembedwamo.

Ena analingalira kuti Mwenye anayenera kulandira malangizo onse achipembedzo. Koma ena anali ndi lingaliro lofanana ndi la Mgulupa Domingo de Betanzos, amene, malinga ndi kunena kwa Richard E. Greenleaf m’buku lake la Zumárraga and the Mexican Inquisition, “anakhulupirira kuti Mwenye anayenera kumanidwa malangizo m’Chilatini chifukwa chakuti amenewo akamchititsa kudziŵa umbuli wa atsogoleri achipembedzo.”

Bwalo la Inquisiton Lotsutsa Eni Dziko

Ngati nzika za Mexico zobadwira m’dzikolo sizinalandire chipembedzo chatsopanocho, zinaonedwa monga opembedza mafano ndipo zinazunzidwa kowopsa. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa iwo analandira mikwapulo zana limodzi poyera chifukwa cholambira mafano ake achikunja, amene anawafotsera pansi pa fano la Dziko Lachikristu pochita mchitidwe wongonyengezera wa kulambira “Kwachikristu.”

Komanso, Don Carlos Ometochtzin, mfumu ya ku Texcoco ndi mdzukulu wa mfumu ya Aaztec, Netzahualcóyotl, anatukwana tchalitchi. Greenleaf akunena kuti “Don Carlos analakwira Tchalitchi makamaka chifukwa cholalikira kwa eni dziko za mamwaimwa a agulupa.”

Pamene Mgulupa Juan de Zumárraga, wa inquisition wapanthaŵiyo, anamva zimenezi, analamula kuti Don Carlos agwidwe. Ataimbidwa mlandu wa kukhala “wampatuko woumitsa mutu ena,” Don Carlos anatenthedwa pamtengo pa November 30, 1539. Eni dziko ena ambiri analangidwa ataimbidwa mlandu wa matsenga.

Bwalo la Inquisition Lotsutsa Alendo

Alendo okhala ku Mexico amene anakana kulandira chipembedzo cha Katolika anaimbidwa mlandu wa kukhala ampatuko, Alutheran, kapena otembenukira ku Chiyuda. Mwachitsanzo, zimenezi zinachitikira banja Lachipwitikizi la a Carvajal. Ataimbidwa mlandu wa kutsatira chipembedzo cha Chiyuda, pafupifupi onse a iwo anazunzidwa ndi bwalo la Inquisition. Chiweruzo chotsatirachi choperekedwa pa chiŵalo cha banja limeneli chimasonyeza nkhalwe yake: “Doña Mariana de Carvajal wotchulidwayo [ine] ndikumpatsa chiweruzo chakuti . . . avekedwe garrote [chipangizo chonyongera] kufikira atafa mwachibadwa, ndiyeno atenthedwe pamoto wolirima kufikira atakhala phulusa ndi kuti pasatsale kalikonse kokumbutsa za iye.” Zimenezo ndizo zimene zinachitikadi.

Panthaŵi iliyonse imene mlendo anawopseza ulamuliro wa atsogoleri achipembedzo, anazengedwa mlandu. Mwamuna wotchedwa Don Guillén Lombardo de Guzman anaimbidwa mlandu wa kuyesa kumasula Mexico. Komabe, mlandu umene Ofesi Yopatulika inampatsa wa kugwidwa ndi kuzengedwa kwake unali wakuti anali wopenda nyenyezi ndi wampatuko wa kagulu ka Calvin. Pamene anali m’ndende anachita misala. Potsirizira pake anatenthedwa wamoyo pamtengo pa November 6, 1659.

Buku la Inquisition and Crimes, lolembedwa ndi Don Artemio de Valle-Arizpe, limafotokoza chochitikacho motere: “Iwo anamanga amaliwongowo, kuwamangirira kumtengo ndi mkombero wachitsulo m’khosi. . . . Moto waukulu wopatulika wa chipembedzo unayamba kuyaka ukumatulutsa malaŵi onyeketsa ndi utsi. Don Guillén . . . anazyolika ndipo mkombero umene unamgwira pakhosi pake unamnyonga, thupi lake likumazimiririka pambuyo pake m’malaŵi a moto wowopsa wolirima. Iye anasiya moyo uno pambuyo pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziŵiri za kuvutika pang’onopang’ono mopitiriza m’ndende zamdima wa bii za Ofesi Yopatulika. Moto waukuluwo unayamba kuzima pang’onopang’ono, malaŵi ake ofiirira omalipuka akumazimiririka, ndipo pamene anazima, panangotsala mulu wa makala omanyeka usiku.”

“Ofesi Yopatulika” Ikhazikitsidwa

Monga momwe kwatchulidwira kale, nzika za Mexico zobadwira m’dzikolo ndi kunja zinalangidwa, ndipo zina zinaphedwa chifukwa cha kusuliza kapena chifukwa cha kusalandira chipembedzo chatsopanocho. Zimenezi zinayambitsa bwalo la inquisition lopangidwa ndi agulupa ndipo pambuyo pake ndi abishopu. Komabe, wa Inqusition Wamkulu woyamba ku Mexico, Don Pedro Moya de Contreras, anachokera ku Spain mu 1571 kudzakhazikitsa mwalamulo Bwalo la Ofesi Yopatulika ya Inquisition kumeneko. Bwalo la milandu limeneli linasiya kugwira ntchito mu 1820. Motero, kuyambira mu 1539, panali zaka pafupifupi mazana atatu za kusautsidwa, kuzunzidwa, ndi imfa kwa awo amene sanalandire zikhulupiriro Zachikatolika.

Pamene wina anaimbidwa mlandu, anazunzidwa kufikira atavomereza. Bwalo la milandu linayembekezera kuti iye akane machitachita ake otsutsa Chikatolika ndi kulandira zikhulupiriro za tchalitchi. Woimbidwa mlanduyo anamasulidwa kokha ngati anatsimikizira kupanda liwongo kwake, ngati panalibe umboni wakuti ali ndi liwongo, kapena, pomalizira, ngati anavomereza nalapa. Atavomereza ndi kulapa, mawu ake akuti ananyansidwa ndi tchimo lake ndi kuti analonjeza kuwongolera zimene anachita anaŵerengedwa poyera. Mulimonse mmene zinalili, analandidwa katundu wake ndipo anafunikira kulipira faindi yaikulu. Atapezedwa ndi liwongo, anali kuperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a boma kuti alangidwe. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimenezi zinathera m’kutenthedwa kwake pamtengo, akali wamoyo kapena atangophedwa kumene.

Popereka chiweruzo poyera, panali kuchitika dzoma lalikulu. Chilengezo chapoyera chinkaperekedwa mumzinda wonse kudziŵitsa aliyense za tsikulo ndi malo osonkhanako. Patsikulo oweruzidwawo ankatuluka m’ndende za Bwalo la Ofesi Yopatulika atavala sambenito (chophimba chopanda manja), atanyamula kandulo m’manja, chingwe chitamangidwa m’khosi mwawo, ndipo atavala coroza (chipewa chosongoka) pamutu pawo. Machimo awo olakwira chipembedzo cha Katolika ataŵerengedwa, chilango chogamulidwa pa wochimwa aliyense chinkaperekedwa.

Mwanjira imeneyi ambiri anaweruzidwa ndi kulangidwa m’dzina la chipembedzo. Nkhanza ndi kusalekerera kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo zinali zoonekeratu kwa makamu amene anaona anthuwo ali kufa pamtengo.

Losemphana Kotheratu ndi Chikristu

Kristu Yesu analamula ophunzira ake kutembenuzira anthu ku Chikristu choona. Iye analamula kuti: “Chifukwa chake mukani, phunzitsani anthu a mitundu yonse, ndi kuwabatiza iwo m’dzina la Atate, ndi la Mwana, ndi la Mzimu Woyera: ndi kuwaphunzitsa, asunge zinthu zonse zimene ndinakulamulirani inu.”​—⁠Mateyu 28:​19, 20.

Komabe, Yesu sanasonyeze konse kuti anthu ayenera kutembenuzidwa mokakamiza. Mmalomwake, Yesu anati: “Ndipo yemwe sadzakulandirani inu, kapena kusamva mawu anu, pamene mulikutuluka m’nyumbayo, kapena m’mudzimo, sansani fumbi m’mapazi anu.” (Mateyu 10:14) Chiweruzo chomalizira pa anthu ameneŵa chimasiyidwa kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse, Yehova, popanda Akristu kuchitapo kalikonse mwakuthupi.

Pamenepa, nkwachionekere kuti kulikonse kumene Bwalo la Inquisition linali padziko lonse, linachita zinthu mosemphana kotheratu ndi malamulo a mkhalidwe Achikristu.

Mkhalidwe wa kulekerera kwachipembedzo umene tsopano uli ku Mexico umalola anthu kugwiritsira ntchito ufulu wa kusankha njira imene amalambirira Mulungu. Koma zaka mazana ambiri za lotchedwa Bwalo Lopatulika la Inquisition zikupitirizabe monga mbali yoipa m’mbiri ya Tchalitchi cha Katolika ku Mexico.