Chipembedzo Chichirikiza Mbali Ina

PA September 1, 1939, Germany analoŵerera m’Poland, akumayambitsa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Milungu itatu pambuyo pake The New York Times inali ndi mutu wakuti: “Asilikali a Germany Alimbikitsidwa ndi Matchalitchi Kumenya Nkhondo.” Kodi matchalitchi a Germany anachirikizadi nkhondo za Hitler?

Friedrich Heer, profesa wa mbiri yakale wa Roma Katolika wa pa Vienna University, anavomereza kuti iwo anatero: “Malinga ndi maumboni enieni a mbiri ya Germany, Mtanda ndi swastika zinagwirizana, kufikira swastika inalengeza za uthenga wa chilakiko pansanja za matchalitchi a mabishopu a Germany, mbendera za swastika zinaonekera pamagome a m’tchalitchi ndipo ophunzitsa zaumulungu, abusa, akuluakulu atchalitchi ndi akuluakulu aboma Achikatolika ndi Achiprotestanti anavomerezana kugwirizana ndi Hitler.”

Ndithudi, atsogoleri a tchalitchi anachirikiza kotheratu nkhondo ya Hitler, monga momwe profesa wina wa Roma Katolika Gordon Zahn analembera kuti: “Mkatolika wa ku Germany amene anayembekezera chitsogozo ndi chilangizo chauzimu kwa akuluakulu ake achipembedzo ponena za utumiki mu nkhondo ya Hitler analandira yankho limodzimodzilo limene akanalandira kwa wolamulira wa Nazi iye mwiniyo.”

Zipembedzo za Mbali Inayo

Koma kodi nchiyani chimene matchalitchi a m’maiko odana ndi Germany anali kunena? The New York Times ya December 29, 1966, inasimba kuti: “Kumbuyoku akuluakulu Achikatolika akumaloko nthaŵi zonse anali kuchirikiza nkhondo za maiko awo, akumadalitsa magulu ankhondo ndi kupereka mapemphero kaamba ka chipambano, pamene kuli kwakuti gulu lina la mabishopu la mbali ina linapemphera poyera kuti agonjetsedwe.”

Kodi chichirikizo chimenechi cha magulu ankhondo olimbanawo chinachitidwa movomerezedwa ndi Vatican? Talingalirani izi: Pa December 8, 1939, pambuyo pa miyezi itatu yokha Nkhondo Yadziko II itaulika, Papa Pius XII anatulutsa kalata ya abusa Asperis Commoti Anxietatibus. Kalatayo inali yopita kwa abusa a m’magulu ankhondo a kumaiko omenyana, ndipo inalimbikitsa a mbali zonse ziŵirizo kudalira mabishopu awo ankhondo. Kalatayo inalangiza abusa a magulu ankhondowo “kukhala omenyera nkhondo dziko lawo ndi kumenyeranso nkhondo Tchalitchi.”

Kaŵirikaŵiri chipembedzo chimatsogolera mwamphamvu pa kusonkhezera maiko kuchita nkhondo. “Ngakhale m’matchalitchi athu taika mbendera zankhondo,” anavomereza motero malemu Harry Emerson Fosdick, mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wa Protestanti. Ndipo ponena za nkhondo yadziko yoyamba, kazembe wankhondo wina wa ku Britain Frank P. Crozier anati: “Matchalitchi Achikristu ndiwo osonkhezera kukhetsa mwazi koposa amene tili nawo, ndipo timawagwiritsira ntchito mmene tingafunire.”

Komabe, imeneyo ndi mbiri ya chipembedzo yakumbuyoku. Bwanji nanga ponena za mbali yake yaposachedwapa mu nkhondo m’maiko amene kale anali Yugoslavia, kumene anthu ochuluka ali a Roma Katolika kapena a Orthodox?

Mlandu wa Chipembedzo

Mutu wina wa nkhani mu Asiaweek ya October 20, 1993, unati: “Bosnia Ndiye Phata la Nkhondo ya Zipembedzo.” Mutu wina wa nkhani ya ndemanga mu San Antonio Express-News ya June 13, 1993, unati: “Akuluakulu Achipembedzo Ayenera Kuletsa Masoka a ku Bosnia.” Nkhaniyo inati: “Zipembedzo za Roma Katolika, Eastern Orthodox ndi Chisilamu . . . sizingakane mlandu wa zimene zikuchitika. Osati panthaŵi ino ayi, osati pamene dziko lonse likupenyerera usiku uliwonse pa wailesi yakanema. Ndi nkhondo yawo. . . . Mfundo yakuti atsogoleri achipembedzo ali ndi mlandu wa nkhondoyo njachidziŵikire. Mkhalidwe wawo wachinyengo weniweniwo umasonkhezera nkhondo. Iwo amatero mwa kudalitsa mbali ina motsutsana ndi inayo.”

Mwachitsanzo, kodi nchifukwa ninji udani umene uli pakati pa Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika ndi Matchalitchi a Eastern Orthodox uli waukulu kwambiri? Apapa, atsogoleri aakulu, ndi atsogoleri ena atchalitchi ndiwo ali ndi mlandu. Chiyambire pa kugaŵanika kwa zipembedzo zimenezi mu 1054, atsogoleri atchalitchi asonkhezera udani ndi nkhondo pakati pa ziŵalo zawo. Nyuzipepala ya ku Montenegro yotchedwa Pobeda, ya September 20, 1991, inasonyeza kugaŵanika kwachipembedzo kumeneko ndi zotulukapo zake mu nkhani yonena za kumenyana kwaposachedwapa. Pa mutu wakuti “Akupha m’Dzina la Mulungu,” nkhaniyo inati:

“Si nkhani ya ndale pakati pa [prezidenti wa Croatia] Tudjman ndi [mtsogoleri wa Serbia] Milošević koma m’malo mwake ili nkhani ya nkhondo ya zipembedzo. Tiyenera kunena kuti zaka chikwi zapita kale chiyambire pamene Papa anasankha kuchotsa chipembedzo cha Orthodox monga mdani. . . . Mu 1054 . . . Papa analengeza kuti Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ndicho chimene chili ndi mlandu wa kugaŵanitsa. . . . Mu 1900 msonkhano woyamba wa Katolika unafotokoza mosabisa makonzedwe a kupulula anthu a Orthodox m’zaka za zana la 20. Makonzedwe [ameneŵa] tsopano akuchitika.”

Komabe, kumenyana kwaposachedwapa sikuli chitsanzo choyamba cha kulimbana kwa zipembedzo m’zaka za zana lino. Zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, Aroma Katolika anayesa kuchotsa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox m’deralo. Pokhala ndi chichirikizo cha papa, gulu lautundu la ku Croatia lotchedwa Ustashi linafikira pa kulamulira dziko lodziimira la Croatia. The New Encyclopædia Britannica ikusimba kuti ulamuliro umenewu wovomerezedwa ndi Vatican unagwiritsira ntchito “njira zankhanza zoipitsitsa, zimene zinaphatikizapo kupha Aserbu ndi Ayuda zikwi mazana ambiri.”

M’buku lakuti The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican, simunalembedwe chabe za ophedwawo—ophatikizapo minkhole zikwi makumi ambiri—komanso kuloŵereramo kwa Vatican kwalembedwamo.

Kumbali ina, Tchalitchi cha Orthodox chachirikiza Aserbu kumenya nkhondo. Kwenikweni, mtsogoleri wina wa gulu lankhondo Wachiserbu anagwidwa mawu kukhala akunena kuti: ‘Mtsogoleri wamkuluyo ndiye mtsogoleri wanga wankhondo.’

Kodi nchiyani chimene chikanachitidwa kuletsa kuphanako, kumene Bosnia ndi Herzegovina yekha watayikiridwa ndi anthu ochuluka ofikira 150,000 amene afa kapena kusoŵa? Fred Schmidt analengeza mu San Antonio Express-News kuti Bungwe la Chitetezo la UN liyenera kuvomereza “chosankha choyenera cholimbikitsa papa, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Constantinople, ndi [atsogoleri ena] a matchalitchi a Katolika, Eastern Orthodox, ndi Achisilamu okhala ndi ulamuliro ku Bosnia-Herzegovina kuletsa kumenyanako ndi kukumana pamodzi kuti akambitsirane za mmene owatsatira awo angakhalire pamodzi ndi azikhulupiriro zina monga anansi.”

M’lingaliro lofananalo, ndemanga ina ya mu Progress Tribune ya Scottsdale, ku Arizona, inanena kuti nkhondoyo “ingaletsedwe ngati atsogoleri achipembedzo kumeneko angafunitsitse kuiletsa.” Nkhaniyo inapereka lingaliro lakuti iwo ayenera kuchita zimenezo “mwa kuchotsa nthaŵi yomweyo chiŵalo chilichonse cha mpingo chimene chiponya mzinga ku Sarajevo.”

Palibe Chisonkhezero Chenicheni Chochirikiza Mtendere

Komabe, apapa apitirizabe kukana kuchotsa apandu oipitsitsa ankhondo, ngakhale pamene Akatolika anzawo achonderera kuti achite motero. Mwachitsanzo, Catholic Telegraph-Register ya ku Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., pa mutu wakuti “Woleredwa Monga Mkatolika Koma Aswa Chikhulupiriro Ikutero Telegramu kwa Papa,” inasimba kuti: “Pempho laperekedwa kwa Pius XII lakuti Reichsfuehrer Adolph Hitler ayenera kuchotsedwa mu mpingo. . . . ‘Adolph Hitler,’ [telegramuyo] inatero mwapang’ono, ‘anabadwira m’banja Lachikatolika, anabatizidwa kukhala Mkatolika, ndipo analeredwa ndi kuphunzira ali wotero.’” Komabe Hitler sanachotsedwe mu mpingo.

Lingaliraninso za mkhalidwe wa m’mbali zina za Afirika kumene nkhondo yauchinyama yakhala ikulirima. Mabishopu a Roma Katolika khumi ndi asanu a m’maiko a mu Afirika a Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, ndi Zaire anavomereza kuti, mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kwa “Akristu” ambiri obatizidwa m’chigawochi, “kumenyana m’maiko kwapulula, kuwononga ndi kukakamiza anthu kusamuka.” Mabishopuwo anavomereza kuti muzu wa vutolo “ngwakuti chikhulupiriro cha Chikristu sichinafike kwenikweni m’maganizo mwa anthu.”

National Catholic Reporter ya April 8, 1994, inati “papa . . . anamva ‘ululu waukulu’ pa malipoti atsopano a kumenyana kochitika m’dziko laling’ono la mu Afirika [la Burundi], mmene anthu ake ambiri ali Akatolika.” Papa anati mu Rwanda, mmene pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu ake ali Akatolika, “ngakhale Akatolika ali ndi mlandu” wa kupha. Inde, Akatolika a mbali zonse ziŵiri apululana, monga momwedi achitira mu nkhondo zambirimbiri kumbuyoku. Ndipo, monga momwe taonera, zipembedzo zina zachita chimodzimodzi.

Kodi nanga pamenepa tiyenera kunena kuti zipembedzo zonse zimachirikiza mbali ina mu nkhondo? Kodi pali chipembedzo china chilichonse chimene chili ndi chisonkhezero choona cha mtendere?

[Chithunzi patsamba 23]

Hitler, woonedwa pano ndi kazembe wa papa Basallo di Torregrossa, sanachotsedwe mu mpingo

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Bundesarchiv Koblenz