Kodi anachokera Kuti?

“KODI tinkadzitcha ayani Columbus asanadze? . . . M’fuko lililonse, ngakhale lerolino, mutatembenuza liwu limene fuko lililonse linali nalo monga gulu, mosadziŵa zimene ena ankadzitcha, nthaŵi zonse linkatembenuzidwa makamaka kukhala limodzimodzi. M’chinenero chathu [Chinaranganiseti] ndilo Aninuogi, kapena kuti anthu [m’Chinavaho, Diné]. Mmenemo ndimo mmene tinadzitchera. Chotero pamene atsamunda [Azungu] anafika kuno, tinkadziŵa kuti tinali ayani, komano sitinadziŵe kuti iwowo anali ayani. Chotero tinawatcha kuti Awaunageesaki, kapena kuti alendo, chifukwa chakuti iwowo ndiwo amene anali achilendo, anali iwo amene sitinawadziŵe, koma ife tinkadziŵana. Ndipo ndife tinali anthu.”—Tall Oak, Narragansett.

Pali nthanthi zambiri zonena za kumene kunachokera Eni America.a Joseph Smith, woyambitsa chipembedzo cha Mormon, anali mmodzi wa anthu angapo, kuphatikizapo Quaker William Penn, amene anakhulupirira kuti Aindiya anali Ahebri, mbadwa za otchedwa kuti mafuko khumi otayika a Israyeli. Mafotokozedwe amene akatswiri ochuluka azamaphunziro a makhalidwe a munthu amavomereza lero ngakuti mafuko a ku Asia anasamukira kumene tsopano timakudziŵa kuti Alaska, Canada, ndi United States mwina kudzera pa mlatho wanthaka kapena ndi mabwato. Ngakhale umboni wa DNA uchita ngati umachirikiza lingaliro limeneli.

Eni America—Kumene Anachokera ndi Zikhulupiriro Zawo

Eni America olemba mabuku Tom Hill (Seneca) ndi Richard Hill, Sr., (Tuscarora) akulemba m’buku lawo lakuti Creation’s Journey—Native American Identity and Belief kuti: “Mwamwambo mafuko ochuluka omwe ali eni dzikoli amakhulupirira kuti analengedwa kuchokera ku dziko lapansi lenilenilo, ku madzi, kapena ku nyenyezi. Komanso, ofukula za m’mabwinja, ali ndi nthanthi yonena za mlatho wina waukulu wanthaka umene unadutsa Bering Strait, pa umene anthu a ku Asia anadzerapo posamukira ku maiko a ku America; anthu a ku Asia ameneŵa, nthanthiyo imatero, anali makolo a nzika za mafuko a ku Western Hemisphere.” Eni America ena amakayikira za nthanthi ya anthu achiyerayo ya Bering Strait. Amakonda kukhulupirira nthano zawo. Amadziona kukhala nzika zenizeni za kumeneko osati anthu osamukirako a ku Asia.

M’buku lake lakuti An Indian Winter, Russell Freedman akufotokoza kuti: “Malinga ndi chikhulupiriro cha Amandani [fuko limene linali kufupi ndi kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Missouri], Munthu Woyamba anali mzimu wamphamvu, munthu waumulungu. Analengedwa m’nyengo yakale lomwe ndi Ambuye wa Moyo, mlengi wa zinthu zonse, kuti akhale monga nkhoswe pakati pa anthu wamba ndi milungu yosaŵerengeka, kapena mizimu, imene inakhala m’chilengedwe.” Chikhulupiriro cha Amandani chimaphatikizapo ngakhale za nthano ya chigumula. “Nthaŵi ina, pamene chigumula chachikulu chinasesa dziko lonse, Munthu Woyamba anapulumutsa anthu mwa kuwaphunzitsa kumanga nsanja yotetezera, kapena ‘chingalaŵa,’ chimene chinali kudzayandama pamwamba pa madzi osefukira. Pomchitira ulemu, mudzi uliwonse wa Amandani unali ndi chisonyezero chaching’ono cha nsanja ya m’nthanthi imeneyo—mlongoti wa mkungudza wotalika pafupifupi mapazi asanu, wokwetezedwa ndi kampanda ka matabwa.”

Amandani analinso ndi chizindikiro chachipembedzo “mlongoti wautali wokutidwa ndi nthenga ndi ubweya ndi kuika kunsonga yake mutu woipaipa wosemedwa wa mtengo, wopakidwa utoto wakuda.” Kodi zimenezi zinaimira yani? “Fanoli linaimira Ochkih-Haddä, mzimu woipa umene unali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa anthu komano osati wamphamvu kwambiri monga Ambuye wa Moyo kapena Munthu Woyamba.” Kwa Aindiya a ku Zigwa, “kukhulupirira za dziko lamizimu kunali mbali ya moyo wawo watsiku lililonse kotsimikizirika. . . . Panalibe chosankha chilichonse chachikulu chimene chinapangidwa, panalibe ntchito iliyonse imene inachitidwa, popanda choyamba kufuna thandizo ndi chivomerezo cha anthu opatulika amene analamulira zochita za anthu.”

M’buku lake lakuti The Mythology of North America, John Bierhorst akufotokoza kuti: “Kwanenedwa kuti kusanakhale mifunda, a Osage anali kusamukasamuka mumkhalidwe wodziŵika monga ganítha (popanda lamulo kapena dongosolo). Mwambo unanena kuti m’masiku oyambirira amenewo anthu ena oganiza otchedwa kuti Little Old Men . . . anayambitsa nthanthi yakuti mphamvu ina yolenga yabata njodzaza thambo ndi dziko lapansi ndipo imayendetsa mwangwiro nyenyezi, mwezi, ndi dzuŵa. Anaitcha kuti Wakónda (mphamvu yachinsinsi) kapena Eáwawonaka (wochititsa kukhalako kwathu).” Azuni, Asuu, ndi Alakota a Kumadzulo ali ndi lingaliro limodzimodzilo. Nawonso Awinebago ali ndi nthanthi ya chilengedwe imene imaphatikizapo “Mpangi wa Dziko Lapansi.” Nkhani yake imati: “Iyeyo anafuna kuti kuŵale ndipo kunaŵala. . . . Ndiyenonso anaganiza nafuna kuti kukhale dziko lapansi, ndipo dziko lapansili linakhalako.”

Kwa wophunzira Baibulo, nkokondweretsa kuona kufanana kumene kuli pakati pa zikhulupiriro za Eni America ndi ziphunzitso zolongosoledwa m’Baibulo, makamaka ponena za Mzimu Waukulu, “wochititsa kukhalako kwathu,” zimene zimakumbutsa tanthauzo la dzina la Mulungu, Yehova, “Iye Wochititsa Kukhalako.” Kufanana kwina kumaphatikizapo za Chigumula ndi mzimu woipa wodziŵika m’Baibulo monga Satana.—Genesis 1:1-5; 6:17; Chivumbulutso 12:9.

Kuzindikira Miyambo ya Eni America

Eni America olemba mabuku Tom Hill ndi Richard Hill akufotokoza mphatso zisanu zimene akunena kuti Eni America alandira kwa makolo awo. “Mphatso yoyamba . . . ndiyo mgwirizano wathu waukulu ndi malo.” Ndipo polingalira za mbiri yawo Azungu asanafike ndi pamene anafika, ndani angakane zimenezo? Dziko lawo, kaŵirikaŵiri lolingaliridwa ndi Eni America kukhala lopatulika, linalandidwa mwapang’onopang’ono mokakamiza, mwa chinyengo, kapena mwa mapangano osakwaniritsidwa.

“Mphatso yachiŵiri ndiyo mphamvu ndi mzimu umene nyama zimagaŵana ndi anthu amtundu wathu.” Kulemekeza nyama kwa Eni America kwasonyezedwa m’njira zambiri. Anasaka nyama chabe kaamba ka chakudya, zovala, ndi kumangira malo ogona. Nzikazo sindizo zimene zinaseseratu njati (bison) koma anthu achiyera, ndi chilope chawo ndi umbombo wawo wa malingaliro ofinimpha.

“Yachitatu ndiyo magulu a mizimu, amene ali achibale athu amoyo ndi amene timalankhulana nawo kupyolera mwa zifanizo zawo zimene timapanga.” Pamenepa amagwirizana ndi mfundo ya zipembedzo zambiri za padziko lonse—kupulumuka kwa mzimu kapena sou pambuyo pa imfa.b

“Yachinayi ndiyo kuzindikira za amene ife tili, kumene kumasonyezedwa ndi kuchirikizidwa ndi miyambo yathu yafuko.” Lerolino tingaonedi zimenezi pa madzoma a fuko, pamene anthuwo amasonkhana kudzakambitsirana nkhani za fuko, kapena pa macheza, pamene magule amakolo ndi nyimbo zimachitika. Mavalidwe achiindiya, kaombedwe ka ng’oma, magule, kusonkhana kwabanja kapena kwa mtundu kwamacheza—zonsezo zimasonyeza mwambo wafuko.

“Mphatso yotsiriza ndiyo kupanga zinthu—zikhulupiriro zathu zimachititsidwa kukhala zenizeni kupyolera m’kusanduliza zinthu zachibadwa kukhala zinthu za chikhulupiriro ndi zonyaditsa.” Kaya ndi kuluka mitanga, kuwomba nsalu, kuumba ndi kupaka utoto miphika, kukonza ndi kukongoletsa majuwelo ndi zokometsera, kapena umisiri wina uliwonse, nzogwirizanitsidwa ndi mwambo wawo ndi chikhalidwe cha zaka zambiri.

Pali mafuko ambiri amene angafunikire mabuku ambiri kuti tifotokoze zikhulupiriro zawo zonse ndi zochita zawo. Chimene tikufuna kudziŵa tsopano nchakuti, Kodi kufika kwa Azungu mamiliyoni ambiri, amene ambiri a iwo anati anali Akristu, kunali ndi chiyambukiro chotani pa Eni America?

[Mawu a M’munsi]