Mmene Mankhwala Oletsedwa Amakhudzira Moyo Wanu

MONGA kafumbwefumbwe amene amafumbwitsa nsichi za nyumba, mankhwala osokoneza bongo angathe kuwononga mgwirizano wonse wa anthu. Kuti anthu agwire ntchito bwino, ayenera kukhala ndi mabanja okhazikika, antchito athanzi labwino, maboma okhulupirika, apolisi owona mtima, ndi nzika zomvera lamulo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amawononga zinthu zonsezi.

Chifukwa chimodzi chimene maboma aletsera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe sachiza matenda n’chakuti amawononga thanzi la nzika zawo. Chaka chilichonse zikwi za anthu akhalidwe lomwa mankhwalawa amafa chifukwa cha kumwa mopitirira muyezo. Enanso ambiri amafa chifukwa cha matenda a AIDS. N’zoona, 22 peresenti ya anthu apadziko lapansi okhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amene anadzibaya jakisoni zokhala ndi kachilomboka. Pazifukwa zokwanira, pamsonkhano waposachedwapa wa bungwe la United Nations, Nasser Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa wochokera ku Qatar, anachenjeza kuti “mudzi wa dziko lonse watsala pang’ono kusanduka manda a aliyense oikamo anthu mamiliyoni apadziko lapansi ofa chifukwa cha malonda oletsedwa a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.”

Koma si thanzi la ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa lokha limene limawonongeka. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya ana onse obadwa ku United States amamwa mankhwala oletsedwa, nthaŵi zambiri cocaine adakali m’mimba. Amavutika ndi matenda opweteka obwera ndi mankhwalawo, ndiponso chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwalawa adakali m’mimba, makanda ameneŵa angadwale matenda ena ovulaza okhudza maganizo komanso thupi.

Ndalama Zosavuta Kupeza za Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Ndizo Msampha Wovuta Kupeŵa

Kodi kwanuko mumakhala osaopa chilichonse usiku? Ngati simutero, n’zotheka kuti n’chifukwa cha akatangale wamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuchitidwa chipongwe komanso chiwawa cha m’makwalala n’zogwirizana kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa. Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthaŵi zambiri amachita umbanda kapena uhule kuti apeze ndalama zochirikizira khalidwe lawolo ndipo magulu odana amamenyana ndi kuphana kuti asataye mphamvu zawo pa kugulitsa mankhwalawa. N’chifukwa chake apolisi m’mizinda yambiri amaona kuti milandu yochuluka ya kupha anthu imene iwo amafufuza imachitika chifukwa cha mankhwalawa.

M’mayiko ena, magulu oukira boma nawonso, atengerapo mwayi wochita zamphamvu pa malonda opindulitsa a mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Gulu lina lalikulu la zigaŵenga za ku South America tsopano limapeza theka la ndalama zake poteteza anthu akatangale wamankhwala osokoneza bongo. “Ndalama zimene zikuchokera m’mankhwala osokoneza bongo n’zimene zikugwira ntchito pa nkhondo zina zoopsa kwambiri padziko pano za pakati pa zipembedzo ndi mitundu,” likulongosola motero bungwe la United Nations Loona za Kuletsa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Padziko Lonse.

Ngozi Akaledzera Nawo

Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti misewu ikhale yoopsa kuyendamo. “Kuyendetsa galimoto utasuta chamba kapena LSD kungakhale koopsa monga mmene kulili kuyendetsa galimoto utamwa mowa,” anatero Michael Kronenwetter, m’buku lake lotchedwa Drugs in America (Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ku America.) N’zosadabwitsa kuti anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndiwo mochulukira amachita ngozi ndi kuvulala ku ntchito.

Komabe, kunyumba n’kumene mwina mankhwala osokoneza bongo amawononga kwambiri. “Kusokonezeka kwa moyo wabanja ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo n’zogwirizana,” likutero buku lotchedwa World Drug Report. Makolo amene amasokonezeka chifukwa cha chibaba chawo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthaŵi zambiri amachititsa kuti ana awo asamasangalale ndi moyo panyumba. N’kutheka kuti mpaka ubwenzi wapakati pa mayi ndi khanda, umene uli wofunika kwambiri pamilungu yoyamba ya moyo wa mwana, sungakhalepo. Kuphatikiza apo, makolo amene ali zidakwa za mankhwalawa nthaŵi zambiri amaloŵa m’ngongole ndipo angamabe zinthu za anzawo ndi abale awo kapena angachotsedwe ntchito kumene. Ana ambiri amene amakulira m’moyo woterewu amayamba kukhala m’makwalala kapena nawonso amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungachititse kumenya wokwatirana naye kapena ana. Cocaine, makamaka akaphatikizidwa ndi mowa, angachititse munthu waphee kukhala wachiwawa. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa ku Canada wa za anthu ogwiritsa ntchito Cocaine, 17 peresenti ya amene anafunsidwa anavomereza kuti amachita ndewu akamwa mankhwalawo. Chimodzimodzinso, lipoti lonena za kuzunzidwa kwa ana mu mzinda wa New York linati 73 peresenti ya ana amene anafa ndi kumenyedwa, makolo awo anali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ziphuphu ndi Kutengera Khalidwe Loipa

Ngati banja lingathe kuwonongedwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti mabomanso angatero. Kungoti m’boma zimakhala ndalama za mankhwalawo zimene zimawononga zinthu osati mankhwalawo ayi. “Mankhwalawa achititsa akuluakulu a boma, apolisi ndi asilikali, kulandira kapena kupereka ziphuphu,” anadandaula motere kazembe wa dziko lina la ku South America. Iye ananenanso kuti ndalama zochuluka zimene zikupezedwa mosavuta zili “chiyeso chachikulu kwabasi” kwa amene amapeza ndalama zongokwanira kugulira zinthu zofunika m’moyo.

M’mayiko ambiri, oweruza, mabwanamkubwa, apolisi ndipo ngakhale akuluakulu oletsa mankhwalawa akhala akugwidwa kuti achita nawo ziphuphu. Andale amene anawasankha mothandizidwa ndi ndalama zakatangale wa mankhwalawa safuna kuchitapo kanthu pakabuka nkhani zofuna kuletsa malonda ozembetsa mankhwalawa. Ambiri mwa akuluakulu oona mtima amene analimba mtima polimbana ndi mankhwalawa anaphedwa.

Ngakhale nthaka yathu, nkhalango zathu, ndi zamoyo zimene zimakhalamo, zikuvutika chifukwa cha vuto ladziko lonse limeneli. Mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya opium ndi cocaine ikupangidwa m’zigawo ziŵiri zimene zingawonongeke mosavuta ndi kuwonongedwa kwa malo: nkhalango zamvula za Kumadzulo kwa Amazon ndi za Kumwera cha Kummaŵa cha Kumwera kwa Asia. Malo ameneŵa awonongedwa kwabasi. Ngakhale njira zina zabwino zofuna kuthetsa mbewu zoletsedwa zimene, zimawononga kwabasi chifukwa mankhwala ophera mbewuzo amakhala akupha.

Kodi Ndani Amalipira?

Kodi ndani amalipirira zinthu zonse zowonongedwa ndi mankhwalawa? Tonse timalipira. Inde tonse timataya ndalama pa kusayenda bwino kwa ntchito, kulipirira matenda, katundu wobedwa kapena kuwonongedwa, kuyendetsa ntchito yochirikiza lamulo. Lipoti la Unduna wa za Ntchito wa ku United States linapeza kuti “kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito kungatayitse ndalama mabizinesi ndi maindasitale a ku America zokwana madola 75 kapena mpaka 100 biliyoni pachaka . . . chifukwa cha nthaŵi imene imatayika, ngozi komanso ndalama zambiri zolipira kuchipatala komanso zopepesera antchito.”

Ndalama zimenezi potsiriza pake ziyenera kulipiridwa ndi anthu okhoma msonkho komanso ogula. Kufufuza kumene anachita ku Germany mu 1995 anapeza kuti pachaka ndalama zimene zimawonongeka chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa m’dziko limenelo ndi madola 120 pa nzika iliyonse. Ku United States, chiŵerengero china chinaposa pamenepa, chinali madola 300 munthu aliyense.

Komabe, vuto lalikulu kwambiri limene mankhwalawa amachita kwa anthu ndilo kuwasokoneza. Kodi alipo munthu amene anganene mtengo wa kutha kwa mabanja ambiri, kuzunzidwa kwa ana ambiri kuchititsa akuluakulu ambiri kulandira ziphuphu ndi kufa msanga kwa anthu ambiri? Kodi zonsezi zikutanthauza chiyani malingana ndi mmene anthu timaonera zinthu? Nkhani yathu yotsatira ilongosola mmene mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudzira miyoyo ya amene amawagwiritsa ntchito.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 7]

MANKHWALA OSOKONEZA BONGO KOMANSO KUPHWANYA LAMULO

MANKHWALA OSOKONEZA BONGO AGWIRIZANITSIDWA NDI KUPHWANYA LAMULO M’NJIRA ZINAYI:

1. Kukhala ndi mankhwalawa komanso kuwagulitsa mopanda lamulo ndi milandu yophwanya lamulo pafupifupi m’mayiko onse apadziko lapansi. Ku United States kokha, apolisi amamanga anthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni chaka chilichonse pa milandu yokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. M’mayiko ena, mabungwe oona za milandu ya ophwanya malamulo achulukidwa ndi milandu yokhudza mankhwala osokoneza bongo imene apolisi ndi amakhoti sangaikwanitse.

2. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi okwera mtengo kwabasi, zidakwa za mankhwalawa nthaŵi zambiri zimaphwanya lamulo kuti zipeze ndalama zokhutiritsira chizoloŵezi chawocho. Munthu amene ndi chidakwa cha cocaine angawononge ndalama zokwana madola 1,000 pa mlungu chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi chakecho! N’zosadabwitsa kuti umbava, kuvutitsa anthu, ndi uhule, zimachuluka mankhwalawa akafala.

3. Malamulo ena amaphwanyidwa n’cholinga chakuti katangale wa mankhwalawa, amene ali amodzi mwa malonda opindulitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, apitirire. “Chuma cha katangale wa mankhwala oletsedwa komanso kuphwanya lamulo m’chigulugulu ndi zinthu zogwirizana,” likulongosola motero buku la World Drug Report. Ndi cholinga chakuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo aziyenda mosavuta, anthu akatangalewo amayesa kupereka ziphuphu kapena kuopseza anthu aulamuliro. Ena mpaka amatha kukhala ndi magulu awoawo a asilikali. Phindu lalikulu limene oyang’anira malonda a mankhwalawa amapanga limachititsanso mavuto. Ndalama zochuluka kwambiri zimene amapeza zingathe kuwadziŵikitsa mosavuta atapanda kuziika m’dzina lina, motero mabanki komanso maloya amalembedwa ntchito kuti atsekereze ndalamazo kuopa kuti zingaululike.

4. Zotsatirapo zake za kumwa mankhwalawa zingachititse kuphwanya lamulo. Zidakwa za mankhwalawa zingazunze anthu a m’banja mwawo. M’mayiko ena a mu Africa amene ali pavuto la nkhondo zapachiweniweni, maupandu owopsa achitidwa ndi achinyamata ongosinkhuka, m’mutu mutadzaza mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Mwana angathe kuvulazidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amene amayi ake amagwiritsa ntchito

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

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