Mutu 16

Miyambo Yofala Yosamkondweretsa Mulungu

1. Mwa kumafunafuna kumkondweretsa Mulungu kodi timapindula kapena timaluza?

IFE tingazipindule zirizonse zimene ziri zofunika ndipo sitingacitaye ciriconse cimene ciri ca mtengo wapatali mwa kumafunafuna kumkondweretsa Mulungu mu zinthu zonse. Kwa iyeyo wamasalmoyo amati: “Mudzandidziwitsa njira ya moyo: pankhope panu pali cimwemwe cokwanira; m’dzanja lanu la manja muli zokondweretsa zomka muyaya.” (Salmo 16:11 [15:11, Dy]) Komabe, Satana Mdierekezi amayesa kuwapatutsa anthu kucoka ku kulambira koona ndi kuwatsogoza iwo mu njira zimene ziri zosamkondweretsa Yehova Mulungu. Imodzi ya njira zimene iye amazigwiritsira nchito kucicitira ici ndiyo kugwiritsira nchito miyambo yofala imene iri yosiyana ndi ziphunzitso za Baibulo.

2. Kodi nciani cymene cimatsimikizira kaya ngati mwambo wofala uli wolakwika?

² Sikuti miyambo yonse yofala iri yolakwika. Koma iyo imakhala yosamkondweretsa Mulungu ngati iyo yazikidwa mizu mu cipembedzo conama kapena ngati iyo mwa njira yina imaombana ndi maprinsipulo a Baibulo. (Mateyu 15:6) Mokondweretsa kwambiri, yocuruka ya miyambo imene yakhalapobe kufikira lerolino iri ya cipembedzo. Popeza taona kale kuti cipembedzo cacikunja caudziko capatuka pa muyezo wa Baibulo wa kulambira kwangwiro, sikuyenera kutidabwitsa ife kupeza kuti yocuruka ya miyambo yace iri yozika mizu pa macitacita a cipembedzo cacikunja.

3. (a) Kodi ndi cenjezo lotani limene Yehova analipereka kwa anthu ace kuwaletsa iwo miyambo ya cipembedzo cacikunja? (b) Kodi ndi motani mmene tingathandizidwire kuugwiritsira nchito uphungu wopezeka pa Aroma 12:2?

³ Pa kuwacenjeza Aisrayeli kuti acenjere ndi miyambo yacipembedzo ya mitundu yowazinga, Yehova anawauza anthu ace kuti iwo sanayenera kuphunzira “njira ya amitundu.” (Yeremiya 10:2) Ili linali cenjezo lacikondi, cifukwa cakuti miyambo yacikunja imeneyo inali yozikidwa pa cinyengo, kumnamizira Mulungu limodzi ndi cifuno cace. Kawirikawiri miyambo imeneyo inali ndi ciyambukiro coipa pa cikhalidwe ca awo amene anali kuigwiritsira iyo nchito. Pa cifukwa cimodzimodzico Baibulo limatipatsa ife lerolino uphungu wakuti: “Musafanizidwe ndi makhalidwe a pansi pano: koma mukhale osandulika, mwa kukonzanso kwa mtima wanu, kuti mukazindikire cimene ciri cifuno ca Mulungu, cabwino, ndi cokondweretsa, ndi cangwiro.” (Aroma 12:2) Cikhumbo coona mtima ca kufuna kumkondweretsa Yehova Mulungu cidzatithandiza ife kutero.

KUGWIRITSIRIDWA NCHITO KWA MTANDA

4. Kodi nciani cimene The Catholic Encyclopedia imacibvomereza ponena za mtanda?

⁴ Anthu ambiri amene amapita ku carici amabvala mtanda m’khosi, kapena amakhala nao mtanda wokhala ndi wina wopacikidwapo m’nyumba mwao, ndipo mitanda imapezeka pa nyumba zambiri za macarici. Koma kodi munayamba mwadziwa kuti mtanda uli ndi ciyambi cacikunja? Zenizeni zimasonyeza kuti, m’malo mwa kukhala cizindikiro cotheratu ca Cikristu, mtanda unali kugwiritsiridwa nchito kwa zaka zambiri kubadwa kwa Kristu kusanacitike. Ici cikubvomerezedwa ndi The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908, Voliyamu IV, tsamba 517):

“Cizindikiro ca mtanda, cimene cimasonyezedwa mwa kudutsa mizera iwiri moipinganitsa, ciri cakale kopambana Cikristu cisanayambike ponse pawiri Kummawa ndi Kumadzulo. Ico ciri cakale ndithu kutsungula kwamunthu kusanayambike.”

5. Kodi nciani cimene bukhu lakuti The Ancient Church limanena ponena za ciyambi cacikunja ca mtanda?

⁵ Pomasonyeza za ciyambi ca mtanda cacipembedzo cacikunja, bukhu lakuti The Ancient Church lolembedwa ndi mkuru wa mpingo W. D. Killen limati (kusindikiza kwa 1859, tsamba 316):

“Kuyambira mu nthawi yakale kwenikweni mtanda unali kulemekezedwa mu Igupto ndi mu Suriya; uwonso unali kulemekezedwa ndi Abuda Kummawa; . . . pamene nyengo yathu yino inali kuyambika, akunja anazolowera kupanga cizindikiro ca mtanda pamphumi pao pa kucita madyerero a zina za zinsinsi zao zopatulika.”

6. Kodi ndi kuti kumene mtanda unayambirako, ndipo kodi unali cizindikiro ca mulungu uti?

⁶ Ndipo pomasonyeza moonjezereka za kugwirizana kwace ndi cipembedzo Cacibabulo, W. E. Vine, mu An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, (Voliyamu 1, tsamba 256), amanena kuti mtanda “unayambira mu Kaldayo wakale [Babulo], ndipo unagwiritsidwa nchito monga cizindikiro ca mulungu Tamuzi (pokhala wa kapangidwe ka Tau wozizwitsayo [kapena T], cilemba coyambirira ca dzina lace).”

7. (a) Malinga ndi kunena kwa bukhu la Baibulo la Macitidwe, kodi Yesu anaphedwera pa mtengo wopinganitsana? (b) Kodi ndi motani mmene alembi akale Acigriki amaligwiritsirira nchito liu limene latembenuzidwa kukhala “mtanda” m’matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo?

⁷ Koma kodi Yesu sanaphedwere pa mtanda wopinganitsa matabwa awiri? Baibulo limasonyeza kuti sizinatero. Pa Macitidwe 5:30 ndi 10:39, m’matembenuzidwe onse a Baibulo a Cikatolika ndi Ciprotestanti, ife timauzidwa kuti Yesu anafera pa “mtengo.” Liu lakutilo “mtengo” panopo limalitembenuza liu Lacigriki lakuti xylon (kapena xulon). Ponena za liu ili ndiponso liu lakuti stauros, limene latembenuzidwa kukhala “mtanda” m’matembenuzidwe ena, The Companion Bible limanena pa tsamba 186 mu “Appendixes” kuti:

“Homer [wolemba wakale Wacigriki] amagwiritsira nchito liu lakuti stauros kumatanthauza mtengo wamba, kapena nsici kapena thabwa wamba. Ndipo ili ndilo tanthauzo lace ndi magwiritsiridwe ace a nchito a liulo m’malemba onse Acigriki. Ilo silimatanthauza konse matabwa awiri opinganitsidwa modutsana, koma nthawi zonse limatanthauza limodzi lokha. Cifukwa ca cimeneco kugwiritsiridwa nchito kwa liu lakuti xulon [kapena xylon, kumatanthauza thabwa] mogwirizana ndi njira imene Ambuye wathu anaphedwera, . . . Motero umboniwo uli wokwanira, wakuti Ambuye anaphedwa pa metngo wongoti khwatsa, ndipo osati pa matabwa awiri opingasitsana.”

8. Kodi kugwiritsiridwa nchito kwa mtanda kunayambika liti pakati pa ongodzinenera kukhala Akristu? Ndipo ncifukwa ninji anacitenga cizindikiro cacikunja?

⁸ Pomasonyeza nthawi imene kugwiritsiridwa nchito kwa mtanda koteroko kunayambira pakati pa ongodzicha kukhala Akristu, W. E. Vine, m’bukhu lace, amanena kuti:

“Mkati mwa zaka za zana lacitatu A.D. macarici anali atapatuka, kapena anali [atakupanga kutsanzira konama kwa] ziphunzitso zina za cikhulupiriro Cacikristu. M’malo mwakuti aonjezere anthu olowamo, akunja anali kulandiridwa m’macaricimo osati cifukwa ca kukhulupirira, ndipo kwakukurukuru analoledwa kuzisunga zizindikiro zao zacikunja. Cifukwa ca cimeneco Tau kapena T, . . . mbali yodutsayo itatsitsidwa pansi pang’ono, anayamba kugwiritsidwa nchito kumatanthauza mtanda wa Kristu.”—Voliyamu 1, tsamba 256.

9. (a) Kodi kuli kwacizolowezi kumacisunga cipangizo cimene cinagwiritsiridwa nchito kumphera wokondedwa wanu? (b) Ngati munthu wakhala akugwiritsira nchito mtanda, kodi ndi cosankha cotani cimene iye ayenera kucipanga? Kodi nciani cimene cidzathandizira kucipanga cosankha coyenera?

⁹ Sikuli kwanzeru kumacisamalira ndi kumacikometsera cida cimene cinagwiritsiridwa nchito kumpherapo munthu amene timamkonda. Kodi ndani amene angalingalire za kuimpsompsona volovolo imene inagwiritsiridwa nchito kumphera wokondedwa wace, kapena kumaibvala iyo m’khosi lende? Popeza kuti zinthu ziri conco, ndipo mtanda pokhala utatsimikiziridwa kukhala cizindikiro ca cipembedzo cacikunja, anthu amene acibvala cipangizo cimeneco kapena ali ndi mitanda yosonyezapo wina wopacikidwa pamenepo m’nyumba zao, akumalingalira kuti izizo zikumlemekeza Mulungu limodzi ndi Mwana wace Yesu Kristu, akumana ndi cosankha cofunika kwambiri. Kodi iwo adzapitirizabe kuzigwiritsira izo nchito? Kodi iwo adzazisunga izo? Kukonda coonadi ndi cikhumbo ca kumkondweretsa Mulungu mu zinthu zonse kudzathandizira pa kucipanga cosankha coyenera.—Deuteronomo 7:26.

ZIFANIZIRO ZACIPEMBEDZO NDI ZITHUNZITHUNZI

10. (a) Kodi kugwiritsiridwa nchito kwa zifaniziro zacipembedzo, mafano ndi zithunzithunzi kuli kwakale motani? (b) Mogwirizana ndi ici, kodi ndi mafunso ati amene tifunikira kuwalingalira?

¹⁰ Ciyambire mu nthawi ya Igupto wakale ndi Babulo, kugwiritsiridwa nchito kwa zifaniziro zacipembedzo, mafano ndi zithunzithunzi m’nyumba kwakhala kofala kwambiri. Izi zakhala zikusamalidwa kwambiri ndi anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti izo zingadzetse cisungiko ndi madalitso ku nyumba zao. Koma kodi Yehova ali wokondweretsedwa ndi macitidwe amenewa? Kodi iye amawabvomereza awo amene amayang’ana ku zinthu zooneka ndi maso m’malo mwa kumaciika cidaliro cao cotheratu mwa iye, Mulungu woona ndi wamoyoyo?

11. (a) Kodi Mulungu anawalola Aisrayeli akale kugwiritsira nchito zifaniziro zacipembedzo monga zothandizira mu kulambira? (b) Ncifukwa ninji Akristu oyambirira anakupewanso kugwiritsira nchito zifaniziro?

¹¹ Pomasonyeza kusakondweretsedwa kwace ndi zifanizo zacipembedzo monga zothandizira kupemphera, Mulungu anapereka lamulo kwa Aisrayeli lowakaniza kuzigwiritsira izo nchito. Kuonjezerapo, iye anawacenjeza iwo kuti asakhumbe golidi kapena siliva amene anali pa zifaniziro zimene anazipeza pakati pa anthu akunja. (Eksodo 20:4, 5; Deuteronomo 7:25) Kodi kalingaliridwe ka Mulunguko kanasintha mwa kuyambika kwa Cikristu? Ai, pakuti Baibulo limasonyeza kuti Akristunso anapewa kugwiritsira nchito zifaniziro. (Macitidwe 17:29) Pomautsatira uphungu wa mtumwi Yohane wa “kupewa mafano,” iwo anayenda “mwa cikhulupiriro si mwa cionekedwe.” Iwo anaciika cidaliro cao mwa Mulungu wosaonekayo.—1 Yohane 5:21; 2 Akorinto 5:7.

12. Kodi ndi motani mmene zifaniziro za Kristu zinayambikira? Ndiponso, kodi Akristu oyambirira anali ndi zifaniziro za mai wace wa Yesu?

¹² Mbiri ya dziko imabvomerezana ndi ici. Monga momwe M’Clintock and Strong’s Cyclopoedia (Voliyamu IV, tsamba 503) imatiuzira ife: “Akristu akale sanagwiritsire nchito zifaniziro m’kulambira.” Popeza kuti Akristu a mu zaka za zana loyamba anazisunga nyumba zao kukhala zopanda zifaniziro zacipembedzo, kodi ndi kuti kumene zifaniziro za Kristu zinayambirako? Bukhu lakuti The History of the Christian Religion and Church, During the Three First Centuries (lolembedwa ndi Dr. Augustus Neander) (Kusindikiza kwaciwiri, 1848, tsamba 183) limatiuza ife kuti: “Akunjanso, amene, mofanana ndi Alexander Severus [Mfumu Yaciroma ya mu zaka za zana lacitatu C.E.], anakaona kanthu kena Kaumulungu mwa Kristu, ndipo magulu ena acipembedzo, amene anasanganiza cikunja ndi Cikristu, ndiwo amene anali oyamba kugwiritsira nchito zifaniziro za Kristu.” Popeza kuti panalibe zifaniziro za Kristu zimene zinagwiritsiridwa nchito ndi Akristu oyambirira, kulinso koonekera bwino kuti analibe zifaniziro za Mariya, amai wace wa Yesu.

13. (a) Kodi nciani cimene cimatsimikizira ngati cifaniziro kapena cithunzithunzi sicimamkondweretsa Mulungu? (b) Kodi ciyambi ca halo kapena “nimbus” ncotani?

¹³ Kodi ici cimatanthauza kuti kuli kulakwa kukhala naco cinthu ciriconse cosemedwa mwaluso, monga ngati zithunzithunzi kapena cifaniziro ca kanthu kena cosemedwa? Ai, pakuti kulipo kusiyana pakati pa zinthu wamba zosemedwa mwaluso ndi zinthu za kulambira kwacipembedzo. Kodi nciani cimene cimacitsimikizira cifaniziro kapena cithunzithunzi ngati ciri cosamkondweretsa Mulungu? Ici: kodi ico cimalemekezedwa kapena kulambiridwa, kapena makandulo kapena cakudya cikumaikidwa patsogolo pace, monga mmene kumacitikira m’maiko ena? Kodi ico ciri cosemphana ndi zimene Baibulo limanena? Kapena kodi ico cimasonyeza zizindikiro zacikunja? Inu mungakhale mutaona kuti zithunzithunzi zina za Yesu Kristu zimazunguliridwa mutu wacewo ndi moto. Uwu umachedwa halo kapena nimbus. Ngati mutapeza pamene pali “nimbus” mu encyclopedia, mudzamva kuti iyo inagwiritsiridwa nchito ndi Aigupto akale, Agriki ndi Aroma m’zopangapanga zao zacipembedzo cacikunja. Halo mutaifufuza idzakufikitsani ku kulambira kwa dzuwa kwa Cibabulo, ndipo imaonekera limodzi ndi zithunzithunzi za milungu Yacibabulo.

14. Kodi nciani cimene atumiki a Mulungu akale anacicita pamene anazipeza zipangizo za cipembedzo conyenga zimenezo pakati pao?

¹⁴ Kodi tiri naco citsogozo cocokera mu nthawi yakale ponena za cimene tinayenera kucicita ngati tipeza zifaniziro zotere zacipembedzo ndi zithunzithunzi ziri pakati pathu? Eya, kodi nciani cimene Yakobo wokhulupirirkayo anacicita pamene anapeza milungu yonama pakati pa ena a apabanja pace? Iye anaicotsa. (Genesis 35:2-4) Ndipo kodi nciani cimene Mfumu Yosiya yacinyamatayo inacicita monga cotsatirapo ca kuyamba kumamfunafuna Mulungu woona? Iye anazicotsa zifaniziro zonse zosema mu Yuda, akumaziswa izo kukhala zidutswa-zidutswa. (2 Mbiri 34:3, 4)a Ha, ciri citsanzo cabwino kopambanadi mu cangu ca kumapereka ulemerero kwa Yehova Mulungu!—Salmo 115:1-8, 18 [113:1-8, 18, manambara aciwiri, Dy].

KULEMEKEZA ANTHU NDI MAGULU

15. (a) Kodi maholedi amene amapereka maulemu onga kulambira kwa zolengedwa amamkondweretsa Mulungu? (b) Kodi maholedi amene azikidwa pa kukumbukira “mizimu ya akufa” azikidwa pa ciphunzitso conyenga cotani? Cotero, kodi zoona zace za tsiku lochedwa Tsiku la Miyoyo Yonse ndi zotani?

¹⁵ M’malo ena uli mwambo wa kuwapatula masiku a kuwalemekeza “oyera mtima,” kapena anthu ochuka, amoyo kapena akufa. Kodi ici cimamkondweretsa Mulungu? Baibulo limaletsa kupereka maulemu a kulambira kwa zolengedwa, cotero maholedi amene ali ndi colinga cimeneco ali osagwirizana ndi cifuniro ca Mulungu. (Macitidwe 10:25, 26; 14:11-15; Aroma 1:25; Cibvumbulutso 19:10) Kuonjezerapo, maholedi okumbukira “mizimu ya akufa” kwenikwenidi azikidwa pa ciphunzitso conama ca kusafa kwa moyo wa munthu. Cotero sikuyenera kutidabwitsa ife kuwerenga, mu Encyclopoedia Britannica (kusindikiza kwa 1946, Voliyamu 1, tsamba 666), kuti “zikhulupiriro zina zofala zogwirizana ndi Tsiku la Miyoyo Yonse ziri ndi ciyambi cacikunja.” Anthu amene amakonda njira ya coonadi amakhala osamala kwambiri kuwapewa masiku oterowo.

16. (a) Kodi nciani cimene ciri colakwika ndi maholedi kapena madyerero amene amalemekeza mitundu kapena magulu audziko? (b) Kodi ndi motani mmene Malemba amasonyezera ponena za kacitidwe kamene Akristu ayenera kukatsatira?

¹⁶ Maholedi ena kapena mapwando amawalemekeza kapena kutamanda mitundu kapena magulu audziko. Mwambo woipa panopo ndiwo kumapereka thamo ku magulu amenewo kaamba ka mapindu amene womthokoza anayenera kukhala Mulungu, kapena kumanena kuti magulu amenewo ali ndi mphamvu ya kupulumutsa ndi kucinjiriza mu njira imene ingacitidwe ndi Mulungu yekha. (Yeremiya 17:5-7) cotero, awo amene amakhala ndi phande m’masungidwe a masiku awa amacita cinyengo pamaso pa Mulungu. Akristu oona adzatsogozedwa ndi prinsipulo lakuti iwo Sali “a dziko lapansi.” (Yohane 15:19) M’malo mwa kulitsanzira dziko, iwo amasiya kufaniziridwa “ndi makhalidwe a pansi pano.”—Aroma 12:2.

17. (a) Pa madyerero a tsiku la kubadwa, kodi ndani amene amakwezeka kukhala womalabadiridwa pamenepo? (b) Kodi ndi anthu ati okha amene madyerero ao a tsiku la kubadwa alembedwa m’Baibulo? (c) Kodi ndi motani mmene Akristu oyambirira anawaonera madyerero a tsiku la kubadwa?

¹⁷ Miyambo ina imene ingaonekere kukhala yopanda colakwa ciriconse imatsogolera ku malo amodzimodziwo monga macitacita amene achulidwa pamwambapowo. Motero, pamene kuli kwakuti kusunga masiku a kubadwa kungaonekere kukhala cinthu cacing’ono, uko kumacitamanda colengedwaco, kumampangitsa munthuyo kukhala womaganiziridwa koposa Mlengiyo. Ife tiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti masiku a kubadwa awiri okha amene achulidwa m’Baibulo ndiwo a Farao wa ku Igupto ndi Herode Antipa, olamulira amene anali kutsatira kulambira konyenga. (Genesis 40:20-22; Mateyu 14:6-10) Nanga bwanji ponena za Akristu oyambirira? Wolemba mbiri yakale Neander amati: “Kacitidwe ka madyerero a tsiku la kubadwa kanali kosadziwika konse m’maganizo mwa Akristu onse a mu nyengo iyi.” (Tsamba 190) Iwo anawakana madyerero a tsiku la kubadwa kukhala a ciyambi cacikunja. Awo amene amafunafuna mokangalika kumkondweretsa Mulungu mwanzeru amaipewa miyambo imene imacitamanda colengedwa ciriconse kapena imene ciyambi cace ciri ca cipembedzo conyenga.—Yohane 5:44.

ISTARA NDI KRISMESI

18. (a) Kodi Akristu oyambirira analisunga tsiku la Istara? (b) Kodi ciyambi ca mwambo wofala wa Istara ncotani? (c) Kodi kasungidwe ka tsiku la Istara kamacirikizidwa m’Baibulo?

¹⁸ Istara iri holedi yacipembedzo yaikuru m’Cikristu ca Dziko, imene imanenedwa kuti imacitidwa pokumbukira za kuuka kwa Kristu kucokera kwa akufa. Koma kodi Kristu anapereka lamulo la kumacita cikumbukiro ca kuukitsidwa kwace? Ai, iye sanatero. Mabukhu a mbiri yakale amatiuza ife kuti Istara sinali kusungidwa ndi Akristu oyambirira ndi kuti iri yozikidwa pa macitacita akale acikunja. The Encyclopoedia Britannica imati:

“Palibe cisonyezero ciriconse ca kusungidwa kwa madyerero a Istara mu Cipangano Catsopano. . . . Kumazipanga nthawi zina kukhala zopatulika kunali lingaliro limene silinali m’maganizo mwa Akristu oyambirira.”b

Dr. Alexander Hislop ponena za mwambo wa Istara amati:

“Zikumbukiro zochuka zimene zimasungidwabe pa nyengo zace zikuutsimikizira moyenerera umboni wa mbiri yakale ponena za mkhalidwe wace Wacibabulo. Maskono a mtanda wotentha a pa Good Friday, ndi mazira a Pasch kapena Istara Sande, anali kupezeka m’madzoma Acikaldayo [Cibabulo] monga mmene akhalira tsopano.”c

Liu (Lacingelezi) lakuti “Easter” limene limaonekera kamodzi kokha mu King James Bible pa Macitidwe 12:4 liri kutembenuza kolakwika kwa liu lakuti “passover” (paskha).d Liu lakuti “Easter” silimaonekera paliponse mu Baibulo la Catholic Douay. Cifukwa ca cimeneco, holedi yaikuru ya Cikristu ca Dziko ya Istara simapeza cicirikizo ciriconse m’Baibulo. Iri ya ciyambi cacikunja, ndipo cifukwa ca cimeneco iri yosakondweretsa Mulungu.

19. (a) Kodi Krismesi inali kusungidwa ndi Akristu oyambirira? (b) Kodi ndi cikumbukiro cotani cimene Yesu anawalangiza atsatiri ace kucisunga?

¹⁹ Bwanji ponena za Krismesi? Mwa kumafufuza maumboni m’malaibrare akuru, mudzapeza kuti iyo siinadziwidwe ndi Akristu oyambirira. Yesu anawalangiza atsatiri ace kusunga cikumbukiro ca imfa yace, osati ca kubadwa kwace. (1Akorinto 11:24-26) The Catholic Encyclopedia imati: “Krismesi siinali pakati pa madyerero oyambirira a carici. . . . Umboni woyambirira wa phwandolo uli wocokera ku Igupto.”e

20. (a) Kodi ndi motani mmene zenizenizo zimasonyezera kuti Yesu sakanabadwa mu nthawi ya kuzizira kwa dzinja? (b) Kodi ndi liti pamene deti la December 25 linasankhidwa, nanga anasankhiranji deti limenelo?

²⁰ Pamenepo, nanga bwanji ponena za December 25, tsiku limene limasungidwa ndi anthu ambiri kukhala tsiku lobadwa Kristu? Ili silikadakhala tsiku lobadwa Yesu. Baibulo limasonyeza kuti pa nthawi imeneyo abusa anali chikhalirebe kuthengo pa usiku. Monga momwe Encylopœdia Britannica imasonyezera (1907, Voliyamu V, tsamba 611), iwo sakadakhala kumeneko mu nthawi yozizira, yamvula ya dzinja. (Luka 2:8-12) Ponena za ciyambi ca detilo, The World Book Encyclopedia imati:

“Mu A.D. 354, Bishopo Liberius wa ku Rome anawalamulira anthuwo kuti azicita madyerero pa Decmbe 25. Iye minamwace anasankha deti limeneli cifukwa cakuti anthu a mu Rome anali akumalisunga kale monga la Madyerero a Saturn, akumakumbukira tsiku la kubadwa kwa dzuwa.”f

21. Kodi nciani cimene zenizeni zonena za mbiri yakale zimasonyeza ponena za ciyambi ca miyambo yambiri ya pa Krismesi?

²¹ Popeza kuti deti la Krismesi liri la ciyambi cacikunja, sikuyenera kukhala kwacilendonso kuti miyambo ya pa Krismesi irinso ya ciyambi cacikunja. Motero Encyclopœdia of Religion and Ethics imatiuza ife kuti:

“Yocuruka ya miyambo ya Krismesi imene tsopano iripo . . . siri miyambo yamphamvu Yacikristu, koma miyambo yacikunja imene yatengedwa ndi kubvomerezedwa ndi Carici. . . . Saturnalia mu Rome anapereka citsanzo ca miyambo yonse ya cisangalalo ca pa nthawi ya Krismesi.”g

Ndiponso, The Encyclopedia Americana imanena kuti pakati pa miyambo imene inabwerekedwa kucokera ku phwando lacikunja Laciroma la Saturnalia panali “kupereka mphatso.”h

22. (a) Kodi ndi motani mmene Agalatiya 5:9 anayenera kukasonkhezerera kalingaliridwe kathu kulinga ku Krismesi? (b) Kodi ndi kaamba ka zifukwa zolongosoka zotani Akristu oona ayenera kukakana kasungidwe ka tsiku ili?

²² Palibe kupewa: Krismesi iri ya ciyambi cacikunja. Podziwa ici, ife tiyenera kulabadira cenjezo la mtumwi Paulo la kusasanganiza coonadi ndi cinyengo. Iye amanena kuti ngakhale “cotupitsa pang’ono citupitsa mtanda wonse.” (Agalatiya 5:9) Iye anawadzudzula ena a Akristu oyambirira kaamba ka kumawasunga masiku amene anali kusungidwa m’cilamulo ca Mose koma amene Mulungu anali atawacotsa kaamba ka Akristu. (Agalatiya 4:10, 11) Ndi motani nanga mmene kwakhalira kofunika kwambiri kwa Akristu oona lerolino kuwakana masungidwe a tsiku amene sanalamulidwe ndi Mulungu, amene amacokera ku Babulo wacikunja, ndi amene mwacinyengo amakhala ndi dzina la Kristu!

CABWINO KOPOSA KUSUNGA MASIKU ACIKUNJA

23. Kodi nciani cimene Akristu oona ali naco cimene ciri cabwino koposa “mzimu wa Krismesi” umene umadza kamodzi pa caka?

²³ Akristu oona ali ndi cinthu cina cabwino koposa kasungedwe ka masiku acikunja. Iwo ali ndi “cipatso ca mzimu,” cifundo, kukoma mtima, cikhulupiriro, cifatso, ciletso.” (Agalatiya 5:22, 23) Cipatso ici cimapereka kuolowa manga kumene kuli kokongola kwambiri ndi kotsimikizirika koposa “mzimu wa Krismesi” umene umangocitika kamodzi pa caka. Mzimu wa Mulungu umapereka kukoma mtima ndi kupanda dyera zimene zimaonekera bwino lomwe tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa caka conseco. Uwuwo umawasonkhezera Akristu kupatsa, osati mwa ciyembekezo ca kubwezeredwanso kapena cifukwa cakuti apanikizika kuti ayenera kupereka basi, koma amapatsa mwa cikondi ceniceni Cacikristu.—Luka 6:35, 36; Macitidwe 20:35.

24. (a) Kodi ndi liti pamene Akristu enieni amapereka mphatso ndi kumakhala ndi nthawi zosangalatsa limodzi? (b) Kodi ndi motani mmene icico cakhalira cabwino koposa mmene dziko limacitira?

²⁴ Akristu enieni angapereke mphatso ndi kukhala ndi nthawi ya kusangalala limodzi mkati mwa caka conse. (Luka 6:38) Makolo samafunikira kuti ayembekezere pa masiku a kubadwa kapena Krismesi, koma angapereke mphatso kwa ana ao pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa cakaco. Ici cimapereka nthawi za cimwemwe zambiri osangoti imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha. Kuonjezerapo, anawo amadziwa kuti ali makolo ao amene akuwapatsa mphatsozo, akumatero cifukwa ca kuwakonda iwo. Ici cimathandizira kucilimbikitsa comangira cacikondi ca pakati pa makolo ndi ana. Kuonjezerapo, ana samalimbikitsidwa kuti akhale osayamikira kwa munthu kapena kwa Mulungu, cifukwa ca kumalingalira kuti iwo ali oyenera kulandira mphatso mwa njira iriyonse pa masiku akuti-akuti.—Akolose 3:14.

25. Kumacidziwa coonadi conena za miyambo yofala kumatimasula ife ku ciani, limodzi ndi colinga cotani m’maganizo?

²⁵ Kuciphunzira coonadi conena za ciyambi cacikunja ca miyambo yofala kuli ndi mphamvu yozizwitsa yomasula. Ife sitimadziona kukhala okakamizika kutsatira macitacita ena amene atsimikizira kukhala colemetsa, mwa ndarama ndi mwa zinthu zina, kwa anthu a dziko. Ndipo, cofunika kwambiri, ndico cakuti kucidziwa coonadi kumatimasula ife kuti tiitsatire njira imene imamkondweretsa Yehova, kotero kuti tipeze moyo wosatha mu dongosolo lace latsopano lolungama.—Yohane 8:32; Aroma 6:21, 22.

[Mawu a M’munsi]