Mafunso Ochokera kwa Oŵerenga

◼ Ophunzira ena amatsutsa kuti “chingwe” chiyenera kulowa m’malo mwa “ngamila” pa Mateyu 19:24, pamene timaŵerenga kuti: “Nkwapafupi kuti ngamila ipyole diso la singano.” Ndi liwu liti limene liri lolondola?

Ophunzira Baibulo ena molakwika amamaliza kuti mawu a Yesu pamenepa analembedwa poyambirirapo mu chiAramaic. Liwu la chiAramaic logwiritsiridwa ntchito m’malemba oterowo (gam·la’ʹ) lingatanthauze “ngamila.” Kudalira pa zamkati mwa nkhani, ngakhale kuli tero, ilo lingagwiritsiridwenso ntchito monga “chingwe chachikulu ndi mtanda.” Koma molingana ndi Papias wa ku Hierapolis, mwinamwake mnzake wa mtumwi Yohane, Mateyu analemba Mbiri yake ya Uthenga poyambirira mu Chihebri, osati chiAramaic, pambuyo pake anawatembenuza mu Chigriki. Liwu la Chihebri kaamba ka ngamila (ga·malʹ) liri losiyana kwambiri ndi mawu otembenuzidwa chingwe (cheʹvel) kapena nsinga (‛avothʹ), ndipo chiri chotsimikizirika kuti Mateyu akanasankha katchulidwe kolondola ka Chigriki.

Zolembedwa zakale kwambiri ndi zodalirika koposa za Chigriki (Sinaiticus and Vatican No. 1209) ziri ndi liwu lakuti kaʹme·los, limene limatanthauza ngamila. Liwu limodzimodzilo lagwiritsiridwa ntchito pa Mateyu 23:24, pamene pali chikaikiro chochepa kuti “ngamila” ikutanthauzidwa.

Mkati mwa zaka mazana ena ayesa kufewetsa kunena konkitsa kwa Yesu. Ena anakhoza ngakhale kuseŵera ndi lemba lopatulika. Kupyola chifupifupi zaka mazana asanu, liwu lofananalo kaʹmi·los limapezedwa pa lemba iri m’zolembedwa za Chigriki zina. Liwu losawonekawoneka limeneli limatanthauza “chingwe, chingwe chamagetsi cha sitima ya pamadzi.” Molingana ndi A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament ya Arndt ndi Gingrich, ilo “liribe mawu mu CC [Chipangano Chatsopano].” Ophunzira a Chigriki Westcott ndi Hort anaika thayo kulowetsa mawu kumeneku kwa Mkristu wodzinenera wa m’zaka za zana lachisanu Cyril wa ku Alexandria, yemwe anatsutsa kuti liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi Mateyu (kaʹme·los) lingatanthauze chingwe chamagetsi, akumanena kuti: “Uli mwambo wozolowerana ndi ulendo wa pamadzi kutchula zingwe zochindikala ‘ngamila.’” Komabe, za lingaliro limeneli Westcott ndi Hort ananena kuti: “Ilo motsimikizirika liri lolakwa.”

Molingana ndi chilozero cha ntchito imodzi, lingaliro la ngamila yaikulu ikuyesera kukwanira m’diso la singano yosokera yaing’ono “limasonyeza kunena kosinjirira kwa Kum’mawa.” M’chenicheni, mkulongosola anthu ena otchuka kaamba ka nzeru zoterozo kuti anawoneka ngati akuchita zosathekera, The Babylonian Talmud inanena kuti: “Iwo amajambula njovu ikupyola m’diso la singano.” Chotero Yesu anali kugwiritsira ntchito chithunzi cha Kum’mawa kugogomezera kusatheka kwa chinthu chinachake mwanjira ya kusiyana kotheratu. Ndithudi, chingakhale chosatheka kupanikiza chinthu china chirichonse chachikulu kupyola m’diso la singano​—kaya chingwe, ngamila, kapena njovu.

Yesu sanali kunena kuti chinali chosatheka kwa munthu wolemera kupeza moyo, popeza kuti anthu ena olemera anakhala atsatiri ake. (Mateyu 27:57; Luka 19:2, 9; Yohane 19:38, 39) Koma m’nthaŵi yochepa Yesu asanapereke ‘mwambi wovuta umenewu,’ mwamuna wachichepere wolemera anataya mwaŵi waukulu wauzimu chifukwa cha chikondi chake chokulira kaamba ka “chuma chake.” (Mateyu 19:16-22) Chingakhale chosatheka kwa munthu aliyense wolemera wokhala ndi kawonedwe kameneka kulowa moyo wosatha. Kokha ndi thandizo lokulira la Mulungu kwa munthu woteroyo ndipo pamene angakhoze kusintha ndi kulandira chipulumutso chomwe chimabwera kupyolera mu mphamvu ya Mulungu.​—Mateyu 19:25, 26.