Ulendo Wautali wa Mphamvu za Dziko Uyandikira Mapeto Ake
Baibulo limanena za mphamvu zadziko zazikulu zisanu ndi ziŵiri—maufumu amphamvu omwe atsatizana wina ndi unzake kupyola zikwi za zaka za mbiri ya dziko. Nkhani zapita mu mpambowu zasonyeza kuti tikukhala m’nthaŵi ya yotsirizira ya iwo—Mphamvu ya Dziko ya Anglo–America ya tsiku lathu.a—Chivumbulutso 17:9, 10.
Mphamvu ya Dziko ya Anglo–America imodzimodziyi inalongosoledwa poyambirira m’bukhu la Chivumbulutso monga chirombo chomwe chiri ndi “nyanga ziŵiri.” Mphamvu ya dziko ya mbali ziŵiri imeneyi “ilambiritsa dziko ndi omwe akukhala momwemo” ku chirombo cha ndale zadziko chomwe chimaimira mphamvu zonse zadziko zisanu ndi ziŵiri.—Chivumbulutso 13:11, 14.
Ndimotani mmene maulosi amenewa anakwaniritsidwira, ndipo kodi amatanthauzanji kwa ife lerolino? Yankho lokondweretsa liri mutu wa nkhani yotsatira.
PAMENE vuto la zaka zinayi la Nkhondo ya Dziko I linayandikira, prezidenti wa ku America Woodrow Wilson ndi nduna yaikulu ya ku Britain David Lloyd George anayambitsa Chigwirizano cha Mitundu. Cholinga chake chinali “kufikira mtendere wa mitundu yonse ndi chisungiko” ndipo chotero kuletsa vuto la nkhondo yoteroyo kuchitika kachiŵirinso.
Chiri chosangalatsa kudziŵa omwe anayambitsa chimenechi. Atsogoleri aŵiri amenewa anali mitu ya mbali ziŵiri za Mphamvu ya Dziko yachisanu ndi chiŵiri ya mbiri ya Baibulo yolankhula Chingelezi Anglo–America. Ichi ndi nsonga zina zonena za gulu la mtendere wa mitundu yonse ndi chisungiko ziyenerana, m’njira yozizwitsa, ndi chimene bukhu la Baibulo la Chivumbulutso linanena ponena za “mfumu yachisanu ndi chitatu” yosakhalitsa yomwe ponse paŵiri ikauka ndi kugwa m’tsiku lathu. Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zinali zina za mbali zofanana zokondweretsa zimenezi?—Chivumbulutso 17:11.
Ulosi mu Chivumbulutso unavumbula kuti “chirombo” chokhala ndi “nyanga ziŵiri zonga nkhosa” chikawuza “okhala pa dziko lapansi kulambira” chirombo, chomwe chikulamulidwa ndi mphamvu zazikulu zadziko zisanu ndi ziŵiri za mbiri ya Baibulo.
Ichi chiri chenicheni chimene Mphamvu ya Dziko ya Anglo–America inachita. Iyo inasonkhezera “okhala pa dziko lapansi” kupanga Chigwirizano chomwe chinawoneka ndi kuchita m’njira imene maboma akulu amachitira. Koma m’chenicheni chinali kokha “fano ku chirombo.” Icho chinalibe mphamvu ya icho chokha, kokha imene inapatsidwa kwa icho ndi ziwalo za mitundu yake. Iyo siikulongosoledwa kukhala ikudza mu mphamvu kupyolera m’kugonjetsa kwa gulu lankhondo kokulira, monga mmene mphamvu zadziko zinachitira. M’malomwake, iyo imatuluka kapena kubwera kuchokera mu mphamvu zadziko zisanu ndi ziŵiri zoyambirirazo. Icho chimapereka kukhalapo kwake osati kokha ku yachisanu ndi chiŵiri ya izo komanso ku ziwalo za mitundu ina zomwe zimaphatikizapo otsalira a zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo. Kodi fano la ndale limeneli likafikira zifuno zokulira zomwe ochiyambitsa ake anayembekezera?—Chivumbulutso 17:11, 14.
Kulephera kwa Chigwirizano
Chigwirizano cha Mitundu chinakwaniritsa zokulira m’munda wa mayanjano. Komabe, chonulirapo chake chenicheni, monga momwe chinalongosoledwa mu “Pangano la Chigwirizano cha Mitundu,” chinali “kupititsa patsogolo kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse ndi kukwaniritsa mtendere wa mitundu yonse ndi chisungiko.” M’chimenechi icho chinalephera.
Chigwirizano sichinapambane m’kusunga Japan kusaloŵerera Manchuria mu 1931. Icho sichinaletse Bolivia ndi Paraguay kusapita ku nkhondo mu 1933. Icho chinalephera kuletsa kugonjetsa kwa Mussolini mu 1936 kwa Ethiopia. Komabe, kukantha kwa imfa kwa Chigwirizano kunadza pa September 1, 1939, ndi kubuka kwa Nkhondo ya Dziko II—kusokoneza kwa mtundu wa kuwononga kwa chisawawa ndi tsoka limene Chigwirizano chinakhazikitsidwira kuchinjiriza. Chiŵerengero cha nkhondo imeneyo? Miyoyo ya asilikali mamiliyoni 16 ndi anthu wamba mamiliyoni 39, unyinji wonse pamodzi wa mamiliyoni 55 unafa, kapena chifupifupi kuwirikiza nthaŵi zinayi kuposa chiŵerengero cha imfa ya Nkhondo ya Dziko I!
Ngakhale kuli tero, kumbuyoko mu 1919, Chipangano cha Chigwirizano chisanayambe kugwira ntchito, Mboni za Yehova (zodziŵika kalelo monga Ophunzira Baibulo) zinalengeza poyera kuti Chigwirizano chiyenera kulephera, popeza kuti mtendere sukanabwera kupyolera mu zoyesayesa za umunthu zoterozo. Pambuyo pake, pa msonkhano wawo wa 1926 mu London, England, chinalozedwa kuti molingana ndi Chivumbulutso 17, “mfumu yachisanu ndi chitatu” ikuwonekera monga yotsirizira ku mzera wa mphamvu zadziko. Monga mmene mlankhuli analozera, kuti “Ambuye ananeneratu kubadwa kwake, kukhalapo kwake kosakhalitsa, ndi kudulidwa kwake kosatha.”
Chibwereranso!
Ponena za mfumu yachisanu ndi chitatu imeneyi, ulosi wowuziridwawo umanena kuti: “Chirombo chimene unachiwona chinaliko, koma kulibe ndipo chidzatuluka m’phompho, ndi kunka kuchitaiko.”—Chivumbulutso 17:8.
Kuchokera pakati pa chaka cha nkhondo cha 1942, Mboni za Yehova zinazindikira kuti gulu losagwira ntchitolo la mtendere ndi chisungiko likatuluka m’phompho la kusagwira ntchito. Chaka chimenecho Prezidenti wa Watch Tower Society anawuza opezekapo m’mizinda 52: “Ngakhale kuti ziwalo makumi anayi zikudzinenerabe kukhala zikumamatira ku Chigwirizano, Chigwirizano m’chenicheni chiri mu mkhalidwe wa kufa koyembekeza . . . Icho ‘sichiri tero.’” Koma kodi icho chikakhoza “kutuluka m’phompho”? Akumazika mawu ake pa ulosi wa Baibulo umenewu, iye analengeza kuti: “Kugwirizana kwa mitundu yakudziko kudzabukanso.”
Monga mmene ulosiwo unanenera, mfumu yachisanu ndi chitatu imeneyi “inali” kuyambira 1920 mpaka 1939. Iyo ‘sinaliko’ kuyambira 1939 mpaka kutha kwa Nkhondo ya Dziko II mu 1945. Kenaka inatulukanso “m’phompho,” choyambitsidwanso monga cholowa m’malo cha Chigwirizano, Mitundu Yogwirizana.
Ziyembekezo Zokulira Zosakwaniritsidwa
Nthumwi kuchokera ku mitundu 50 zinasaina Tchata cha Mitundu Yogwirizana mu San Francisco pa June 26, 1945. Kulengeza kwake kunayamba: “Ife anthu a Mitundu Yogwirizana tiri ogamulapo kupulumutsa mibadwo yotsatira kuchokera ku zowawa za nkhondo, zimene kaŵiri m’nthaŵi yathu ya moyo zabweretsa chisoni chosaneneka ku mtundu wa anthu . . . ”
Ziyembekezo zimene zinamangidwa kaamba ka UN zinapitirira zenizeni zonse. Mlembi wa boma wakale wa U.S. Cordell Hull ananena kuti icho chinasunga mfungulo ku “kupulumuka kwenikweni kwa kutsungula kwathu.” Prezidenti wa U.S. Harry Truman anachiitana icho kukhala “mwaŵi wokulira wa . . . kupanga mtendere wopirira pansi pa chitsogozo cha Mulungu.” Tchata cha UN chinatchedwa “mwinamwake chipepala cha m’nthaŵi kwenikweni chomwe sichinatulutsidwe ndi kale lonse ndi munthu” ndi “posinthira pa zinthu m’mbiri ya kutsungula.” Zaka makumi anayi pambuyo pake, Gregory J. Newell wa Gawo la Boma la U.S. ananena kuti: “Chochititsa chinathetsedwa: kugwiritsa mwala kunali kosapeweka.”
Monga Chigwirizano, UN yakwaniritsa zokulira m’mbali za mayanjano. Koma sinakhoze kutsimikizira mtendere kapena kuletsa nkhondo. Nduna yaikulu yakale ya dziko la Britain Harold Macmillan anawuza Nyumba ya Malamulo ya ku Britain mu 1962 kuti “maziko onse pa amene Mitundu Yogwirizana inamangidwa anyalanyazidwa.”
Poyambirira anthu ambiri anawona gulu limeneli ndi chifupifupi chiyanjo cha chipembedzo. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti “fano” limeneli likakhoza kuchita chimene Baibulo limanena kuti kokha Ufumu wa Mulungu ukachita: kukhazikitsa mtendere wosatha, chilungamo, ndi dziko logwirizana mowonadi. Iwo amatsutsana mwamphamvu ndi maulosi a Baibulo amene amasonyeza kuti zoyesayesa za anthu sizingakhoze kukhala magwero enieni a mtendere. Komabe, pamene UN inafikira msinkhu wake wa zaka 40, wodziŵa za mbiri yakale Thomas M. Franck ananena kuti “icho chiri . . . chosafikirika kwenikweni kuposa mmene tinayembekezera mu 1945.” Monga mmene Mlembi wa Boma wa U.S. George P. Shultz anachitira ndemanga: “Kubadwa kwa Mitundu Yogwirizana motsimikizirika sikunasinthe dziko kukhala paradaiso.”
UN siinapite patsogolo chifukwa chakuti maboma a munthu sanachotsepo zokhumudwitsa zowona ku mtendere: utundu, umbombo, kusauka, ufuko, nkhalwe, ndi kusonkhezera kwa Satana pa dziko. Anthu akumamatira ku maboma amenewa, osati chifukwa chakuti ziyembekezo ziri zowala koma chifukwa chakuti alibe chiyembekezo chabwinopo.—Chivumbulutso 12:12.
Kukhalapo kwa Mitundu Yogwirizana, ndi kuyesayesa kumene anthu ochulukira chotere aika mu iyo, zimasonyeza kuzama kumene anthu a pa dziko lapansi amazindikirira kufunika kwa kusintha. Kusintha kumeneko kudzabwera koma m’njira yosiyana ndi yophulapo kanthu. M’njira yotani?
Ulamuliro Wosatha
Kumbukirani kuti Baibulo limanena kuti padzakhala kokha “maufumu,” otsatizanatsatizana asanu ndi aŵiri, kapena mphamvu zadziko. Palibe mphamvu ya dziko yokulira yomwe ikutchulidwa pambuyo pa zimenezo. Baibulo limanenanso kuti “mfumu yachisanu ndi chitatu [yosakhalitsayo] . . . idzapita ku chiwonongeko.”—Chivumbulutso 17:10, 11.
Koma Baibulo limanenanso kuti pali chiyembekezo chabwino. Limalonjeza kuti chinachake chidzabweretsa mtendere, chilungamo, ndi dziko logwirizana limene anthu akulifuna kwenikwenilo. Ilo limanena kuti: “Ndipo m’masiku a mafumu aja Mulungu wa kumwamba adzaika ufumu woti sudzawonongeka ku nthaŵi zonse . . . Udzaphwanya ndi kutha maufumu [olephera a umunthu] awo onse, nudzakhala chikhalire.”—Danieli 2:44.
Uku kuli kulamulira kumene Yesu analankhula, ndi kumene otsatira ake anakupempherera pamene ananena kuti: “Ufumu wanu udze.” (Mateyu 6:10) Ufumu umenewu siuli kokha kusonkhezera kaamba ka chabwino m’mitima ya anthu. M’malomwake, iwo uli kulamulira kwenikweni kwa kumwamba, kulamulira kwa dziko lapansi kuchokera ku mabwalo a mizimu. Iko kudzasintha njira imene timakhalira pa dziko lapansi.—Chivumbulutso 21:1-4.
Chimene Baibulo limanena ponena za kulamulira kwatsopano kosangalatsa kumeneko, mmene kudzagwirira ntchito, ndi mtendere, chilungamo ndi dziko logwirizana limene ilo lidzatulutsa chidzakhala mutu wa nkhani yathu yotsatira ndi yotsirizira mu mpambowu.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
a Mphamvu zadziko zimenezi zinakambitsiridwa m’makope apapitapa a magazini ino: (1) Igupto, February 1; (2) Asuri, February 15; (3) Babulo, March 1; (4) Medo–Perisiya, March 15; (5) Grisi, April 15; (6) Roma, May 1; (7) Mphamvu ya Dziko ya Anglo–America, May 15.
[Bokosi patsamba 28]
Ukulu wa Nkhondo
Nkhondo ya Dziko II, yomwe inazindikiritsa kuzimiririka kwa Chigwirizano cha Mitundu, inatenga chiŵerengero chodabwitsa cha miyoyo. Encyclopædia Britannica (kufalitsidwa kwa mu 1954) inachitira chitsanzo ukulu wa chiŵerengero cha imfa mwa kupereka chiŵerengero cha imfa ya asirikali mkati mwa nkhondo ku chiŵerengero cha dziko cha mu 1940 cha maiko osiyanasiyana. Pakati pa ziŵerengerozo pali: United States inataikiridwa mu nkhondo munthu mmodzi m’gulu lankhondo pa ziwalo 500 zirizonse za chiŵerengero cha dziko lake cha 1940; China, mmodzi pa 200; United Kingdom, mmodzi pa 150; France, mmodzi pa 200; Japan, mmodzi pa 46 ndi Germany, mmodzi pa 25; ndi U.S.S.R., mmodzi pa 22 aliwonse. Pamene tilingalira kuti minkhole ya anthu wamba kaŵirikaŵiri inapitirira kutaikiridwa kwa magulu ankhondo, tingawone mofulumira mmene kuyesayesa kwa munthu kwalephereradi kubweretsa mtendere weniweni ndi chisungiko.
[Chithunzi patsamba 26]
‘Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwa UN, anthu mamiliyoni makumi aŵiri amwalira mu nkhondo, nsonga yodzutsa chisoni yochitira umboni kulephera kumeneko.’—“Nation Against Nation,” lolembedwa ndi Thomas M. Franck