Kodi Yesu Anabadwa m’Nthaŵi ya Chipale?

“CHIPALE Chochuluka Chikudodometsa [Magalimoto Kuyenda ndi Kuvutitsa Umoyo] Jerusalem” ndipo “Nyengo Zazitali za Kugwa kwa Chipale Zivutitsa Umoyo Kumpoto.” Mitu yankhani yotero mu The Jerusalem Post inakhala yozoloŵereka kwa oŵerenga ake mu Israel mu 1992, m’nyengo imene inakhaladi imodzi ya nyengo zachisanu zovuta koposa m’zaka za zana lino mu Israel.

Podzafika m’January, nsonga ya phiri la Hermon inaphimbidwa ndi chipale chokhuthala mamita 7 mpaka 12, ndipo chisanucho chinali kutali ndi kutha. Kuyambira kumapiri a Golan Heights ndi ku Upper Galilee mpaka kutsika kupyola Jerusalem ndi pafupi ndi Bethlehem (akuwoneka pachikuto), ngakhale kufikira kummwera kuloŵa m’Negeb, mobwerezabwereza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zochitika mu Israel zinali kudodometsedwa ndi nyengo yabata ndi yofeŵa, koma yovutitsa. Nkhani ina ya mu Jerusalem Post inafotokoza kuti: “Kugwa kwa chipale kwakukulu dzulo kunakhoza kuchita zimene zinalepheredwa ndi maroketi [amabomba otchedwa] Katyusha mlungu watha, kutsekereza malo okhalamo anthu ndi kukakamiza okhalamo kusatuluka m’nyumba zawo.”

Chisanu chokakala chimenecho chinadzetsa tsoka pa zoposa nzika za mzindawo. Kunadza malipoti mazana ambiri a ng’ombe pamodzi ndi ana a ng’ombe, limodzinso ndi zikwi zambiri za nkhuku, zimene zinaundana ndi kufa pamene kuzizira kwa usiku kunapyola kwambiri pamlingo woundanitsa madzi. Kuwonjezera pa chipalecho, mvula yochuluka yozizira kwambiri inadzetsanso imfa. Tsiku lina, anyamata aŵiri abusa, mwachionekere poyesayesa kupulumutsa zina za nkhosa zawo zimene zinatengedwa ndi madzi osefukira, iwo eniwo anatengedwa ndi madzi amphamvu namira.

Ngakhale kuti chimenechi chinali chisanu chachilendo m’Middle East, magazini a ku Israel otchedwa Eretz anasimba kuti: “Chidziŵitso cha mkhalidwe ndi kayendedwe ka mphepo chimene chasonkhanitsidwa ndi kulembedwa m’dziko la Israel kwa zaka 130 zapitazo chimasonyeza kuti chipale m’Jerusalem chili chochitika chofala kwambiri kuposa ndi mmene anthu angaganizire . . . Pakati pa 1949 ndi 1980, mzinda wa Jerusalem unali ndi nyengo zachisanu za chipale zokwanira makumi aŵiri ndi zinayi.” Koma kodi zimenezi zinali chabe kaamba ka kudziŵa za mkhalidwe ndi kayendedwe ka mphepo ndi kupeza chidziŵitso kwa anthu, kapena kodi zili ndi tanthauzo lapadera kwa ophunzira Baibulo?

Kodi Zili ndi Tanthauzo Lanji kwa Ophunzira Baibulo?

Polingalira za kubadwa kwa Yesu, anthu ambiri amayerekezera chochitika chochititsa chidwi m’maganizo mwawo cha modyera ziŵeto chosonyezedwa kaŵirikaŵiri panthaŵi ya Krisimasi. Amaona khandalo Yesu lili chigonere mmenemo, lokulungidwa m’nsalu mofunda, likuyang’aniridwa ndi amake, kunjako kuli chipale chofeŵa chitakuta malo ozungulira. Kodi lingaliro lofala limeneli limagwirizana ndi malongosoledwe a Baibulo a chochitika chofunika kwambiri cha m’mbiri chimenechi?

Wolemba Baibulo Luka akusimba nkhani yolembedwa mosamalitsa ya kubadwa kwa Yesu kuti: “Ndipo panali abusa m’dziko lomwelo, okhala kubusa ndi kuyang’anira zoŵeta zawo usiku. Ndipo mngelo wa [Yehova, NW] anaimirira pa awo, ndi kuŵala kwa [Yehova, NW] kunawaunikira kozungulira: ndipo anawopa ndi mantha aakulu. Ndipo mngelo anati kwa iwo, Musawope; pakuti onani, ndikuuzani inu uthenga wabwino wa chikondwero chachikulu, chimene chidzakhala kwa anthu onse; pakuti wakubadwirani inu lero, m’mudzi wa Davide [Betelehemu], Mpulumutsi, amene ali Kristu Ambuye. Ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa inu: Mudzapeza mwana wakhanda wokuta ndi nsalu atagona modyera. Ndipo dzidzidzi panali pamodzi ndi mngeloyo ambirimbiri a gulu la kumwamba, natamanda Mulungu, nanena, Ulemerero ukhale kwa Mulungu Kumwambamwamba, ndi mtendere pansi pano mwa anthu amene akondwera nawo.”​—Luka 2:8-14.

Ngati mukanati muŵerengere munthu wa ku Israel nkhani imeneyi lerolino ndi kumfunsa kuti ndinthaŵi iti yachaka pamene zimenezi ziyenera kukhala zitachitika, mwachionekere adzayankha kuti, “Pakati pa April ndi October.” Chifukwa ninji? Yankho nlosavuta. Kuyambira m’November mpaka m’March, mu Israel imakhala nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula, ndipo December 25 imakhaladi m’nthaŵi yachisanu. Sikukanatheka kwa abusa kumakhala kubusa, akumayang’anira nkhosa zawo m’minda nthaŵi yausiku. Polingalira malipotiwo kuchiyambi kwa nkhani ino, mungazindikire bwino chifukwa chake. Betelehemu, kumene Yesu anabadwira, ali kumalo okwezeka ndipo ali pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera ku Yerusalemu. Ngakhale m’zaka zimene mphepo simazizira kwambiri, kumakhalabe kozizira kumeneko usiku m’chisanu.​—Mika 5:2; Luka 2:15.

Kuyang’ana m’mbiri panthaŵi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu kumapatsa chidziŵitso pa chenicheni chakuti iye sanabadwe m’nthaŵi ya chipale m’December. Amayi wa Yesu, Mariya, ngakhale kuti mimba yake inali itakula, anayenda ulendo wochokera kumudzi wa kwawo ku Nazarete kumka ku Betelehemu. Iye ndi Yosefe anachita zimenezo kuti akwaniritse chofunika cha lamulo la kulembetsa kwa anthu loperekedwa ndi wolamulira wa Roma Kaisara Augusto. (Luka 2:1-7) Anthu Achiyuda, amene anali okwiya ndi ulamuliro Wachiroma ndi kukhometsa kwake misonkho yokwera, anali kale pafupi kupanduka. Kodi nchifukwa ninji boma la Roma likanafuna kuwaputa mosafunikira mwa kulamula ambiri kuyenda ulendo wokadzilembetsa m’nyengo yovuta kwambiri ndipo ngakhale yaupandu ya chisanu? Kodi sikwanzeru kulingalira kuti lamulolo linaperekedwa m’nyengo imene kuyenda kunali kosavuta, monga ngati m’chilimwe kapena m’phukuto?

Kuŵerengera Kozikidwa pa Baibulo

Umboni wa m’mbiri ndi wa zochitika zooneka umatsutsa December, kapena mwezi uliwonse wa m’chisanu, kukhala wogwirizana ndi zolembedwa za kubadwa kwa Yesu. Ndiponso, Baibulo limavumbula kupyolera muulosi nthaŵi ya m’chaka pamene Yesu anabadwa. Kodi ndipati pamene limanena zimenezo?

M’buku la Danieli, chaputala 9, timapeza umodzi wa maulosi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri wonena za Mesiya. Umafotokoza za kubwera kwake ndi kudulidwa kwake mu imfa, kumene kunatheketsa nsembe ya dipo yolipirira uchimo ndi kukhazikitsa maziko kaamba ka anthu omvera opezera “chilungamo chosalekeza.” (Danieli 9:24-27; yerekezerani ndi Mateyu 20:28.) Malinga ndi ulosi umenewu, zonsezi zikakwaniritsidwa mkati mwa nyengo ya masabata 70 a zaka, kuyambira m’chaka cha 455 B.C.E., pamene lamulo linaperekedwa la kumanganso Yerusalemu.a (Nehemiya 2:1-11) Mwa kupenda kugaŵidwa kwa nthaŵi muulosi umenewu, tikhoza kuzindikira kuti Mesiya akaonekera kuchiyambi kwa sabata la 70 la zaka. Izi zinachitika pamene Yesu anadzipereka yekha kuubatizo mu 29 C.E., akumayamba mwalamulo ntchito yake Yaumesiya. “Pakati pa sabata,” kapena pambuyo pa zaka zitatu ndi theka, Mesiya akadulidwa mu imfa, mwa kutero akumathetsa kufunika kwa nsembe zonse za pangano la Chilamulo cha Mose.​—Ahebri 9:11-15; 10:1-10.

Ulosi umenewu umasonyeza kuti utali wa utumiki wa Yesu unali zaka zitatu ndi theka. Yesu anafa pa Paskha, Nisani 14 (malinga ndi kalenda ya Chiyuda), m’ngululu ya 33 C.E. Deti lofanana la chaka chimenecho likakhala April 1. (Mateyu 26:2) Kuŵerenga mobwerera m’mbuyo zaka zitatu ndi theka kumaika ubatizo wake mu 29 C.E. kuchiyambi kwa October. Luka akutidziŵitsa kuti Yesu anali wazaka pafupifupi 30 paubatizo wake. (Luka 3:21-23) Zimenezi zikatanthauza kuti kubadwa kwa Yesu kunalinso cha kuchiyambi kwa October. Mogwirizana ndi cholembedwa cha Luka, abusawo panthaŵiyo ya chaka akanakhala adakali kukhalabe “kubusa ndi kuyang’anira zoŵeta zawo usiku.”​—Luka 2:8.

Kodi Zinachokera Kumagwero Otani?

Popeza kuti umboni umasonyeza kuchiyambi kwa October kukhala nthaŵi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu, kodi nchifukwa ninji kumachitiridwa phwando lake pa December 25? The New Encyclopædia Britannica imasonyeza kuti phwando limeneli linatengeredwa pambuyo pa zaka mazana ambiri Yesu atabadwa, ikumati: “Mkati mwa zaka za zana [lachinayi] kuchita phwando la kubadwa kwa Kristu pa December 25 kunatengeredwa pang’onopang’ono ndi matchalitchi ochuluka a Kummaŵa. Mu Yerusalemu, kutsutsa Krisimasi kunakhalapobe kwanthaŵi yotalikirapo, koma m’kupita kwanthaŵi kunalandiridwa.”

Kodi nchifukwa ninji mwambowo unalandiridwa mosavuta kwambiri ndi awo odzitcha Akristu zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pa Kristu? The New Encyclopædia Britannica ikupereka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka pankhaniyi kuti: “Miyambo yogwirizanitsidwa ndi Krisimasi inachokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana monga zochitika mwamalunji patsiku la phwando la kubadwa kwa Kristu ndi la mapwando a malimidwe ndi a dzuŵa achikunja ochitidwa pakati pa nyengo yachisanu. M’dziko Lachiroma, Saturnalia (December 17) inali nthaŵi ya kusangalala ndi kupatsana mphatso. Deti la December 25 linaonedwanso kukhala tsiku lakubadwa la mulungu wachinsinsi wa Iran wotchedwa Mithra, Dzuŵa la Chilungamo.”

Kodi zonsezi zinalidi “zochitika mwamalunji”? Kutalitali! Chili chochitika chenicheni cha m’mbiri kuti m’zaka za zana lachinayi C.E., pansi pa Wolamulira Constantine, Ulamuliro Wachiroma unasintha kwambiri kuleka kukhala wozunza Chikristu ndi kukhala wochirikiza “Chikristu” monga chipembedzo chovomerezedwa. Pamene anthu owonjezereka, amene analibe chidziŵitso choyambirira cha tanthauzo lenileni la Chikristu, anatengera chikhulupiriro chatsopano chimenechi, anayamba kuchita mapwando awo achikunja ozoloŵereka ndi kuwatcha maina aulemu “Achikristu” opezedwa chatsopano. Nanga ndideti liti limene likanakhala loyenerera kwambiri kuchita phwando la kubadwa kwa Kristu koposa December 25, limene linadziŵika kale kukhala deti la kubadwa kwa “Dzuŵa la Chilungamo”?

Kodi Zili Nkanthu?

Pali chifukwa chochepa chokaikirira kuti otsatira oyambirira a Yesu, amene anali Ayuda, sanachite phwando la kubadwa kwake. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Encyclopaedia Judaica, “kuchita mapwando a tsiku lakubadwa nkosadziŵika m’mwambo Wachiyuda.” Akristu oyambirira sakanatengera konse phwando loterolo. Mmalo mwa kuchita phwando la kubadwa kwake, iwo anasunga lamulo la Yesu la kukumbukira imfa yake, limene linali ndi deti losatsutsika, ndilo Nisani 14.​—Luka 22:7, 15, 19, 20; 1 Akorinto 11:23-26.

Zaka mazana ambiri Kristu asanakhalepo, anthu Achiyuda, amene panthaŵiyo anali mtundu wosankhidwa wa Mulungu, anachenjezedwa mwaulosi ponena za kutha kwa undende wawo m’Babulo kuti: “Chokani inu, chokani inu, tulukani ku Babulo; musakhudze kanthu kodetsa; tulukani pakati pake, khalani okonzeka, inu amene munyamula zotengera za Yehova.” (Yesaya 52:11) Iwo anafunikira kubwerera kudziko lakwawo kukakhazikitsanso kulambira koyera kwa Yehova. Kukakhala kupanda nzeru kwa iwo kutengera miyambo yachikunja ndi mitundu ya kulambira imene anaona m’Babulo.

Mosadabwitsa, lamulo limodzimodzili likubwerezedwa kwa Akristu pa 2 Akorinto 6:14-18. Mmalo mwa mtundu Wachiyuda umene unakana Kristu, otsatira ake anakhala oimira kulambira koyera. Iwo anali ndi thayo la kuthandiza ena kutuluka mumdima wauzimu ndi kuloŵa m’kuunika kwa chowonadi. (1 Petro 2:9, 10) Kodi iwo akanakhoza bwanji kuchita zimenezi ngati akanaphatikiza pamodzi ziphunzitso za Kristu ndi miyambo ndi maholide zochokera kuchikunja?

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri angakuone kukhala koyenera, kuchita phwando lokondwerera “Krisimasi Yachipale” kumachititsa ‘kukhudza kanthu kodetsa.’ (2 Akorinto 6:17) Munthu amene amakondadi Mulungu ndi Kristu ayenera kulipeŵa.

Kuwonjezera pamfundo yakuti iyo inachokera kumapwando achikunja, taonanso kuti Krisimasi siimaimira chowonadi, popeza kuti Yesu anabadwa mu October. Inde, mosasamala kanthu za chithunzithunzi chimene chingabwere m’maganizo a munthu, chowonadi nchakuti Yesu sanabadwe m’nthaŵi ya chipale.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi pamasamba 4, 5]

Jerusalem wokutidwa ndi chipale, mmene amaonekera mutaima kummaŵa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Garo Nalbandian

[Chithunzi patsamba 6]

Chipale m’mbali mwa linga la Jerusalem

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

M’nyengo yotentha mokha ndimmene abusa angakhale kunja usiku ndi ziŵeto zawo m’matanthwe a m’mbali mwa mapiri, monga momwe pakuwonekera pansipa

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Garo Nalbandian