Kuteteza Uthenga Wabwino Mwalamulo

KWANTHAŴI yonse imene munthu wakhala akumanga mizinda, wakhalanso akumanga makoma. Makamaka masiku akale, makoma amenewo ankateteza. Anthu ankaima pamwamba pa khomalo, namaliteteza molimbana ndi adani ofuna kuligwetsa kapena kuliboola. Si anthu okhawo okhala mumzindawo amene ankatetezeka komanso ena okhala m’matauni apafupi ndi makomawo.​—2 Samueli 11:20-24; Yesaya 25:12.

Momwemonso, Mboni za Yehova zinamanga khoma​—khoma lalamulo​—lotetezera. A Mboni sanamange khomali ncholinga chodzilekanitsa ndi anthu onse, popeza kuti a Mboni za Yehova amadziŵika monga anthu okonda kucheza ndi anthu anzawo. Koma limangolimbikitsa maboma kupatsa anthu ufulu woyenera anthu onse. Ndiponso, limatetezera ufulu wa Mboni mwalamulo kuti azilambira momasuka. (Yerekezerani ndi Mateyu 5:14-16.) Ndiponso, khomalo lapangitsa olamulira kutsimikiza kupatsanso anthu ena onse ufulu pazinthu zambiri. Kodi khomalo nchiyani, ndipo linamangidwa bwanji?

Kumanga Khoma Loteteza Mwalamulo

Ngakhale kuti a Mboni za Yehova m’maiko ambiri ali ndi ufulu wakulambira, m’maiko ena amaukiridwa popanda chifukwa chomveka. Ngati anthu ayamba kuwalanda ufulu wawo wakulambira, kuti asasonkhane pamodzi kapena kuti asakalalikire kukhomo ndi khomo, a Mboni amakasuma. Padziko lonse milandu yam’khoti yokhudza a Mboni njambirimbiri.a Pamilandu yonseyo, ina amailephera. Koma ngati makhoti aang’ono agamula kuti a Mboni ngolakwadi, a Mboni amakasuma kumakhoti aakulu. Ndiye kumeneko zimathako bwanji?

Kwa zaka makumi angapo m’zaka zino za zana la 20, milandu imene a Mboni za Yehova anapambana m’maiko ambiri yakhala zitsanzo zimene amatchula monga umboni pamilandu inanso imene amaimbidwa. Monga mmene njerwa kapena miyala imamangira khoma, momwemonso zigamulo zabwino zimenezi zimakhala lamulo loteteza ngati khoma. A Mboni amaima pamwamba pa khoma limeneli nkumamenyera ufulu wawo wakulambira.

Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani mlandu wa a Murdock potsutsana ndi Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, womwe unagamulidwa ndi bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu la Supreme Court, ku United States, pa May 3, 1943. Funso limene linafunsidwa pamlanduwo linali lakuti: Kodi a Mboni za Yehova ayenera kukhala ndi chikalata chachilolezo chogulitsira mabuku awo achipembedzo? A Mboni za Yehova ankanena kuti safunikira kukhala nacho. Ntchito yawo yolalikira si yamalonda​—ndipo sanaichitepo mwamalonda. Cholinga chawo si chopeza ndalama, koma cholalikira uthenga wabwino. (Mateyu 10:8; 2 Akorinto 2:17) Pogamula mlandu wa a Murdock, Oweruza anagwirizana ndi a Mboni, kunena kuti kulipira msonkho kuti akhale ndi chikalata chogulitsira mabuku si kwalamulo.b Chigamulo chimenecho chinali chofunika kwambiri chifukwa chinakhala ngati maziko, ndipo a Mboni akhala akuchigwiritsa ntchito monga umboni wawo pamilandu ina yambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Chigamulo cha mlandu wa a Murdock chakhala ngati njerwa yolimba pakhoma loteteza.

Milandu ngati imeneyo yathandiza kwambiri pakuteteza ufulu wa anthu onse wakulambira. Ponena za mmene a Mboni athandizira pakuteteza ufulu wa anthu onse ku United States, University of Cincinnati Law Review, inati: “A Mboni athandizira kwambiri pakusinthitsa lamulo ladziko, makamaka mwa kupangitsa ufulu wakulankhula ndi wachipembedzo kutetezedwa kwambiri.”

Kulimbitsa Khomalo

Mlandu uliwonse umene a Mboni amapambana, khomalo limalimbiralimbira. Taganizani za milandu ina ingapo imene inagamulidwa m’ma 1990 yomwe inapindulitsa a Mboni za Yehova, ngakhalenso ndi anthu ena onse okonda ufulu padziko lonse.

Greece. Pa May 25, 1993, oweruza milandu ya za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, a European Court of Human Rights, anachirikiza nzika ina ya ku Greece kuti inali ndi ufulu wakuphunzitsa ena zomwe iye amakhulupirira pachipembedzo chake. Mlanduwo unali wokhudza a Minos Kokkinakis, omwe panthaŵiyo anali ndi zaka 84. Monga wa Mboni za Yehova, a Kokkinakis anamangidwapo kwa nthaŵi zoposa 60 kuyambira mu 1938, ndipo analamulidwapo kukaonekera nthaŵi 18 m’mabwalo amilandu a ku Greece, ndiponso anakhalapo m’ndende kwa zaka zoposa zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ankamangidwa makamaka chifukwa choswa lamulo la Greece la m’ma 1930 loletsa kutembenuza anthu azipembedzo zina​—lamulo limenelo linapangitsa ena a Mboni za Yehova pafupifupi 20,000 kumangidwa kuyambira m’1938 mpaka m’1992. Bwalo la Milandu la European Court linagamula kuti boma la Greece linali litapondereza ufulu wakulambira wa a Kokkinakis, ndiye anawalipira ndalama zokwana $14,400. Pogamula mlanduwo, Oweruza mlanduwo anati a Mboni za Yehova alidi “chipembedzo chodziŵika.”​—Onani Nsanja ya Olonda ya September 1, 1993, masamba 27-31.

Mexico. Pa July 16, 1992, ku Mexico anachita mbali yaikulu pakuteteza ufulu wakulambira. Padeti limenelo, anaika lamulo lokhudza mabungwe achipembedzo ndi la kulambira poyera, Law of Religious Associations and Public Worship. Mwa lamulo limeneli, gulu lachipembedzo lingavomerezedwe mwalamulo monga chipembedzo chokhazikitsidwa mwa kulembetsa zikalata zofunika. Kale, a Mboni za Yehova, monganso a zipembedzo zina za m’dziko, ankangokhala koma osazindikiridwa ndi boma. Pa April 13, 1993, a Mboni anakalembetsa m’kaundula. Mwamwayi, pa May 7, 1993, anavomerezedwa mwalamulo, kukhala La Torre del Vigia, A. R. ndi Los Testigos de Jehova en Mexico, A. R., onse ali mabungwe achipembedzo.​—Onani Galamukani! yachingelezi, ya July 22, 1994, masamba 12-14.

Brazil. Mu 1990, bungwe la ku Brazil, losamala za anthu, la National Institute of Social Security (INSS) linadziŵitsa ofesi yanthambi ya Watch Tower Society kuti atumiki odzifunira a pa Beteli (dzina la maofesi anthambi za Mboni za Yehova) sadzaonedwanso monga atumiki achipembedzo koma adzayamba kuonedwa monga antchito olipidwa. A Mboni anapita nayo nkhaniyo kubwalo lalikulu lamilandu. Pa June 7, 1996, bungwe lolangiza pamilandu, la Judicial Advisory of the Office of the Attorney General, ku Brasilia, linagamula kuti atumiki odzifunira a pa Beteli akhale monga mamembala a gulu lachipembedzo lovomerezeka, osati monga antchito olembedwa.

Japan. Pa March 8, 1996, bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu la Supreme Court ku Japan linagamula nkhani yamaphunziro ndi yaufulu wakulambira​—zimenezo zinapindulitsa aliyense ku Japan. Oweruza anagwirizana chimodzi nkugamula kuti sukulu ya Kobe Municipal Industrial Technical College inaswa lamulo mwa kuchotsa Kunihito Kobayashi pasukulu chifukwa chokana kuchita nawo maphunziro a zomenyana. Kameneka kanali koyamba kuti bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu la Supreme Court ligamule mlandu mochirikiza ufulu wakulambira woikidwa ndi boma la Japan. Wa Mboni wachinyamata ameneyu, poti chikumbumtima chake chinaphunzitsidwa Baibulo, anaona kuti maseŵera amenewo anali osagwirizana ndi mapulinsipulo a Baibulo, monga limene lili pa Yesaya 2:4, kuti: “Adzasula malupanga awo akhale zolimira, ndi nthungo zawo zikhale anangwape; mtundu sudzanyamula lupanga kumenyana ndi mtundu wina, ndipo sadzaphunziranso nkhondo.” Chigamulo chimenecho chinakhala ngati maziko oweruzira milandu ina m’tsogolo.​—Onani Nsanja ya Olonda ya November 1, 1996, masamba 19-21.

Pa February 9, 1998, bwalo lalikulu lamilandu la Tokyo High Court linagamula mlandu mwanjira imene inasinthitsa zinthu mwa kugwirizana ndi zofuna mtima wa Mboni ina yotchedwa Misae Takeda, yemwe anakana kulandira mankhwala osagwirizana ndi lamulo la Baibulo la ‘kusala mwazi.’ (Machitidwe 15:28, 29) Mlanduwo anapita nawo ku bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu, la Supreme Court, ndiye akudikira kuona ngati bwalo lapamwambalo lidzagwirizana ndi zimene bwalo lalikululo linagamula.

Philippines. Pamlandu wina womwe unagamulidwa pa March 1, 1993, oweruza a bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu la Philippine Supreme Court anavomerezana nkugamula mogwirizana ndi a Mboni za Yehova pamlandu wokhudza ana a Mboni omwe anachotsedwa sukulu chifukwa anakana mwaulemu kuchitira mbendera sawatcha.

Chigamulo chilichonse chimene oweruza agamula bwino chili ngati mwala wina kapena njerwa ina yolimbitsira khoma loteteza ufulu wa Mboni za Yehova limodzi ndi wa enanso.

Kuteteza Khomalo

A Mboni za Yehova m’maiko 153 analembetsa mwalamulo m’kaundula, ndipo ali ndi ufulu waukulu, monga mmene zilili zipembedzo zinanso zodziŵika. Pambuyo pazaka makumi angapo za kuzunzidwa ndi kuletsedwa ku Eastern Europe ndiponso m’dziko limene kale linali Soviet Union, a Mboni za Yehova tsopano akudziŵika mwalamulo m’maiko onga Albania, Belarus, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, ndi Slovakia. Komabe, m’maiko enanso lero, kuphatikizapo maiko a ku Western Europe omwe ali ndi malamulo achikhalire, ufulu wa Mboni za Yehova umaponderezedwa kapena kungowalanda ufulu wawo. Otsutsa akulimbikira ‘kuvutitsa’ a Mboni. (Salmo 94:20) Kodi a Mboniwo amatani?c

A Mboni za Yehova amafuna kugwirizana ndi maboma onse, komanso amafuna kukhala ndi ufulu mwalamulo kuti azilambira bwino. Amakhulupirira kuti malamulo alionse kapena zigamulo zilizonse zimene zingawaletse kumvera malamulo a Mulungu​—kuphatikizapo lamulo lakulalikira​—ndi zosayenera. (Marko 13:10) Kugwirizana mwamtendere kukalephereka, a Mboni za Yehova amaikokabe nkhaniyo kukafika nayo kumabwalo akuluakulu amilandu kuti akapemphe kutetezedwa mwalamulo, kuti azilambira mwaufulu umene Mulungu anawapatsa. A Mboni za Yehova amakhulupirira ndi mtima wonse lonjezo la Mulungu lakuti: “Palibe chida chosulidwira iwe chidzapindula.”​—Yesaya 54:17.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 21]

Kuteteza Ufulu wa Mboni za Yehova

Anthu akamazunza a Mboni za Yehova, amafikira pakuwatengera kwa oweruza ndi kwa akuluakulu a boma padziko lonse. (Luka 21:12, 13) A Mboni za Yehova sananyalanyazepo ngakhale pang’ono kuteteza ufulu wawo mwalamulo. Milandu yokhudza a Mboni za Yehova yomwe oweruza amagamula bwino m’maiko ambiri, yathandiza kuteteza ufulu wawo wa:

◻ kulalikira kukhomo ndi khomo popanda kulipitsidwa msonkho ngati ogulitsa malonda​—Murdock ndi Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, U.S. Supreme Court (1943); Kokkinakis ndi Greece, bwalo lamilandu la European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (1993).

◻ wakusonkhana pamodzi​—Manoussakis limodzi ndi ena, kutsutsana ndi Greece, ECHR (1996).

◻ kudzisankhira mmene angalemekezere mbendera yadziko mosatsutsana ndi chikumbumtima chawo​—Bungwe la zamaphunziro la West Virginia, kutsutsana ndi Barnette, bwalo lapamwamba la Supreme Court, ku U.S., (1943); bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu la Supreme Court of the Philippines (1993); bwalo lapamwamba lamilandu la Supreme Court of India (1986).

◻ kukana kupita kunkhondo chifukwa chotsutsidwa ndi chikumbumtima chawo chachikristu​—Georgiadis kutsutsana ndi Greece, ECHR (1997).

◻ kusankha mankhwala amene chikumbumtima chawo chimavomereza​—Malette kutsutsana ndi Shulman, Ontario, Canada, Appeal Court (1990); Watch Tower kutsutsana ndi E.L.A., Bwalo lamilandu, la Superior Court, San Juan, Puerto Rico (1995);

◻ kulera ana awo malinga ndi chikhulupiriro chawo cha m’Baibulo ngakhale pamene chikhulupirirocho chimatsutsidwa pamilandu yokhudza ana, pamene makolo akulekana​—St-Laurent kutsutsana ndi Soucy, Bwalo Lapamwamba lamilandu, la Supreme Court of Canada (1997); Hoffmann kutsutsana ndi Austria, ECHR (1993).

◻ kukhala ndi mabungwe ovomerezedwa mwalamulo omwe sakhometsedwa msonkho monga mmene zilili ndi mabungwe ena onse achipembedzo odziŵika​—Anthu kutsutsana ndi Haring, New York, U.S.A., Bwalo lamilandu, la Court of Appeals (1960).

◻ kuganiziridwa pankhani ya msonkho wa anthu ogwira ntchito nthaŵi zonse muutumiki wapadera monga ena onse ogwira ntchito nthaŵi zonse mu utumiki wapadera m’zipembedzo zina.​—Bungwe losamala za anthu la Brazil’s National Institute of Social Security, Brasília, (1996).

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

A Minos Kokkinakis ndi akazi awo

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Kunihito Kobayashi

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 19]

The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/​J. G. Heck