Kawonedwe Kanu ka Moyo kamayambukira Moyo Wanu
“Munthuyo nakhala wamoyo.”—GENESIS 2:7.
1, 2. Kodi zipembedzo zambiri zimakhulupiriranji ponena za munthu ndi moyo?
CHIFUPIFUPI zipembedzo zonse zimaphunzitsa kuti munthu ali ndi moyo (soul) wosakhoza kufa. New Catholic Encyclopedia ikuti moyo “umalengedwa ndi Mulungu ndi kuikidwa m’thupi pa kutenga mimba.” Imanenanso kuti chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa “ndicho chimodzi cha maziko” a matchalitchi a Dziko Lachikristu. Mofananamo, “lingaliro Lachisilamu,” ikulongosola motero The New Encyclopædia Britannica, “limachilikiza kuti moyo umakhalako pa nthaŵi imodzi ndi thupi; pambuyo pake, umakhala ndi moyo wakewake, kugwirizana kwake ndi thupi kumakhala mkhalidwe wa kanthaŵi.”
2 Zipembedzo zoterozo zimakhulupirira kuti moyo umachoka m’thupi pa nthaŵi yakufa ndi kukhalabe kosatha, malo ake omalizira akumakhala kumwamba, kukakhala kwakanthaŵi mu purigatoriyo, kapena chizunzo chosatha m’helo wamoto. Imfa imawonedwa monga khomo lopitira ku moyo wosatha m’dziko lamizimu. Monga mmene mlembi wina ananenera m’bukhu lakuti We Believe in Immortality: “Ndimawona Imfa kukhala chochitika chachikulu ndipo chaulemerero. Ndimawona Imfa kukhala kukwezedwa kwaumulungu.”
3. Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri chikhulupiriro cha zipembedzo zambiri za Kum’mawa?
3 Ahindu, Abuda, ndi ena amakhulupirira za kusamuka kwa moyo. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo chikhulupiriro chakuti pa imfa moyo umadziveka thupi lanyama, kubadwanso monga munthu wina kapena chamoyo china. Ngati munthu anali wabwino, zikunenedwa kuti moyo wake umabadwanso monga munthu wa malo apamwamba. Koma ngati anali woipa, amabadwanso monga munthu wa malo otsika kapena mwina monga nyama kapena kachirombo.
4, 5. Kodi nchifukwa ninji chiri chofunika kudziŵa chowonadi ponena za moyo?
4 Komabe, kodi bwanji ngati anthu alibe moyo wosakhoza kufa? Kodi bwanji ngati imfa siiri “kukwezedwa kwaumulungu,” ngati siiri khomo lamwamsanga lopitira ku moyo wauzimu wosatha kapena kudziveka thupi lanyama kwa onse akufa? Pamenepo chikhulupiriro cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chingatsogoze wina kumalo olakwika. Bukhu lakuti Official Catholic Teachings likunena kuti tchalitchi chimaumirira pa chikhulupiriro cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chifukwa chakuti kusachikhulupirira “kukapangitsa mapemphero ake, miyambo yake ya maliro ndi machitachita a chipembedzo operekedwa kwa akufa kukhala opanda tanthauzo kapena opanda nzeru.” Chotero njira ya munthu ya moyo, kulambira, ndi mtsogolo mosatha zikuloŵetsedwamo.—Miyambo 14:12; Mateyu 15:9.
5 Nchofunika kwambiri kudziŵa chowonadi ponena za chikhulupiriro chimenechi. Yesu anati: “Omlambira Iye [Mulungu] ayenera kumlambira mumzimu ndi m’chowonadi.” (Yohane 4:24) Chowonadi chonena za moyo wamunthu chikupezeka m’Mawu a Mulungu, Baibulo. Malemba ouziridwawo ali ndi chivumbulutso cha Mulungu cha zifuno zake, chotero tingakhale ndichidaliro kuti amatiuza chowonadi. (1 Atesalonika 2:13; 2 Timoteo 3:16, 17) Yesu ananena m’pemphero kwa Mulungu kuti: “Mawu anu ndi chowonadi.”—Yohane 17:17.
Kulengedwa Ndi Moyo Wosakhoza Kufa?
6. Kodi cholembera cha Genesis chimatiuzanji momvekera ponena za chilengedwe cha munthu?
6 Genesis 2:7 akutiuza kuti: “Ndipo Yehova Mulungu anaumba munthu ndi dothi lapansi, nauzira mpweya wa moyo m’mphuno mwake; munthuyo nakhala wamoyo.” Cholembedwacho sichikunena kuti Mulungu anaika mwa munthu moyo wosakhoza kufa. Chikunena kuti pamene mphamvu ya Mulungu inapatsa nyonga thupi la Adamu, iye ‘anakhala wamoyo.’ Chotero munthu ndiye moyo (soul). Iye alibe moyo (soul).
7. Kodi nchifukwa ninji anthu anaikidwa pa dziko lapansi?
7 Mulungu analenga Adamu kuti akhale pa dziko lapansi, osati kumwamba. Dziko lapansi silinayenera kukhala malo oyesera kuwona ngati Adamu anali woyenerera kupita kumwamba. Mulungu anapanga dziko lapansi kuti “akhalemo anthu,” ndipo Adamu anali munthu woyamba kukhalamo. (Yesaya 45:18; 1 Akorinto 15:45) Pambuyo pake, pamene Mulungu analenga Hava monga mkazi wa Adamu, chifuno cha Mulungu kaamba ka iwo chinali chakuti achuluke ndi kudzaza dziko lapansi ndi kulipanga kukhala paradaiso monga mudzi wosatha wa mtundu wa anthu.—Genesis 1:26-31; Salmo 37:29.
8. (a) Kodi kukhalapo kwa Adamu kunadalira pa chiyani? (b) Ngati Adamu akanapanda kuchimwa, kodi iye akanapitiriza kukhala kuti?
8 Palibe paliponse pamene Baibulo limanena kuti mbali ina ya Adamu inali yosakhoza kufa. Mosiyanako, kukhalapo kwake kunali kodalira pa chinachake, kozikidwa pa chimvero ku lamulo la Mulungu. Ngati anaswa lamulo limenelo, kodi nchiyani chikachitika? Moyo wamuyaya m’dziko lamizimu? Kutalitali. M’malo mwake, iye ‘akafa ndithu.’ (Genesis 2:17) Iye akabwerera kumene anachokera: “Ndiwe fumbi, ndi kufumbiko udzabwerera.” (Genesis 2:7; 3:19) Adamu sanakhaleko asanalengedwe, ndipo sakakhalako atafa. Chotero anali ndi zosankha ziŵiri zokha: (1) kumvera ndi moyo kapena (2) kusamvera ndi imfa. Ngati Adamu sadachimwa, akadakhala pa dziko lapansi kosatha. Sakadapita konse kumwamba.
9. Kodi Baibulo molondola limaitcha imfa kukhala chiyani, ndipo nchifukwa ninji?
9 Adamu sanamvere, ndipo anafa. (Genesis 5:5) Imfa ndiyo inali chilango chake. Siinali khomo lopitira ku “chochitika chaulemerero” koma khomo lopitira ku kusakhalako. Chotero, imfa siiri bwenzi koma chimene Baibulo limaitcha, “mdani.” (1 Akorinto 15:26) Ngati Adamu akadakhala ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa umene ukanapita kumwamba ngati anali womvera, pamenepo imfa ikadakhala dalitso. Koma sizinali tero. Inali temberero. Ndipo ndi kuchimwa kwa Adamu, temberero la imfa linafalikira kwa anthu onse chifukwa chakuti onse ali mbadwa zake.—Aroma 5:12.
10. Kodi ndi vuto lalikulu lotani limene limabuka m’kukhulupirira kuti Adamu anali ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa?
10 Kuwonjezerapo, ngati Adamu analengedwa ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa umene ukanazunzidwa kosatha m’helo wamoto ngati anachimwa, kodi nchifukwa ninji sanachenjezedwe za zimenezi? Kodi nchifukwa ninji anangouzidwa kuti akafa ndi kubwerera ku fumbi? Kukanakhala kuchitira moipa kotani nanga kuweruza Adamu ku chizunzo chosatha chifukwa cha kusamvera, popanda kumchenjeza za izo! Komabe, Mulungu ndi “wopanda chisalungamo.” (Deuteronomo 32:4) Panalibe chifukwa chochenjezera Adamu za helo wamoto wa miyoyo ya oipa. Helo woteroyo kudalibeko, ndiponso kudalibe miyoyo yosakhoza kufa. (Yeremiya 19:5; 32:35) M’fumbi la munthaka mulibe kuzunzika kwamuyaya.
Kugwiritsira Ntchito “Moyo” kwa Baibulo
11. (a) Mu Baibulo liwu Lachingelezi lakuti “soul” limachokera ku mawu ati Achihebri ndi Achigiriki? (b) Kodi ndimotani mmene King James Version imagwiritsira ntchito mawu Achihebri ndi Achigiriki kaamba ka “moyo”?
11 Mu Malemba Achihebri, liwu Lachingelezi lakuti “soul” (moyo) limachokera ku liwu Lachihebri lakuti neʹphesh, limene limawoneka nthaŵi zoposa 750. Liwu lofanana nalo m’Malemba Achigiriki ndilo psy·kheʹ, limene limawoneka nthaŵi zoposa 100. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures mosasintha imaika mawu ameneŵa monga “soul” (moyo). Mabaibulo ena angagwiritsire ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana. Njira zina zimene King James Version imatembenuzira neʹphesh ziri: chilakolako, chirombo, thupi, mpweya, cholengedwa, (thupi) lakufa, chikhumbo, mtima, moyo (life), mwamuna, maganizo, munthu, mwini, moyo (soul), chinthu. Ndipo limatembenuza psy·kheʹ monga: mtima, moyo (life), maganizo, moyo (soul).
12. Kodi ndimotani mmene Baibulo limagwiritsira ntchito mawu Achihebri ndi Achigiriki kaamba ka “moyo”?
12 Baibulo limatcha zolengedwa za m’nyanja kukhala neʹphesh: “Zamoyo zonse ziri m’madzi.” (Levitiko 11:10) Liwulo lingasonye ku nyama zapamtunda: “Dziko lapansi libale zamoyo monga mwa mitundu yawo, ng’ombe, ndi zokwawa, ndi zinyama za dziko lapansi.” (Genesis 1:24) Nthaŵi mazanamazana neʹphesh amatanthauza anthu. “Ndipo amoyo onse amene anatuluka m’chuuno mwake mwa Yakobo ndiwo makumi asanu ndi aŵiri.” (Eksodo 1:5) Chitsanzo cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito koteroko kwa psy·kheʹ chikupezeka pa 1 Petro 3:20. Akulankhula za chingalawa cha Nowa, “mmenemo owerengeka, ndiwo amoyo asanu ndi atatu anapulumutsidwa mwa madzi.”
13. Kodi Baibulo limagwiritsira ntchito motani liwu lakuti “moyo”?
13 Baibulo limagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “moyo” (soul) m’njira zina zambiri. Genesis 9:5 akuti: “Mwazi wanu wa miyoyo yanu ndidzafuna.” Panopa moyo ukunenedwa kukhala uli ndi mwazi. Eksodo 12:16 (NW) akuti: “Kokha zimene moyo uliwonse ufuna kudya, zokhazi muzichita.” Panopa moyo ukunenedwa kukhala ukudya. Deuteronomo 24:7 (NW) akulankhula za munthu “wakuba moyo wa abale ake.” Ndithudi sunali moyo wosakhoza kufa umene unabedwa. Salmo 119:28 likuti: “Moyo wanga [wasowa tulo, NW] ndi chisoni.” Chotero moyo ungasowe tulo. Baibulo likusonyezanso kuti moyo uli wokhoza kufa. Umafa. “Moyowo usadzidwe mwa anthu ake.” (Levitiko 7:20, NW) “Asayandikize moyo wakufa.” (Numeri 6:6, NW) “Moyo wathu ndiwo moyo wanu.” (Yoswa 2:14) “Wamoyo ali yense samvera mneneri ameneyu, adzasakazidwa konse mwa anthu.” (Machitidwe 3:23) “Zamoyo zonse . . . zidafa.”—Chibvumbulutso 16:3.
14. Kodi Baibulo limasonyeza bwino motani ponena za chimene moyo uli?
14 Mwachiwonekere, kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Baibulo kwa neʹphesh ndi psy·kheʹ kumasonyeza kuti moyo ndiwo munthu kapena, ponena za zinyama, cholengedwacho. Iwo suli mbali ina yosakhoza kufa ya munthu. Ndithudi, neʹphesh akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Mulungu iyemwini: “Moyo wake umuda woipa ndi iye wakukonda chiwawa.”—Salmo 11:5.
Akatswiri Ambiri Akuvomereza
15. Kodi ndimotani mmene mabukhu ambiri a akatswiri akulongosolera okha ponena za chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa?
15 Akatswiri ambiri akuvomereza kuti Baibulo sililankhula za moyo wosakhoza kufa. The Concise Jewish Encyclopedia ikulongosola kuti: “Baibulo silimalongosola chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa, zimenezi sizimachokeranso ku mabukhu a urabi.” The Jewish Encyclopedia ikunena kuti: “Chikhulupiriro chakuti moyo umapitiriza kukhalako pambuyo pakufa kwa thupi chiri kokha kulingalira kwa filosofi kapena maphunziro a zaumulungu osati chikhulupiriro chosavuta, ndipo mogwirizanamo sichinalongosoledwe kwina kulikonse m’Malemba Opatulika.” The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible ikudziŵitsa kuti: “Nephesh . . . sipitiriza kukhalako yokha popanda thupi, koma imafa limodzi nalo. . . . Palibe lemba labaibulo limene limavomereza ndemanga yakuti ‘moyo’ umasiyana ndi thupi pa nthaŵi ya imfa.”
16. Kodi ndimotani mmene mabukhu ena akulongosolera ponena za moyo?
16 Ndiponso, Expository Dictionary of Bible Words ikunena kuti: “Pamenepa, ‘moyo’ mu Chi[pangano] Cha[kale], sumasonyeza mbali yopanda thupi mwa anthu amoyo imene imapitiriza kukhalako pambuyo pa imfa. [Neʹphesh] kwakukulukulu imatanthauza moyo (life) monga mmene umadziŵidwira ndi zamoyo zaumunthu. . . . Tanthauzo lenileni la [psy·kheʹ] lakhazikitsidwa ndi liwu linzake la Chi[pangano] Cha[kale], osati tanthauzo lake m’mwambo Wachigiriki.” Ndipo The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary ikulongosola kuti m’Baibulo, liwu lakuti moyo (soul) “silimasonyeza mbali ya munthu wamoyo, koma m’malo mwake munthu yenseyo. . . . M’lingaliro limeneli anthu alibe moyo—iwo ndiwo miyoyo.”—Kanyenye ngwathu.
17. Kodi mabukhu aŵiri Achikatolika akuvomereza chiyani ponena za “moyo”?
17 Ngakhale New Catholic Encyclopedia ikuvomereza kuti: “Mawu Abaibulo kaamba ka moyo (soul) kaŵirikaŵiri amatanthauza munthu wathunthu.” Ikuwonjezera kuti: “Palibe kusiyana [kugawanikana] kwa thupi ndi moyo m’Chi[pangano] Cha[kale]. . . . Liwu lakuti [neʹphesh], ngakhale kuti latembenuzidwa ndi liwu lathu lakuti moyo, silitanthauza konse moyo monga wosiyana ndi thupi kapena munthu payekha. . . . Liwu lakuti [psy·kheʹ] ndi liwu la mu Chi[pangano] Cha[tsopano] lofanana ndi [neʹphesh]. . . . Lingaliro la kupulumuka kwa moyo pambuyo pa imfa silimveka bwino m’Baibulo.” Ndipo Georges Auzou, Profesala Wachikatolika wa ku France wa Malemba Opatulika, akulemba m’bukhu lake lakuti La Parole de Dieu (Mawu a Mulungu): “Lingaliro la ‘moyo,’ kutanthauza chinthu chauzimu kotheratu, chenicheni chopanda thupi, chosiyana ndi ‘thupi,’ . . . mulibemo m’Baibulo.”
18. (a) Kodi bukhu lanazonse likuchitira ndemanga motani ponena za kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Baibulo kwa liwu lakuti “moyo”? (b) Kodi ndikuti kumene ophunzira zaumulungu anatenga lingaliro la chinachake chopulumuka imfa ya thupi?
18 Motero, The Encyclopedia Americana ikulongosola kuti: “Lingaliro la Chipangano Chakale la munthu liri la umodzi, osati kugwirizana kwa moyo ndi thupi. Ngakhale kuti liwu Lachihebri [neʹphesh] mobwerezabwereza limatembenuzidwa monga ‘moyo,’ chikakhala chosalongosoka kuliŵerenga m’tanthauzo Lachigiriki. . . . [Neʹphesh] salingaliridwa konse kukhala wogwira ntchito pambali pa thupi. Mu Chipangano Chatsopano liwu Lachigiriki [psy·kheʹ] kaŵirikaŵiri limatembenuzidwa ‘moyo’ koma siliyeneranso kumvedwa kukhala liri ndi tanthauzo limene liwulo linali nalo kwa ophunzira filosofi Achigiriki. . . . Baibulo silimapereka kulongosola komveka kwa mmene munthu amapulumukira pambuyo pa imfa.” Ikuwonjezera kuti: “Akatswiri a maphunziro a zaumulungu amatembenukira ku makambitsirano a ophunzira filosofi kuti apeze kulongosola kokwanira kwa kupulumuka kwa munthuyo pambuyo pa imfa.”
Osati Baibulo koma Filosofi
19. Kodi filosofi Yachigiriki njogwirizana motani ndi chikhulupiriro cha moyo wosakhoza kufa?
19 Nzowona kuti akatswiri a maphunziro a zaumulungu anatengera malingaliro achikunja a ophunzira filosofi kupanga chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa. Dictionnaire Encyclopédique de la Bible (Dikishonale ya Bukhu Lanazonse la Baibulo) Yachifrenchi ikuti: “Lingaliro la moyo wosakhoza kufa liri chotulukapo cha kuganiza Kwachigiriki.” The Jewish Encyclopedia ikutsimikizira kuti: “Chikhulupiriro cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chinafika kwa Ayuda kupyolera mwa kuyanjana ndi lingaliro Lachigiriki ndipo makamaka filosofi ya Plato, m’chilikizi wake weniweni,” amene anakhalako m’zaka za zana lachinayi Kristu asanadze. Plato anakhulupirira kuti: “Moyo siufa ndipo suwonongeka, ndipo miyoyo yathu ndithudi idzapitiriza kukhalapo ku dziko lina!”—The Dialogues of Plato.
20. Kodi ndiliti ndipo ndimotani mmene filosofi yachikunja inaloŵera m’Chikristu?
20 Kodi ndiliti pamene filosofi yachikunja imeneyi inaloŵa m’Chikristu? The New Encyclopædia Britannica ikuti: “Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana lachiŵiri AD Akristu amene anaphunzira filosofi Yachigiriki anayamba kuwona kufunika kwa kulongosola chikhulupiriro chawo m’mawu ake, ponse paŵiri kuti akhutiritse luntha lawo ndi kuti atembenuze akunja ophunzira. Filosofi imene inawayenera kwambiri inali ya chiphunzitso cha Plato.” Chotero, monga mmene Britannica ikunenera, “ophunzira filosofi Achikristu oyambirira anatengera lingaliro Lachigiriki la kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo.” Ngakhale Papa John Paul II anavomereza kuti chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chimaphatikiza “nthanthi za sukulu zina zafilosofi Zachigiriki.” Koma kuvomereza nthanthi za filosofi Yachigiriki kunatanthauza kuti Dziko Lachikristu linakana chowonadi chosavuta cholongosoledwa pa Genesis 2:7: “Munthuyo nakhala wamoyo.”
21. Kodi chikhulupiriro cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chimabwerera kumbuyo kufika kuti m’mbiri?
21 Komabe, chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chimabwerera kumbuyo kupyola Plato. M’bukhu lakuti The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, lolembedwa ndi Morris Jastrow, tikuŵerenga kuti: “Vuto la kusakhoza kufa . . . linakoka chisamaliro chachikulu cha ophunzira zaumulungu Achibabulo. . . . Imfa inali njira yonkira ku mtundu wina wa moyo.” Ndiponso, bukhu lakuti Egyptian Religion, lolembedwa ndi Siegfried Morenz, likulongosola kuti: “Aigupto oyambirira analingalira moyo pambuyo pa imfa kungokhala kupitiriza kwa moyo pa dziko lapansi.” The Jewish Encyclopedia ikudziŵitsa kugwirizana kwa zipembedzo zakale zimenezi ndi Plato pamene ikunena kuti Plato anatsogozedwa ku lingaliro la moyo wosakhoza kufa “kupyolera mu zinsinsi za Orpheus ndi Eleusis mu zimene malingaliro Achibabulo ndi Chiigupto anasakanizidwamo mwachilendo.”
22. Kodi nchifukwa ninji tinganene kuti mbewu za chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa zinafesedwadi pachiyambi cha mbiri ya munthu?
22 Chotero, lingaliro la moyo wosakhoza kufa ndilakale. Kwenikwenidi, mizu yake imapita kumbuyo ku chiyambi cha mbiri ya munthu! Pambuyo pakuti Adamu anauzidwa kuti akafa ngati sakamvera Mulungu, lingaliro lotsutsana linalongosoledwa kwa mkazi wa Adamu, Hava. Iye anauzidwa kuti: “Kufa simudzafai.” Panopa mbewu za moyo wosakhoza kufa zinafesedwa. Ndipo chiyambire nthaŵi imeneyo, fuko limodzi pambuyo pa linzake latengera kawonedwe kachikunja kakuti ‘simudzafadi koma mudzangopitiriza kukhala ndi moyo.’ Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo Dziko Lachikristu, limene linatenga atsatiri ake kuwaloŵetsa mu mpatuko motsutsana ndi zolinga ndi chifuno cha Mulungu.—Genesis 3:1-5; Mateyu 7:15-23; 13:36-43; Machitidwe 20:29, 30; 2 Atesalonika 2:3, 7.
23. Kodi ndani amene anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa, ndipo kodi nchifukwa ninji?
23 Kodi ndani amene anatsogoza anthu kukhulupirira bodza limenelo? Yesu anamzindikiritsa iye pamene ananena kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo a m’tsiku lake kuti: “Inu muli ochokera mwa atate wanu mdyerekezi, ndipo zolakalaka zake za atate wanu mufuna kuchita. . . . Pamene alankhula bodza, alankhula za mwini wake; pakuti ali wabodza, ndi atate wake wa bodza.” (Yohane 8:44) Inde, Satana ndiye amene anayambitsa lingaliro la moyo wosakhoza kufa kuchotsa anthu ku kulambira kowona. Chotero njira ya moyo ya munthu ndi chiyembekezo cha mtsogolo zimaikidwa pa njira yolakwika mwakukhulupirira ziphunzitso zimene zinakhalako kuchokera ku bodza loyamba lolembedwa m’Baibulo, ngakhale kuti pa nthaŵiyo Hava mosakaikira anamvetsetsa njokayo kukhala ikutanthauza kuti sakafa konse m’thupi.
24. Kodi ndimafunso otani amene angafunsidwe molondola ponena za moyo wamuyaya ndi kusakhoza kufa?
24 Baibulo silimaphunzitsa kuti anthu ali ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa. Pamenepa, kodi nchifukwa ninji limalankhula za chiyembekezo cha moyo wamuyaya? Ndiponso, kodi Baibulo, pa 1 Akorinto 15:53, silimanena kuti: ‘Chaimfa ichi chivale chosafa’? Ndipo kodi Yesu sanapita kumwamba pambuyo pa chiukiriro chake, ndipo kodi sanaphunzitse kuti ena akapitanso kumwamba? Mafunsowa limodzi ndi ena adzasanthulidwa m’nkhani yathu yotsatira.
Mafunso Obwereramo
◻ Kodi zipembedzo zambiri zimakhulupiriranji ponena za moyo?
◻ Kodi Baibulo limasonyeza motani kuti munthu sanalengedwe ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa?
◻ Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri chomveka bwino ponena za kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Baibulo kwa mawu Achihebri ndi Achigiriki kaamba ka “moyo”?
◻ Kodi akatswiri ambiri akunenanji ponena za lingaliro Labaibulo la moyo?
◻ Kodi chiphunzitso cha moyo wosakhoza kufa chimabwerera kumbuyo kufika kuti m’mbiri?
[Chithunzi patsamba 20]
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