Malo Kuchokera ku Dziko Lolonjezedwa

Samariya​—Likulu Pakati pa Malikulu Akumpoto

BABULO, Nineve, ndi Roma. Inali mizinda yaikulu m’nthaŵi za Baibulo. Komabe, kunena m’lingaliro la Baibulo, kusiyapo Yerusalemu yeniyeniyo, mwachiwonekere likulu lotchuka koposa sinali imodzi ya iyoyi koma, m’malo mwake, Samariya. Kwazaka pafupifupi 200, linali likulu la ufumu wa mafuko khumi wa Israyeli, ndipo mauthenga aulosi ambiri anasonya pa Samariya. Komabe kodi mumadziŵa chiyani ponena za Samariya? Ndipo kodi nchifukwa ninji linali likulu pakati pa malikulu akumpoto?

Pamene muyang’ana pa mapu, kumbukirani mbiri yakale yotsatira kudzilekanitsa kwa mafuko khumi a Israyeli kuchoka kwa mfumu ya Yehova ndi kachisi ku Yerusalemu. Yerobiamu, amene anatsogolera m’kupanga ufumu wakumpoto, analamulira kwa nthaŵi yochepa kuchokera ku Sekemu, panjira yakuphiri yopita kumpoto ndi kummwera. Pambuyo pake Yerobiamu anasamutsira likulu lake ku Tiriza, imene inali koyambira kwa chigwa cha Wadi Far‛ah. Njira yochokera ku Chigwa cha Yordano inadzera pa Tiriza ndikugwirizana ndi msewu wakuphiri. Kodi munadziŵa kuti Tiriza linali likulu la ufumu wa mafuko khumi m’nthaŵi zakulamulira kwa Nadabu, Basa, Ela, Zimri, ndipo ngakhale Omri?​—Genesis 12:5-9; 33:17, 18; 1 Mafumu 12:20, 25, 27; 14:17; 16:6, 15, 22.

Komabe, pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Omri anamanga likulu latsopano. Kuti? Anagula phiri limene mukuliwona kulamanzere, Samariya. (1 Mafumu 16:23-28) Ngakhale kuti tsopano malo ake aulimi ochuluka ngotsetsereka, mwachiwonekere Omri anawasankha chifukwa chakuti phiri lokhala ndi pamwamba pake posalazikalo, loima nsonga m’dambo linali losavuta kutetezera. Mwana wake Ahabu anapitiriza kumanga Samariya, mwachiwonekere akuwonjezera chisungiko chake mwakumanga malinga ochindikala. Iye anamangiranso Bala kachisi ndi nyumba yachifumu ya iyemwini ndi mkazi wake wa ku Fonike, Yezebeli. Zofukulidwa m’mabwinja zavumbula mabwinja a nyumba yachifumu ya Ahabu, osonyezedwa patsamba lotsatira. Nyumba yachifumuyo inatchuka kaamba ka zoikometsera zake ndi kuipa kopambanitsa. (1 Mafumu 16:29-33) Tayerekezerani mneneri Eliya akukwera ku mzinda umenewu ndikuyenda mumsewu waukulu womka ku nyumba yachifumuyo, kukadzudzula zoipa za Ahabu zozikidwa pa kulambira Bala.​—1 Mafumu 17:1.

Mu 1910 ofukula m’mabwinja anapeza kumeneko zidutswa za mbiya zolembedwa, zofotokoza vinyo ndi kutumizidwa kwa mafuta a azitona kapena misonkho yokhomedwa. Koma maina aumwini ambiri okhalapo analembedwa ndi dzina lakuti baʹal. Zingakusangalatseni kudziŵa kuti ofukula m’mabwinja anapezanso zidutswa za zokometsera kapena miyalo ya minyanga, monga zasonyezedwa pano. Kumbukirani kuti 1 Mafumu 22:39 kalekale anatchula kuti Ahabu anamanga “nyumba yaminyanga.” Mwinamwake izi zinaphatikizapo mipando yokhala ndi zokometsera za minyanga yokhota, zonga ngati “makama aminyanga” okongola amene mneneri Amosi anasonyako zaka zana limodzi pambuyo pake. (Amosi 3:12, 15; 6:1, 4) Pakati pa zithunzithunzi zolembedwapo panali zilombo zokhala ndi mutu wamunthu ndi mapiko Zachigiriki ndi zithunzithunzi zina za nthanthi za Chiigupto.

Kutchula Ahabu ndi Yezebeli kungakukumbutseni mmene iwo anafera. Ahabu anataya moyo wake m’nkhondo yopusa ndi Aramu. Pamene gareta lake linkatsukidwa pafupi ndi ‘thawale la ku Samariya . . . agalu ananyambita mwazi wake,’ mogwirizana ndi mawu a Eliya. (1 Mafumu 21:19; 22:34-38) Mfumukazi Yezebeli anaponyedwa kuchokera pazenera la nyumba yachifumu namwalira. Kodi panali pa nyumba yachifumu iyi m’Samariya? Ayi. Ahabu analinso ndi nyumba yachifumu kumtunda kumpoto m’chigwa cha Yezreeli. Iye anasirira munda wampesa wokhala chapafupi wa Naboti. Ali pamtunda pamalowo, alonda akuyang’ana chakummawa anawona Yehu akuthamanga pakavalo mwaukali akukwera m’chigwacho. Ndipo kumeneko mfumukazi yakale ya Samariya inakhadzulidwa ndikufa imfa yoipitsitsa koma yolungamitsidwa.​—1 Mafumu 21:1-16; 2 Mafumu 9:14-37.

Pamene kuli kwakuti Samariya anapitiriza kukhala likulu, sanakhale ndi chivomerezo kapena dalitso la Mulungu. M’malo mwake, anasonyeza udani ndi nkhalwe kwa likulu lake la kummwera, Yerusalemu. Mosanunkha kanthu, Yehova anatumiza aneneri ambiri kukachenjeza olamulira a Samariya ndi anthu ake ponena za kupembedza kwawo mafano, chisembwere, ndi kunyalanyaza malamulo ake. (Yesaya 9:9; 10:11; Ezekieli 23:4-10; Hoseya 7:1; 10:5; Amosi 3:9; 8:14; Mika 1:1, 6) Chotero mu 740 B.C.E., Samariya anaŵerengeredwa, nawonongedwa ndi Aasuri. Ochuluka a anthu ake anatengedwa ukapolo, ndipo analoŵedwa m’malo ndi alendo.​—2 Mafumu 17:1-6, 22-24.

Pambuyo pake, makamaka m’nthaŵi ya Herode Wamkulu, Agiriki ndi Aroma anabwezeretsa kutchuka kwa Samariya. Chotero ngakhale Yesu ndi atumwi anali ozoloŵerana ndi likululi lokhala pakati pa malikulu akumpoto.​—Luka 17:11; Yohane 4:4.

[Mapu patsamba 16]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Yezreeli

Tiriza

Samariya

Sekemu

Yerusalemu

Mtsinje wa Yordano

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Chozikidwa pa mapu olembedwanso ndi Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. ndi Survey of Israel.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 16]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

Garo Nalbandian

Mkati: Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums; chithunzi chochokera ku Israel Museum, Jerusalem