Kodi Moyo Umapulumuka pa Imfa?

“MOYO: Mbali yauzimu ya munthu yolingaliridwa kukhalabe yamoyo pambuyo pa imfa ndikulandira chimwemwe kapena nsautso mumkhalidwe wamtsogolo.” (The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary) Zipembedzo zochuluka zimavomereza kutanthauzira kumeneku. New Catholic Encyclopedia imati: “Chiphunzitso chakuti moyo wamunthu uli wosakhoza kufa ndipo udzapitirizabe kukhalako pambuyo pa imfa ya munthu . . . chiri chimodzi cha ziphunzitso zamaziko za nthanthi Yachikristu ndi maphunziro azaumulungu.”

Pamenepa, mwinamwake mudzadabwa, kudziŵa kuti chikhulupiriro chamaziko chimenechi chinachokera kunthanthi yachikunja. Kalekale Yesu asanabadwe, anthu anakhulupirira kuti moyo unali chinthu chosakhudzika chimene chikakhoza kukhalako molekana ndi thupi. Motero ukanakhoza kupulumuka pa imfa ya thupi, kupitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo mumkhalidwe wa mzukwa, kapena mzimu.

Agiriki anamveketsa chikhulupiriro chimenechi m’mawu anthanthi. Socrates, wanthanthi wotchuka Wachigiriki, anagwidwa mawu kukhala akunena kuti: “Moyo, . . . utasiya thupi woyera, mosatenga kalikonse kuthupi, . . . umakaloŵa ku chofanana nawo, chosawoneka, chaumulungu, chosakhoza kufa, ndi chanzeru, ndipo pamene ufika kumeneko umakhala wachimwemwe, waufulu kuzophophonya ndi zamphulupulu ndi mantha . . . ndi mavuto onse a munthu, ndipo . . . umakhala ndimoyo m’chowonadi kunthaŵi yonse limodzi ndi milungu.”​—Phaedo, 80, D, E; 81, A.

Sichiri Chiphunzitso Chabaibulo

Pamenepa, kodi ndimotani mmene chikhulupiriro chachikunja chimenechi cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo chinayambira kuphunzitsidwa m’Chikristu Chadziko ndi m’Chiyuda?

New Catholic Encyclopedia imapeputsa nkhani pamene imati: “Lingaliro lakuti moyo umakhalapobe pambuyo pa imfa silimamvetsetseka bwino m’Baibulo.” Ikakhala yolondola kwambiri kunena kuti chiphunzitso cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo sichimapezeka konse m’Baibulo! Nazonse ameneyo amavomereza kuti: “Lingaliro lenileni la moyo wa munthu siriri lofanana m’C[hipangano] C[hakale] monga momwe liriri m’Chigiriki ndi m’nthanthi yamakano.”

M’chotchedwa Chipangano Chakale, liwu Lachihebri neʹphesh, lotembenuzidwa mofala kukhala “moyo,” limapezeka nthaŵi 754. M’chotchedwa chipangano chatsopano, liwu Lachigiriki psy·kheʹ, lotembenuzidwanso mofala kukhala “moyo,” limapezeka nthaŵi 102. Pamene tipenda mmene mawu ameneŵa amagwiritsiridwira ntchito m’Baibulo, timapeza chithunzi chodabwitsa.

Pa Genesis 2:7, timaŵerenga kuti Mulungu anauzira mpweya wamoyo m’mphuno mwa Adamu, ndipo Adamu “anakhala wamoyo [Chihebri, neʹphesh].” Wonani kuti: Adamu sanapatsidwe moyo; koma anakhala moyowo. M’mawu ena, Adamu wolengedwa chatsopanoyo anali moyo! Mposadabwitsa kuti New Catholic Encyclopedia imati: “Moyo m’C[hipangano] C[hakale] suumatanthauza mbali ya munthu, koma munthu wathunthu​—munthuyo monga chamoyo.”

Malemba ena amatsimikizira zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, Levitiko 7:20, amati ‘[moyo, NW] ukadya nyama ya nsembe zoyamika za Yehova.’ Levitiko 23:30, amati: ‘Ndi [moyo, NW] uliwonse wakugwira ntchito iriyonse.” Miyambo 25:25 imati: “Monga madzi ozizira kwa [moyo, NW] wotopa, momwemo mawu abwino akuchokera kudziko lakutali.” Ndiponso Salmo 105:18 limatiuza kuti: ‘Anapweteka miyendo yake ndi matangadza; anagoneka [moyo, NW] wake muunyolo.’ Eya, kodi nchiyani chimene chingadye nyama, kugwira ntchito, kutsitsimulidwa ndi madzi, ndi kuikidwa muunyolo? Kodi ndicho mbali ya munthu yauzimu, yolekana ndi thupi, kapena kodi ndiye munthu mwiniyo? Yankho nlowonekeratu.

Mosangalatsa, kukhala moyo sichinthu cholekezera pa munthu. Genesis 1:20 amatiuza kuti m’nyengo imodzi yakulenga, Mulungu anati: “Madzi abale zochuluka zamoyo zoyendayenda.” Inde, ngakhale nsomba ndizo miyoyo! M’nyengo ina yakulenga, Mulungu anasonyeza kuti “ng’ombe, zokwaŵa, ndi zinyama zadziko lapansi” ndizo miyoyo!​—Genesis 1:24; yerekezerani ndi Levitiko 11:10, 46; 24:18; Numeri 31:28; Yobu 41:21; Ezekieli 47:9.

Chotero, m’Baibulo “moyo” suumasonya kuchinthu chokhala ndi chithuzi chauzimu chimene chimasiya thupi pambuyo pa imfa. Umatanthauza munthu kapena nyama, kapena umoyo umene munthu kapena nyama imasangalala nawo.

Kodi Nchiyani Chimene Chimachitika Pambuyo pa Imfa?

Pamenepa mwachiwonekere, Baibulo limasemphana ndi lingaliro lachikunja lakuti anthu ali ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa. Kodi ndani, amene mukumlingalira kukhala anaphunzitsa chowonadi m’nkhani imeneyi? Anthanthi zachikunja zachigiriki kapena anthu apangano a Mulungu? Ndithudi, anali anthu a Mulungu, kwa amene iye anapatsa mawu ake ouziridwa.

Chikhalirechobe, funso likadalipo, Kodi nchiyani chimene chimachitikira moyo pambuyo pa imfa? Popeza kuti moyo ndiwo munthu mwiniyo, mwachiwonekere, moyo umafa pamene munthuyo afa. M’mawu ena, munthu wakufa ndiye moyo wakufa. Malemba ambiri amatsimikizira chimenechi. “Moyo wochimwawo ndiwo udzafa,” akutero Ezekieli 18:4. Pa Oweruza 16:30, timaŵerenga kuti: ‘Naati Samsoni [moyo wanga, NW] ufe nawo Afilisti.’ Malemba ena amasonyeza kuti miyoyo ingadulidwe (Genesis 17:14), kukanthidwa ndi lupanga (Yoswa 10:37), kupotedwa (Yobu 7:15), ndi kumizidwa m’madzi (Yona 2:5.) Moyo womwalira, kapena moyo wakufa, ndiwo munthu wakufa.​—Levitiko 19:28; 21:1, 11.

Pamenepa, kodi nchiyani chimene chimakhala mkhalidwe wa miyoyo yakufa? Kulongosola kwachidule ndiko kwakuti, imfa iri yosiyana ndi moyo. Malingaliro athu onse ngolumikizidwa kumatupi athu anyama. Luntha lathu la kuwona, kumva, ndi kuganiza limadalira pa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa maso athu, makutu, ndi ubongo. Popanda maso sitingawone. Popanda makutu sitingamve. Popanda ubongo sitingachite kalikonse. Pamene munthu amwalira, ziŵalo zathupi zonsezi zimaleka kugwira ntchito. Timaleka kukhalako.

Mogwirizana ndi zimenezi, Mlaliki 9:5, 10 amati: “Koma akufa sadziŵa kanthu bi, . . . mulibe ntchito ngakhale kulingilira ngakhale kudziŵa, ngakhale nzeru, kumanda ulinkupitako.” Mofananamo, Salmo 146:3, 4 limati: “Musamakhulupirira zinduna, kapena mwana wa munthu, amene mulibe chipulumutso mwa iye. Mpweya wake [mphamvu ya moyo] uchoka, abwerera kumka kunthaka yake; tsiku lomwelo zotsimikiza mtima zake zitayika.” Chotero pamene anthu [miyoyo] afa, amangoleka kukhalako.

Kuchokera Kuchiphunzitso Chachikunja ku Kukhala Chiphunzitso Chatchalitchi

‘Koma kodi Chipangano Chatsopano sichimaphunzitsa kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo’? ena angafunse motero. Kutalitali. New Catholic Encyclopedia imavomereza kuti: “C[hipangano] C[hatsopano] chimakhalabe chokhulupirika ku [Chipangano Chakale] pa lingaliro lonena za imfa limeneli.” M’mawu ena, “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimaphunzitsa kuti moyo umafa. Yesu Kristu anasonyeza kuti iye sanakhulupirire kuti moyo unali wosakhoza kufa. Iye anafunsa kuti: “Kodi nkuloledwa dzuŵa la sabata kuchita zabwino, kapena zoipa? Kupulumutsa moyo kapena kupha?” (Marko 3:4) Mtumwi Wachikristu Paulo mofananamo anavomereza lingaliro la “Chipangano Chakale” lonena za moyo mwakugwira mawu Genesis 2:7 kuti: “Koteronso kwalembedwa, munthu woyamba, Adamu, anakhala wamoyo.”​—1 Akorinto 15:45.

Chotero, kodi ndimotani mmene lingaliro la Plato linadzakhalira chiphunzitso chatchalitchi? Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, yolembedwa ndi James Hastings, imafotokoza kuti: “Pamene uthenga wabwino Wachikristu unatuluka kudzera pachipata cha sunagoge Wachiyuda kuloŵa mu Ulamuliro Wachiroma, kwakukulukulu lingaliro la moyo Lachiyuda linayambukira malingaliro a Agiriki mosazindikiridwa.” Aphunzitsi atchalitchi anayesayesa kupangitsa uthenga wawo kumvekera “wanzeru kwa anthu olankhula Chigiriki” mwakugwiritsira ntchito “mawu ndi malingaliro odziŵika a nzeru Zachigiriki.” Mofananamo akatswiri azaumulungu Achiyuda anayamba kusonyeza “ziyambukiro za chiphunzitso cha Plato” m’zolemba zawo.”​—Encyclopædia Judaica.

Motero chiphunzitso cha Baibulo chonena za moyo chinalekedwa ndikuloŵedwa m’malo ndi chiphunzitso chachikunja kotheratu. Chimenechi sichingalungamitsidwe konse pamaziko akuti kuchita motero kunapangitsa Chikristu kukhala chokopa kwa anthu ambiri. Polalikira mu Atene, m’chimake mwenimweni mwa mwambo Wachigiriki, mtumwi Paulo sanaphunzitse chiphunzitso cha Plato chonena za moyo. Mmalo mwake, iye analalikira chiphunzitso Chachikristu cha chiukiriro ngakhale kuti ambiri a omvetsera ake Achigiriki anakupeza kukhala kovuta kuvomereza zonena zake.​—Machitidwe 17:22-32.

Ndithudi, mtumwi Paulo anachenjeza motsutsa kusakaniza kulikonse kwa chowonadi chozikidwa pa Baibulo ndi chikunja pamene anati: “Chilungamo chigaŵana bwanji ndi chosalungama? Kapena kuunika kuyanjana bwanji ndi mdima? Ndipo Kristu avomerezana bwanji ndi Beliyali?” (2 Akorinto 6:14, 15) Mposakaikitsa konse kuti Chikristu Chadziko, polola chiphunzitso chachikunja kukhala chimodzi cha maziko anthanthi yake ndi maphunziro azaumulungu chadzetsa chitonzo pa Mulungu mwiniyo!

Chiyembekezo cha Akufa

Anthu ali omasuka kusankha zimene afuna kukhulupirira. Komabe, mfundo yakuti chikhulupiriro cha kusafa kwa moyo sicham’malemba siingatsutsidwe. Pamenepa, kodi anthu ali opanda chiyembekezo cha moyo pambuyo pa imfa?

Yobu atafunsa funso lakuti, “atafa munthu, adzakhalanso ndi moyo kodi?” anapitirizabe kupereka yankho louziridwa. Iye anati: “[Yehova] mukadaitana, ndipo ndikadakuyankhani; mukadakhumba ntchito ya manja anu.” (Yobu 14:14, 15) Inde, Baibulo limapereka chiyembekezo cha chiukiriro kaamba ka onse okhala m’chikumbukiro cha Mulungu. Iye ngwofunitsitsa kubwezeretsera kumoyo atumiki ake okhulupirika, monga Yobu! Yesu Kristu anatsimikizira kuwona kwa chiyembekezo chimenechi, akumati: “Musazizwe ndi ichi, kuti ikudza nthaŵi, imene onse ali m’manda [achikumbukiro] adzamva mawu ake, nadzatulukira, amene adachita zabwino, kukuuka kwa moyo; koma amene adachita zoipa kukuuka kwa kuweruza.”​—Yohane 5:28, 29.

Pamene nthaŵi ifika yakukwaniritsidwa kwa ulosi umenewo, Yesaya 25:8 akulonjeza, Mulungu ‘adzameza imfa kunthaŵi yonse.’ Izi zitanthauza dziko m’limene, monga momwe Chivumbulutso 21:4 chikunenera, ‘simudzakhalanso imfa.’ Kodi mungakonde kukhala ndi moyo m’dziko lopanda maliro kapena nyumba zamaliro, lopanda miyala ya pamanda, kapena msitu, lopandanso misozi kapena chisoni koma misozi yachisangalalo basi?

Zowona, mwina munaleredwa mukuphunzitsiswa kukhulupirira chiphunzitso cha kusakhoza kufa kwa moyo. Koma mwakuphunzira Baibulo, mungakhale ndi chikhulupiriro m’malonjezo omasula a Baibulo.a Mungaphunzirenso zimene muyenera kuchita kuti mulandire lonjezo la Baibulo, osati la kupulumuka monga moyo wosakhoza kufa, koma la kulandira “moyo wosatha” m’Paradaiso padziko lapansi!​—Yohane 17:3; Luka 23:43.

[Mawu a M’munsi]