Mawu a Mulungu Akhala Kosatha
“Mawu a Mulungu wathu adzakhala nthaŵi zachikhalire.”—YESAYA 40:8.
1. (a) Kodi panopo “mawu a Mulungu wathu” akutanthauzanji? (b) Kodi malonjezo a anthu amasiyana motani powayerekezera ndi mawu a Mulungu?
ANTHU amakonda kukhulupirira malonjezo a amuna ndi akazi otchuka. Koma kaya malonjezo amenewo akhale okhumbika chotani kwa anthu amene akulakalaka kukhala ndi moyo wabwinopo, iwo ali ngati maluŵa amene amafota titawalinganiza ndi mawu a Mulungu wathu. (Salmo 146:3, 4) Zaka zoposa 2,700 zapitazo, Yehova Mulungu anauzira mneneri Yesaya kulemba kuti: “Anthu onse ndi udzu, ndi kukoma kwawo konse kunga duŵa la m’thengo; udzu unyala, duŵa lifota, koma mawu a Mulungu wathu adzakhala nthaŵi zachikhalire.” (Yesaya 40:6, 8) Kodi “mawu” okhalitsawo ndiwo chiyani? Ndi mawu a Mulungu onena za chifuno chake. Lero “mawu” amenewo tili nawo olembedwa m’Baibulo.—1 Petro 1:24, 25.
2. Kodi Yehova anakwaniritsa mawu ake onena za Israyeli ndi Yuda wakale pakati pa mzimu ndi zochita zotani?
2 Anthu a m’masiku a Israyeli wakale anaona choonadi cha zimene Yesaya analemba. Kudzera mwa aneneri ake Yehova ananeneratu kuti, chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika koipitsitsa kwa iye, ufumu wa Israyeli wa mafuko khumi choyamba, kenako ufumu wa Yuda wa mafuko aŵiri udzatengeredwa kuukapolo. (Yeremiya 20:4; Amosi 5:2, 27) Ngakhale kuti anazunza, ngakhale kupha, aneneri a Yehova, kutentha mpukutu umene unali ndi uthenga wa Mulungu wachenjezo, ndi kupempha Igupto kuwathandiza nkhondo kuti mawu aulosiwo asakwaniritsidwe, mawu a Yehova sanalephere. (Yeremiya 36:1, 2, 21-24; 37:5-10; Luka 13:34) Ndiponso, lonjezo la Mulungu la kubweza otsalira a Ayuda olapa kudziko lawo linakwaniritsidwa moonekera kwa onse.—Yesaya, chaputala 35.
3. (a) Kodi ndi malonjezo ati olembedwa ndi Yesaya amene tikufuna kwambiri? (b) Kodi nchifukwa ninji muli wotsimikiza kuti zinthu zimenezi zidzachitikadi?
3 Kudzera mwa Yesaya, Yehova analoseranso za ulamuliro wolungama pa anthu wochitidwa ndi Mesiya, kulanditsidwa ku uchimo ndi imfa, ndi kusandutsa dziko kukhala paradaiso. (Yesaya 9:6, 7; 11:1-9; 25:6-8; 35:5-7; 65:17-25) Kodi zimenezinso zidzachitikadi? Mosakayika konse! ‘Mulungu sanama.’ Analembetsa mawu ake aulosi kuti tipindule, ndipo watsimikiza kuti asungidwa bwino.—Tito 1:2; Aroma 15:4.
4. Ngakhale kuti zolembedwa za Baibulo zoyambirira sizinasungidwe, kodi zakhala bwanji zoona kuti mawu a Mulungu ali “amoyo”?
4 Yehova sanasunge zolembedwa zoyambirirazo zimene alembi ake akalewo analembamo maulosiwo. Koma “mawu” ake, chifuno chake cholengezedwacho, akhaladi mawu amoyo. Chifuno chimenecho chikupitabe patsogolo mosaletseka, ndipo pamene chikutero, malingaliro ndi zolinga zamumtima za anthu amene moyo wawo wakhudzidwa nacho zimaonekera. (Ahebri 4:12) Ndiponso, mbiri yakale yolembedwa ikusonyeza kuti kusungidwa ndi kutembenuzidwa kwa Malemba ouziridwawo kwatheka mwa mphamvu ya Mulungu.
Pamene Ayesa Kuwapondereza
5. (a) Kodi mfumu ya Aramu inayesayesa motani kuwononga Malemba Achihebri ouziridwawo? (b) Kodi nchifukwa ninji inalephera?
5 Nthaŵi zambiri, olamulira ayesetsa kuwononga zolemba zouziridwa. Mu 168 B.C.E., Mfumu yachiaramu Antiochus Epiphanes (yosonyezedwa patsamba 10) inamangira Zeu guwa la nsembe m’kachisi wopatulidwira Yehova. Inafunafunanso ‘mabuku a Chilamulo,’ inawatentha, ndi kulengeza kuti aliyense wokhala ndi Malemba ameneŵa adzaphedwa. Mosasamala kanthu kuti inatentha makope angati ku Yerusalemu ndi Yudeya, siinathe kuponderezeratu Malembawo. Magulu a Ayuda nthaŵiyo anali omwazikana m’maiko ambiri, ndipo sunagoge aliyense anali ndi mipukutu yake.—Yerekezerani ndi Machitidwe 13:14, 15.
6. (a) Kodi nzoyesayesa zamphamvu zotani zimene zinachitika kuti awononge Malemba omwe Akristu oyambirira anali kugwiritsira ntchito? (b) Kodi panatsatiranji?
6 Mu 303 C.E., Mfumu ya Roma Diocletian nayenso analamula kuti malo a misonkhano ya Akristu awonongedwe ndi kuti ‘Malemba ake anyeke ndi moto.’ Kuwononga kumeneku kunachitika kwa zaka khumi. Ngakhale kuti chizunzo chimenecho chinali choopsa kwambiri, Diocletian analephera kufafaniza Chikristu, ndiponso Mulungu sanalole nthumwi za mfumuyo kuwononga makope onse ngakhale a mbali imodzi yokha ya Mawu Ake ouziridwa. Koma mwa zimene anachita ponena za kufalitsa ndi kulalikira Mawu a Mulungu, otsutsawo anasonyeza zomwe zinali mumtima mwawo. Anadzidziŵikitsa kuti ali amuna ochititsidwa khungu ndi Satana ndipo ochita chifuniro chake.—Yohane 8:44; 1 Yohane 3:10-12.
7. (a) Kodi ndi kuyesayesa kotani kofuna kupondereza kufalitsidwa kwa chidziŵitso cha Baibulo komwe kunachitika kumadzulo kwa Ulaya? (b) Kodi kutembenuza ndi kufalitsa Baibulo kunapindulanji?
7 Kuyesayesa kuti apondereze kufalikira kwa chidziŵitso cha Baibulo anakuchitanso m’njira zina. Pamene anthu anasiya kulankhula Chilatini, anali odzitcha Akristu—Papa Gregory VII (1073-85) ndi Papa Innocent III (1198-1216)—osati olamulira achikunja ayi, amene anatsutsa zolimba kuti Baibulo lisatembenuzidwe m’zinenero zina zomwe anthu amalankhula. Poyesayesa kupondereza anthu kuti asamatsutse ulamuliro wa tchalitchi, Roman Catholic Council of Toulouse, ku France, mu 1229, inalamula kuti munthu wamba sayenera kukhala ndi mabuku a Baibulo m’chilankhulo cha anthu onse. Bwalo la Inquisition analigwiritsira ntchito mwankhanza kusungitsa lamuloli. Komabe, patapita zaka 400 chiyambire Bwalo la Inquisition, okonda Mawu a Mulungu anali atatembenuza Baibulo lonse ndipo anali kufalitsa makope ake osindikizidwa m’zinenero ngati 20, limodzi ndi malankhulidwe enanso, ndiponso mbali zake zazikulu m’zinenero zina 16.
8. M’zaka za zana la 19, kodi kunali kuchitika zotani pa zotembenuza ndi kufalitsa Baibulo ku Russia?
8 Si Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika chokha chimene chinayesetsa kutsekereza anthu wamba kukhala ndi Baibulo. Kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19, Pavsky, profesa wa pa St. Petersburg Academy of Divinity, anatembenuza Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu m’Chirasha kuchoka m’Chigiriki. Mabuku ena a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu nawonso anatembenuzidwa m’Chirasha, ndipo Pavsky anali mkonzi wake. Ameneŵa anafalitsidwa kwambiri mpaka mu 1826 mfumu inasonkhezeredwa ndi tchalitchi kukhazika Russian Bible Society pansi pa uyang’aniro wa “Sinodi Yoyera” ya Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, imene kenako inapondereza kwambiri ntchito yake. Pambuyo pake, Pavsky anatembenuza Malemba Achihebri m’Chirasha kuchoka m’Chihebri. Cha panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Makarios, wachiŵiri kwa bishopu wa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, nayenso anatembenuza Malemba Achihebri m’Chirasha kuchoka m’Chihebri. Onse aŵiri analangidwa pazoyesayesa zawo, ndipo zotembenuza zawo anaziika mosungira zikalata za tchalitchi. Tchalitchi chinalimbikira kusunga Baibulo m’chinenero chakale chachisilavo, chimene nthaŵiyo anthu wamba sanali kuchiŵerenga kapena kuchimvetsera. Pamene “Sinodi Yoyera,” inalephera kupondereza zoyesayesa za anthu za kupeza chidziŵitso cha Baibulo mpamene, mu 1856, inayamba matembenuzidwe akeake ololedwa ndi sinodi, kuchita zimenezo mwaluso kwambiri kuti atsimikize kuti mawu ogwiritsiridwa ntchito adzagwirizana ndi malingaliro a tchalitchi. Choncho, ponena za kufalitsa Mawu a Mulungu, kusiyana kunayamba kuonekera pakati pa maonekedwe akunja a atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi zolinga zawo, zosonyezedwa ndi mawu awo ndi zochita zawo.—2 Atesalonika 2:3, 4.
Kutetezera Mawuwo Kuti Asaipitsidwe
9. Kodi otembenuza Baibulo ena anasonyeza motani kukonda kwawo Mawu a Mulungu?
9 Pakati pa awo amene anatembenuza ndi kukopa Malemba panali amuna okondadi Mawu a Mulungu ndipo anayesetsa moona mtima kuti akhale opezeka kwa aliyense. William Tyndale anaphedwa (mu 1536) chifukwa cha zimene anachita kuti pakhale Baibulo lachingelezi. Francisco de Enzinas anamangidwa ndi Bwalo la Inquisition lachikatolika (pambuyo pa 1544) chifukwa chotembenuza Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu m’Chisipanya ndi kuwafalitsa. Moika moyo wake pangozi, Robert Morrison (kuyambira 1807 mpaka 1818) anatembenuza Baibulo m’Chitchaina.
10. Kodi ndi zitsanzo ziti zosonyeza kuti otembenuza ena anasonkhezeredwa ndi zinthu zina osati chikondi cha pa Mawu a Mulungu?
10 Komabe, nthaŵi zina ntchito ya okopa ndi otembenuza inasonkhezeredwa ndi zifukwa zina, osati kukonda Mawu a Mulungu. Lingalirani zitsanzo zinayi: (1) Asamariya anamanga kachisi pa Phiri la Gerizimu kuti atsutsane ndi kachisi wa ku Yerusalemu. Pochirikiza zimenezo, mawu a pa Eksodo 20:17 anasinthidwa m’Pentatuke yachisamariyayo. Anawonjezerapo lamulo, monga kuti linali mbali ya Malamulo Khumi, lomanga guwa la mwala pa Phiri la Gerizimu ndi kumapereka nsembe pamenepo. (2) Munthu woyamba kutembenuza buku la Danieli la mu Septuagint yachigiriki anapotoza matembenuzidwe ake ena. Analoŵetsamo mawu amene anaganiza kuti adzafotokoza kapena kumveketsa bwino zomwe zili m’malemba achihebri. Anasiya zofunika zina zimene anaganiza kuti oŵerenga sadzazilandira. Potembenuza ulosi wonena za kuonekera kwa Mesiya, wopezeka pa Danieli 9:24-27, ananama ponena za nthaŵi yotchulidwayo nawonjezera, kusintha mawu ndi kuwasuntha, mwachionekere ndi cholinga chopanga ulosiwo kuoneka monga ukuchirikiza nkhondo ya Amakabe. (3) M’zaka za zana lachinayi C.E., m’nkhani ina yamkangano yachilatini, winawake wochirikiza Utatu wachangu chopambanitsa mwachionekere anawonjezera mawu akuti “kumwamba, Atate, Mawu, ndi mzimu woyera; ndipo atatuwa ali mmodzi” monga kuti mawuwa anatengedwa pa 1 Yohane 5:7. Pambuyo pake mawu amenewo anawaphatikiza palemba la m’zolembedwa za Baibulo lachilatini. (4) Louis XIII (1610-43), ku France, analoleza Jacques Corbin kutembenuza Baibulo m’Chifrenchi kuti atsekereze zoyesayesa za Aprotestanti. Pokhala ndi cholinga chimenecho, Corbin anasintha malemba ena, naphatikizapo mawu onena za “nsembe yoyera ya Misa” pa Machitidwe 13:2.
11. (a) Kodi Mawu a Mulungu anakhala motani kwachikhalire mosasamala kanthu za kusaona mtima kwa otembenuza ena? (b) Kodi pali umboni wotani wa zolembedwa zakale wotsimikiza zimene Baibulo linanena poyambirira? (Onani bokosi.)
11 Yehova sanatsekereze kusokoneza Mawu ake kumeneku, komanso sikunasinthe chifuno chake. Kodi kunapindulanji? Kuwonjezera mawu onena za Phiri la Gerizimu sikunachititse chipembedzo cha Asamariya kukhala chiŵiya cha Mulungu chodalitsira mtundu wa anthu. M’malo mwake, kunapereka umboni wakuti, ngakhale kuti chipembedzo cha Asamariya chinkanena kuti chimakhulupirira Pentatuke, sichinali chodalirika kuti chingaphunzitse choonadi. (Yohane 4:20-24) Kusokoneza mawu a mu Septuagint sikunaletse Mesiya kudza panthaŵi yonenedweratu mwa mneneri Danieli. Ndiponso, ngakhale kuti Septuagint inali kugwira ntchito m’zaka za zana loyamba, zikuoneka kuti Ayuda anali atazoloŵera kumva Malemba akuŵerengedwa m’Chihebri m’masunagoge awo. Chotero, “anthu anali kuyembekezera” pamene nthaŵi yakuti ulosi ukwaniritsidwe inali kuyandikira. (Luka 3:15) Ponena za kusintha kwa pa 1 Yohane 5:7 kuti achirikize Utatu ndi pa Machitidwe 13:2 kuti achirikize Misa, zimenezi sizinasinthe choonadi. Ndipo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi chinyengo chonsecho chinavumbulidwa. Nkhokwe yaikulu ya zolembedwa za Baibulo m’chinenero chake choyambirira imatheketsa kuona kulondola kwa matembenuzidwe alionse.
12. (a) Kodi otembenuza Baibulo ena anasintha zinthu zazikulu zotani? (b) Kodi zimenezi zinafika mpaka pati?
12 Zoyesayesa zina zoti asinthe Malemba sizinaloŵetsepo chabe kusintha mawu a mavesi angapo. Zimenezi zinaloŵetsapo kusokoneza kuti Mulungu woona iyemwini ndani. Kusintha kumeneko ndi zinthu zimene anasintha zinapereka umboni woonekera bwino wakuti pali chisonkhezero chochokera kumagwero amphamvu kwambiri kuposa munthu aliyense kapena gulu lililonse la anthu—inde, chisonkhezero cha mdani wamkulu wa Yehova, Satana Mdyerekezi. Posonkhezeredwa ndi mphamvu imeneyo, otembenuza ndi okopa—ena mwachangu, ena mwamphwayi—anayamba kuchotsa dzina laumwini la Mulungu, Yehova, m’Mawu ake ouziridwa, pamalo zikwizikwi pamene linali kuonekera. Kalelo, matembenuzidwe ena ochokera m’Chihebri kupita m’Chidatchi, Chigiriki, Chijeremani, Chilatini, Chingelezi, ndi Chitaliyana, mwa zinenero zina, anachotseratu dzina la Mulungu kapena anangolisiya pamalo angapo. Analichotsanso m’makope a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu.
13. Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuyesayesa kwa anthu ambiri kumeneko kuti asinthe Baibulo sikunachititse anthu kuiŵala dzina la Mulungu?
13 Komabe, anthu sanaiŵale dzina laulemerero limenelo. Matembenuzidwe a Malemba Achihebri m’Chifrenchi, Chijeremani, Chingelezi, Chipwitikizi, Chisipanya, ndi ena ambiri, anaikamo dzina laumwini la Mulungu moona mtima. Podzafika m’zaka za zana la 16, dzina laumwini la Mulungu linayambanso kuonekera m’matembenuzidwe achihebri osiyanasiyana a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu; podzafika zaka za zana la 18, m’Chijeremani; podzafika zaka za zana la 19, m’Chikroati ndi Chingelezi. Ngakhale kuti anthu angayese kubisa dzina la Mulungu, pamene “tsiku la Yehova” lidzafika, pamenepo, monga momwe Mulungu akunenera, ‘amitundu adzadziŵa kuti Ine ndine Yehova.’ Chifuno cha Mulungu cholengezedwacho sichidzalephereka.—2 Petro 3:10, NW; Ezekieli 38:23; Yesaya 11:9; 55:11.
Uthenga Uzungulira Dziko Lonse
14. (a) Podzafika zaka za zana la 20, kodi Baibulo linali litasindikizidwa m’zinenero zingati za ku Ulaya, ndipo zimenezo zinachititsa chiyani? (b) Podzafika kumapeto kwa 1914, kodi Baibulo linalipo m’zinenero zingati za m’Afirika?
14 Podzafika kuchiyambi cha zaka za zana la 20, Baibulo linali litayamba kale kusindikizidwa m’zinenero 94 za ku Ulaya. Linadziŵitsa ophunzira Baibulo a kumbali imeneyo ya dziko za choonadi chakuti padzakhala zochitika zogwedeza dziko pakutha kwa Nthaŵi za Akunja mu 1914, ndipo zoonadi zinachitika! (Luka 21:24) Chaka chosintha zinthu chimenecho cha 1914 chisanathe, Baibulo, lathunthu kapena mabuku ake ena, linafalitsidwa m’zinenero 157 za m’Afirika, kuwonjezera pa ma Baibulo a m’zinenero za Chifrenchi, Chingelezi, ndi Chipwitikizi ogwiritsiridwa ntchito mofalawo. Choncho maziko anayalidwa ophunzitsira choonadi cha Baibulo chomasula mwauzimu kwa anthu odzichepetsa a malankhulidwe ndi mitundu yambiri ya kumeneko.
15. Pamene masiku otsiriza anayamba, kodi ma Baibulo analipo ochuluka motani m’zinenero za anthu ku maiko a ku Amereka?
15 Pamene dziko linali kuloŵa m’masiku otsiriza onenedweratuwo, Baibulo linali litafala kwambiri ku maiko a ku Amereka. Osamuka kuchokera ku Ulaya analibweretsa m’zinenero zawo zonse zosiyanasiyana. Programu yaikulu yophunzitsa Baibulo inali mkati, yochitika mwa nkhani zapoyera ndi kugaŵira mabuku ambirimbiri ofotokoza Baibulo ofalitsidwa ndi International Bible Students, monga momwe Mboni za Yehova zinkadziŵikira panthaŵiyo. Ndiponso, mabungwe ofalitsa Baibulo anali atayamba kale kusindikiza ma Baibulo m’zinenero zinanso 57 kuti athandize obadwira ku Western Hemisphere komweko.
16, 17. (a) Pamene nthaŵi yochita ulaliki padziko lonse inafika, kodi ma Baibulo analipo ochuluka motani? (b) Kodi Baibulo lakhaladi motani buku lokhalitsa ndi lachisonkhezero chachikulu?
16 Itafika nthaŵi yolalikira uthenga wabwino padziko lonse ‘chimaliziro chisanafike,’ Baibulo silinali lachilendo ku Asia ndi m’zisumbu za m’nyanja ya Pacific. (Mateyu 24:14) Linali litayamba kale kufalitsidwa m’zinenero 232 za kumbali imeneyo ya dziko. Ena anali ma Baibulo athunthu; ambiri anali matembenuzidwe a Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu; ena anali buku limodzi la Malemba Opatulika.
17 Ndithudi, Baibulo silinakhalitse choncho monga chinthu chongosonyeza m’myuziyamu. Pamabuku onse amene analipo, ndilo linali buku lotembenuzidwa koposa ndi lofalitsidwa koposa. Mogwirizana ndi umboni umenewo wa chiyanjo cha Mulungu, zimene zinalembedwa m’bukulo zinali kuchitika. Ndiponso ziphunzitso zake ndi mzimu umene unaliuzira zinali kukhudza moyo wa anthu kwachikhalire m’maiko ambiri. (1 Petro 1:24, 25) Koma panali kudzachitika zina—zinanso zambiri.
Kodi Mukukumbukira?
◻ Kodi “mawu a Mulungu wathu” amene akhala kosatha ndiwo chiyani?
◻ Kodi pakhala kuyesayesa kotani kwa kupondereza Baibulo, ndipo patsatiranji?
◻ Kodi Baibulo latetezeredwa motani kuti likhalebe loona?
◻ Kodi mawu a Mulungu onena za chifuno akhala bwanji mawu amoyo?
[Bokosi patsamba 12]
Kodi Tikudziŵadi Zimene Baibulo Linanena Poyambirira?
Zolembedwa pamanja zachihebri pafupifupi 6,000 zimachitira umboni nkhani za mu Malemba Achihebri. Zingapo mwa zimenezi ndi za m’nyengo ina Chikristu chisanakhaleko. Mwina zolembedwa pamanja zokwanira 19 zomwe zilipo za Malemba onse Achihebri ndi za panthaŵi ina asanapeze njira yosindikiza ndi zilembo zosuntha. Ndiponso, pali matembenuzidwe a panthaŵi imeneyo a m’zinenero zina 28.
Ponena za Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu, zolembedwa pamanja pafupifupi 5,000 za m’Chigiriki zandandalitsidwa. Cholembedwa china mwa zimenezi akuti ndi cha panthaŵi ina 125 C.E. isanakwane, ndiko kuti zaka zingapo zokha zolembedwa pamanja zoyambirira zitalembedwa. Ndipo zidutswa zina akuziganizira kuti ndi zakale kuposa pamenepo. Mabuku ouziridwa 22 mwa 27 ali ndi zolembedwa pamanja zathunthu 10 mpaka 19 za zilembo zakale. Chiŵerengero chaching’ono koposa cha zolembedwa pamanja zathunthu zokhala ndi zilembo zakale pamabuku alionse kumbali iyi ya Baibulo ndi zitatu—za Chivumbulutso. Cholembedwa pamanja china chathunthu cha Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu ndi cha m’zaka za zana lachinayi C.E.
Palibe buku linanso lakale lotsimikizidwa ndi maumboni akale olembedwa ochuluka chotere.