Mariya (Amayi ŵa Yesu)

Tanthauzo: Mkazi wosankhidwa ndi Mulungu ndi woyanjidwa kwambiri amene anabala Yesu. Pali Amariya ena asanu otchulidwa m’Baibulo. Ameneyu anali mbadwa ya Mfumu Davide, wa fuko la Yuda, ndipo anali mwana wamkazi wa Heli. Pamene akudziŵikitsidwa kwa ife kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m’Malemba, iye ngwopalidwa ubwenzi ndi Yosefe, amenenso anali wa fuko la Yuda ndi mbadwa ya Davide.

Kodi tingaphunzirenji kuchokera ku cholembedwa cha Baibulo chonena za Mariya?

(1) Phunziro la kufunitsitsa kumvetsera zimene Mulungu amanena kupyolera mwa amithenga ake ngakhale ngati zimene timva poyamba zingativutitse maganizo kapena kuwonekera kukhala zosatheka.—Luka 1:26-37.

(2) Kulimba mtima kuchita mogwirizana ndi zimene munthuwe umva kukhala chifuniro cha Mulungu, kudalira kotheratu mwa iye. (Wonani Luka 1:38. Monga momwe kwasonyezedwera pa Deuteronomo 22:23, 24, pakakhala zotulukapo zowopsa kwa msungwana Wachiyuda wosakwatidwa amene anapezedwa ndi pakati.)

(3) Kufunitsitsa kwa Mulungu kugwiritsira ntchito munthu mosasamala kanthu mkhalidwe wa munthuyo m’moyo.—Yerekezerani ndi Luka 2:22-24 ndi Levitiko 12:1-8.

(4) Kuika chigogomezero pazinthu zauzimu. (Wonani Luka 2:41; Machitidwe 1:14. Sikunali kofunika kuti akazi Achiyuda agwirizane ndi amuna awo paulendo wautali womka ku Yerusalemu panthaŵi ya Paskha chaka chirichonse, koma Mariya anatero.)

(5) Kuyamikiridwa kwa chiyero cha makhalidwe abwino.—Luka 1:34.

(6) Khama m’kuphunzitsa ana a munthuwe Mawu a Mulungu. (Zimenezi zinasonyezedwa m’zimene Yesu anali kuchita pamsinkhu wa zaka 12. Wonani Luka 2:42, 46-49.)

Kodi Mariya analidi namwali pamene anabala Yesu?

Luka 1:26-31 (JB) akusimba kuti kunali kwa “namwali” dzina lake Mariya kumene mngelo Gabrieli anaperekako uthenga wakuti: “Udzakhala ndi pakati ndi kubala mwana wamwamuna, ndipo uyenera kumutcha dzina lake Yesu.” Pa ichi, vesi 34 limafotokoza kuti, “Mariya anati kwa mngelo, Koma izi zingachitike motani, popeza ndine mamwali [“sindidziŵa mwamuna; ndiko kuti, monga mwamuna wanga,” mawu amtsinde NAB; “Sindinagonane ndi mwamuna,” NW]?” Mateyu 1:22-25 (JB) imawonjezera kuti: “Koma zonsezi zinachitika kukwaniritsa mawu olankhulidwa ndi Ambuye kupyolera mwa mneneri akuti; Namwali adzaima ndi kubala mwana wamwamuna ndipo adzamutcha iye Emanueli, dzinali limene limatanthauza Mulungu nafe. Pamene Yosefe anadzuka anachita zimene mngelo wa Ambuye anali atamuuza kuchita: anatengera mkazi wake kunyumba kwake, ngakhale kuli kwakuti sanagone naye, anabala mwana wamwamuna; ndipo anamutcha dzina lake Yesu.”

Kodi zimenezi ziri zomveka? Ndithudi sikunali kosatheka kwa Mlengi, amene analenga ziŵalo zobalira za munthu, kuika moyo m’selo ladzila m’mimba ya Mariya mwanjira yozizwitsa. Mozizwitsa, Yehova anasamutsa mphamvu ya moyo ndi mkhalidwe waumunthu za Mwana wake wachisamba wakumwamba m’mimba mwa Mariya. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya Mulungu mwini, mzimu wake woyera, unatetezera kukula kwa mwanayo m’mimba mwa Mariya kotero kuti chimene chinabadwa chinali munthu wangwiro.—Luka 1:35; Yoh. 17:5.

Kodi Mariya anali namwali nthaŵi zonse?

Mat. 13:53-56, JB imati: “Pamene Yesu anatsiriza mafanizo aŵa anachoka m’chigawocho; ndipo, atafika ku tawuni ya kwawo, anaphunzitsa anthu m’sunagoge mwawo mwanjira yakuti anazizwa ndipo anati, ‘Anatenga kuti nzeru munthu uyu ndi mphamvu zozizwitsa izi? Ndithudi uyu ndi mwana wamwamuna wa kalipentala, sichoncho? Koma kodi amake sindiwo mkazi uja dzina lake Mariya, ndipo abale ake [Chigiriki, a·del·phoiʹ] sindiwo Yakobo ndi Yosefe ndi Simoni ndi Yuda? Kodi alongo ake [Chigiriki, a·del·phaiʹ], nawonso, sali onse pano pakati pathu?’” (Pamaziko a lembali, kodi mukadanena kuti Yesu anali mwana mmodzi yekha wa Mariya kapena kuti anali ndi ana ena aamuna kuphatikizapo ana aakazi?)

New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Vol. IX, p. 337) ikuvomereza ponena za mawu Achigiriki akuti a·del·phoiʹ ndi a·del·phaiʹ, ogwiritsiridwa ntchito pa Mateyu 13:55, 56, kuti amanewa “ali ndi tanthauzo la mbale ndi mlongo wa mimba imodzi m’chinenero Chachigiriki m’nthaŵi ya olemba Uthenga Wabwino ndipo mwachibadwa akamvedwa motero ndi woŵerenga wake Wachigiriki m’lingaliro limeneli. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 4 (c. 380) Helvidius m’bukhu limene tsopano silikupezeka anatchula mfundoyi kusonyeza Mariya kukhala ndi ana ena kuwonjezera pa Yesu kotero kuti kumampangitsa kukhala chitsanzo cha amayi okhala ndi mabanja aakulu. St. Jerome, mosonkhezeredwa ndi mwambo wa chikhulupiliro chodziŵika cha Tchalitchi cha unamwali wosatha wa Mariya, analemba kabukhu kotsutsa Helvidius (A.D. 383) m’kamene analongosolamo malongosoledwe . . . amene akali otchuka pakati pa ophunzira Achikatolika.”

Marko 3:31-35, JB: “Amake ndi abale ake anafika ndipo, ataima kunja, anatumiza uthenga womuitana. Khamu linakhala momkweteza panthaŵi imene uthengawo unaperekedwa kwa iye wakuti, ‘Amayi anu ndi abale anu ndi alongo akukuitanani panja.’ Iye anayankha kuti, ‘Kodi amayi ndani ndi abale anga?’ Ndipo powunguzawunguza anthu amene anakhala momkweteza, anati, ‘Amayi ndi abale anga ndi aŵa. Aliyense amene achita chifuniro cha Mulungu, munthu ameneyo ndiye mbale wanga ndi mlongo wanga ndi amayi.’” (Panopa kusiyanitsa kowoneka bwino kwasonyezedwa pakati pa abale akuthupi a Yesu ndi abale ake akuuzimu, ophunzira ake. Palibe munthu amene amanena kuti mawu onena za amake a Yesu amatanthauza kanthu kalikonse kosiyana ndi zimene amanena. Pamenepa, kodi kuli koyenera, kulingalira kuti abale ake akuthupi amenewa sanali koma kuti mwinamwake anali ang’ono a kwa mayi ŵake ŵaang’ono? Pamene otanthauzidwa sali abale koma anansi, liwu la Chigiriki losiyana limagwiritsiridwa ntchito, [syg·ge·nonʹ], monga pa Luka 21:16.)

Kodi Mariya anali amayi ŵa Mulungu?

Mngelo amene anadziŵitsa za kubadwa kozizwitsa kumene kunali kudzachitika sananene kuti mwana wake akakhala Mulungu. Iye anati: “Udzakhala ndi pakati ndi kubala mwana wamwamuna, ndipo uyenera kumutcha dzina lake Yesu. Adzakhala wamkulu ndipo adzatchedwa Mwana wa Wam’mwambamwamba. . . . Mwanayo adzakhala woyera ndipo adzatchedwa Mwana wa Mulungu.”—Luka 1:31-35, JB; kanyenye wawonjezeredwa.

Aheb. 2:14, 17, JB: “Popeza kuti ana onse amakhala ndi mwazi umodzimodziwo ndi thupi, iye [Yesu] mofananamo anakhala nazo mofananamo . . . Kunali kofunika kuti mwanjirayi ayenera kukhala wofanana kotheratu ndi abale ake.” (Koma kodi iye akadakhala “wofanana kotheratu ndi abale ake” ngati iye akanakhala Mulungu munthu?)

New Catholic Encyclopedia imati: “Mariya alidi amayi ŵa Mulungu ngati mikhalidwe iŵiri ikwaniritsidwa: kuti iye alidi amayi ŵa Yesu ndi kuti Yesu alidi Mulungu.” (1967, Vol. X, p. 21) Baibulo limanena kuti Mariya anali amayi ŵa Yesu, koma kodi Yesu anali Mulungu? M’zaka za zana lachinayi, nthaŵi yaitali pambuyo pa kutha kulembedwa kwa Baibulo, Tchalitchi chinapeka chiphunzitso chake cha Utatu. (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Vol. XIV, p. 295; wonani tsamba 391, pamutu wakuti “Utatu.”) Panthaŵiyo m’Chiphunzitso cha Nicene Tchalichi chinanena za Yesu Kristu kukhala “Mulungu mwiniyo.” Pambuyo pa zimenezo, pa Msonkhano wa ku Efeso mu 431 C.E., Mariya analengezedwa ndi Tchalichi kukhala The·o·toʹkos, kutanthauza “nakubala wa Mulungu” kapena “Amayi ŵa Mulungu.” Komabe, palibe onse a mawuwo kapena lingaliro amene amapezeka m’malemba apamanja a matembenuzidwe alionse a Baibulo. (Wonani tsamba 426-430, pamutu wakuti “Yesu Kristu.”)

Kodi Mariya iye mwini anali wangwiro m’mimba mwa amake, wopanda tchimo loyambirira?

New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Vol. VII, pp. 378-381) imavomereza ponena za chiyambi cha chikhulupirirochi kuti: “ . . . Kukhaliridwa pakati Kwangwiro sikumaphunzitsidwa mwachindunji m’Malemba . . . Abambo a Tchalichi oyambirira ankawona Mariya kukhala wopatulika koma osati monga wopanda tchimo kotheratu. . . . Kuli kosatheka kupereka deti lenileni pamene chiphunzitsochi chinawonedwa kukhala mbali ya chikhulupiriro, koma kukuwonekera kuti podzafika m’zaka za zana la 8 kapena la 9 chinali chitavomerezedwa ndi onse. . . . [Mu 1854 Papa Pius IX anatanthauzira chiphunzitsocho] ‘chimene chikutsimikizira kuti Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa koposa anatetezeredwa kutchimo loyambirira lirilonse poyambirira m’Mimba.’” Chiphunzitso chimenechi chinatsimikiziridwa ndi Vatican II (1962-1965).—The Documents of Vatican II (New York, 1966), lolembedwa ndi W. M. Abbott, S.J., p. 88.

Baibulo lenilenilo limati: “Chifukwa chake, monga uchimo unaloŵa m’dziko lapansi mwa munthu mmodzi [Adamu], ndi imfa mwa uchimo; chotero imfa inafikira anthu onse, chifukwa kuti onse anachimwa.” (Aroma 5:12; kanyenye wawonjezeredwa.) Kodi zimenezo zimaphatikizapo Mariya? Baibulo limasimba kuti mogwirizana ndi zofunika za Chilamulo cha Mose, masiku 40 pambuyo pakubadwa kwa Yesu Mariya anapereka nsembe yauchimo pakachisi m’Yerusalemu kuti ayeretsedwe pakudetsedwa. Iyenso, anali ndi choloŵa cha uchimo ndi kupanda ungwiro zochokera kwa Adamu.—Luka 2:22-24; Lev. 12:1-8.

Kodi Mariya anakwera kumwamba ndi thupi lake laumunthu?

Pochitira ndemanga pa chilengezo chopangidwa ndi Papa Pius XII mu 1950 chimene chinapangitsa chiphunzitso chimenechi kukhala nkhani yeniyeni ya chikhulupiriro Chachikatolika, New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Vol. I, p. 972) imati: “M’Baibulo mulibe matchulidwe achindunji Akukwera kumeneku, koma Papa akuumilira m’chilengezo chakuti Malemba ndiwo maziko a chowonadi chimenechi.”

Baibulo lenilenilo limati: “Thupi ndi mwazi sizingathe kuloŵa Ufumu wa Mulungu; kapena chivundi sichiloŵa chisavundi.” (1 Akor. 15:50) Yesu ananena kuti “Mulungu ndiye mzimu” Pa chiukiriro Yesu anakhalanso mzimu, tsopano monga “mzimu wakulenga moyo.” Angelo ndiwo mizimu. (Yoh. 4:24; 1 Akor. 15:45; Aheb. 1:13, 14) Ali kuti maziko Amalemba onenera kuti munthu aliyense akapeza moyo wakumwamba m’thupi limene limafunikira zinthu zakuthupi zapadziko lapansi kulichirikiza? (Wonani tsamba 107-110, pamutu wakuti “Chiukiriro.”)

Kodi kuli koyenerera kupereka mapemphero kwa Mariya monga mtetezi?

Yesu Kristu anati: “Pempherani inu chomwechi: Atate wathu wakumwamba . . . ” Iye anatinso: “Ine ndine njira, ndi chowonadi, ndi moyo. Palibe munthu adza kwa Atate, koma mwa ine. . . . Ngati mudzapempha kanthu m’dzina langa, ndidzachita.”—Mat. 6:9; Yoh. 14:6, 14, kanyenye wawonjezeredwa.

Kodi mapemphero omka kwa Atate kupyolera mwa Yesu Kristu adzalandiridwa bwino ndi mwachifundo monga momwe akanachitira ngati akanalunjikitsidwa kwa munthu amene anali ndi zochitika za kukhala mkazi? Ponena za Atate, Baibulo limatiuza kuti: “Monga atate achitira ana ake chifundo, Yehova achitira chifundo iwo akumuwopa iye. Popeza adziŵa mapangidwe athu; akumbukira kuti ife ndife fumbi.” Iye ndiye “Mulungu wachifundo ndi wachisomo, wolekereza, ndi wa ukoma mtima wochuluka, ndi wachowonadi.” (Sal. 103:13, 14; Eks. 34:6) Ndipo ponena za Kristu kwalembedwa kuti: “Sitiri naye mkulu wa ansembe wosatha kumva chifundo ndi zofooka zathu; koma wayesedwa m’zonse monga momwe ife, koma wopanda uchimo. Potero tilimbike mtima poyandikira mpando wachifumu wachisomo, kuti tilandire chifundo ndi kupeza chisomo cha kutithandiza nthaŵi yakusoŵa.”—Aheb. 4:15, 16.

Kodi kulemekeza mafano a Mariya kuli kogwirizana ndi Chikristu Chabaibulo?

Chizoloŵezicho kwenikweni chinalimbikitsidwa ndi Vatican II (1962-1965). “Upo wopatulika koposa uno . . . Ukulimbikitsa ana onse a Tchalichi kuti, makamaka dzoma lakulambira, la Namwali Wodalitsidwa, kuti lichirikizidwe mwaulemu. Kukunenedwa kuti zizoloŵezi ndi ntchito za kupembedza zolunjikitsidwa kwa iye zilemekezedwe monga momwe zikuvomerezedwera ndi chiphunzitso chodalirika cha Tchalichi m’kupita kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndi kuti malamulo operekedwa kale amenewo onena za kulemekezedwa kwa zifanizo za Kristu, Namwali Wodalitsidwa ndi woyera mtima, zisungidwe mwachipembedzo.”—The Documents of Vatican II, pp. 94, 95.

Kuti mupeze yankho la Baibulo, wonani “Zifanizo,” tsamba 434-438.

Kodi Mariya analemekezedwa mwapadera mumpingo Wachikristu m’zaka za zana loyamba?

Mtumwi Petro sakumtchula konse m’malemba ake ouziridwa. Mtumwi Paulo sanagwiritsire ntchito dzina lake m’makalata ake ouziridwa koma analankhula za iye kokha monga “mkazi.”—Agal. 4:4.

Kodi ndichitsanzo chotani chimene Yesu mwiniyo anapereka ponena za amake?

Yoh. 2:3, 4: “Pakutha vinyo [paphwando la ukwati m’Kana], amake ŵa Yesu ananena naye, Alibe vinyo. Yesu ananena naye, Mkazi, ndiri ndi chiyani ndi inu [“kodi zimenezo ziri nchiyani kwa ine ndi kwa inu,” Dy]? Nthaŵi yanga siinafike.” (Pamene Yesu anali kamwana anadzigonjetsera kwa amake ndi kwa atate wake wolera. Koma tsopano popeza anali wachikulire anakana mokoma mtima koma mwamphamvu malangizo a Mariya. Modzichepetsa Mariya anavomereza uphunguwo.)

Luka 11:27, 28: “Ndipo kunali, pakunena izi iye [Yesu] mkazi wina mwa khamu la anthu anakweza mawu, nati kwa iye, Yodala mimba imene idakubalani, ndi maŵere amene munayamwa. Koma iye anati, Inde, koma odala iwo akumva mawu a Mulungu nawasunga.” (Ndithudi umenwu ukanakhala mwaŵi wabwino kwambiri kwa Yesu kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa amake ngati kutere kukanakhala koyenerera. Iye sanatero.)

Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri magwero a m’mbiri a kulambiridwa kwa Mariya?

Wansembe Wachikatolika Andrew Greeley amati: “Mariya ali chimodzi cha zifanizo za chipembedzo zotchuka koposa m’mbiri ya dziko Lakumadzulo . . . Chifanizo cha Mariya chimagwirizanitsa mwachindunji Chikristu ndi zipembedzo zakale za milungu yachikazi imene inali anakubala.”—The Making of the Popes 1978 (U.S.A., 1979), p. 227.

Chokondweretsa ndicho malo amene chiphunzitso chakuti Mariya ndiye Amayi ŵa Mulungu chinatsimikiziridwa. “Bungwe la Aefeso linasonkhana m’kachisi wa Roma wa Theotokos mu 431. Kumeneko, mu mzinda wotchuka kwambiri kaamba kakudzipereka kwake kwa Artemi, kapena Diana monga momwe Aroma anamtchera, kumene fano lake linanenedwa kukhala linagwera kuchokera kumwamba, pansi pa mthunzi wa kachisi wamkulu wopatulikitsidwira kwa Magna Mater kuyambira 330 B.C. ndipo, mogwirizana ndi kunena kwa mwambo, anali ndi malo okhala Mariya akanthaŵi, dzina laulemu lakuti ‘amayi ŵa Mulungu’ silikanalephera konse kuchirikizidwa.”—The Cult of the Mother-Goddess (New York, 1959), E. O. James, p. 207.

Ngati Wina Anena Kuti—

‘Kodi Mumakhulupirira mwa Mariya Namwaliyo?’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Malemba Opatulika amanena momvekera kuti amayi ŵa Yesu Kristu anali namwali, ndipo timakhulupirira zimenezo. Mulungu anali Atate ŵake. Mwana amene anabadwa analidi Mwana wa Mulungu, monga momwedi mngelo anauzira Mariya. (Luka 1:35)’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Koma kodi munayamba mwadabwa chifukwa chake kunali kofunika kwambiri kuti Yesu abadwe motere? . . . Kunali kokha mwanjirayo kuti dipo loyenerera likanaperekedwa limene likatheketsa kumasuka kuchokera ku uchimo ndi imfa kwa ife.—1 Tim. 2:5, 6; ndiyeno mwinamwake Yoh. 3:16.’

Kapena munganene kuti: ‘Inde, timakhulupirira. Timakhulupira chirichonse chimene Malemba Opatulika amanena ponena za iye, ndipo amanena motsimikizirika kuti iye anabala Yesu ali namwali. Ndimapezanso zinthu zina kukhala zochititsa chidwi zimene amatisimbira ponena za Mariya ndi mfundo zimene tingaphunzire kuchokera kwa iye. (Gwiritsani ntchito chidziŵitso cha pa tsamba 254, 255.

‘Simumakhulupirira mwa Mariya Namwaliyo’

Mungayankhe kuti: ‘Ndizindikira kuti pali anthu amene samakhulupirira kuti anali namwali amene anabala Mwana wa Mulungu. Koma ife timakhulupirira zimenezo. (Tsegulani limodzi la mabukhu athu pachigawo chimene chimafotokoza nkhani imeneyi ndi kusonyeza mwininyumba.)’ Ndiyeno mwinamwake wonjezerani kuti: ‘Koma kodi pali kanthu kena kalikonse kofunika kuti tipeze chipulumutso? . . . Tawonani chimene Yesu ananena m’pemphero kwa Atate wake. (Yoh. 17:3)’