“New World Translation”​—Yaukatswiri ndi Yowona

“LODZALA ndi zinyengo!” Ndimmene otsutsa analinenera Baibulo lotembenuzidwa ndi Martin Luther, kalelo m’zaka za zana la 16. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti akatha kutsimikizira kuti Baibulo la Luther linali ndi “zophophonya zachipanduko ndi mabodza zokwanira 1,400.” Lerolino, Baibulo la Luther likulingaliridwa kukhala matembenuzidwe abwino apadera. Bukhu lakuti Translating the Bible limalitchadi kukhala “ntchito ya waluntha”!

M’zaka za zana lino la 20, New World Translation yanenezedwanso kukhala ndi zinyengo. Chifukwa ninji? Chifukwa chakuti imapatukapo pa mamasuliridwe amwambo a mavesi ambiri ndikugogomezera kugwiritsira ntchito dzina la Mulungu, lakuti Yehova. Chotero, siimamatira kumwambo. Koma kodi chimenechi chimaipanga kukhala yonama? Ayi. Iyo inalembedwa mosamalitsa kwenikweni ndipo chisamaliro chachikulu chinaperekedwa ku tsatanetsatane wake, ndipo zimene zingawonekere kukhala zachilendo zimasonyeza kuyesayesa kowona mtima kwakuwafotokoza mosamalitsa malingaliro a zinenero zoyambirira. Katswiri wa maphunziro azaumulungu C. Houtman akufotokoza chifukwa chake New World Translation siri ya mwambo motere: “Matembenuzidwe amwambo osiyanasiyana a mawu ofunika kwambiri a malemba oyambirira achotsedwamo, mwachiwonekere kotero kuti akufikire kumvetsetsa kwabwino koposa kothekera.” Tiyeni tilingalire zitsanzo zina za ameneŵa.

Osiyana​—Koma Osalakwa

Choyamba, mawu ogwirizana kwambiri m’zinenero zoyambirira za Baibulo amatembenuzidwa, pamene kuli kothekera, ndi mawu Achingelezi osiyanasiyana, motero kuzindikiritsa wophunzira Baibulo matanthauzo osiyana othekera. Chotero, syn·teʹlei·a imamasuliridwa kukhala “chimaliziro” ndipo teʹlos “mapeto,” ngakhale kuti mawu aŵiriŵa amatembenuzidwa “mapeto” m’matembenuzidwe ena ambiri. (Mateyu 24:3, 13) Liwu lakuti koʹsmos limamasuliridwa kukhala “dziko,” ai·onʹ “dongosolo lazinthu,” ndipo oi·kou·meʹne “dziko lapansi lokhalidwa ndi anthu.” Ndiponso, matembenuzidwe ambiri a Baibulo amangogwiritsira ntchito “dziko” kutanthauza mawu aŵiri kapena atatu onse Achigiriki ameneŵa, ngakhale kuti, palidi kusiyana pakati pawo.​—Mateyu 13:38, 39; 24:14.

Mofananamo, New World Translation mosamalitsa imasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa gnoʹsis (“chidziŵitso”) ndi e·piʹgno·sis (lotembenuzidwa “chidziŵitso cholongosoka”)​—kusiyana kumene kumanyalanyazidwa ndi ena ambiri. (Afilipi 1:9; 3:8) Imasiyanitsanso pakati pa taʹphos (“manda,” malo okwiriramo munthu), mneʹma (“lithinda”), mne·meiʹon (“lithinda lachikumbukiro”), ndi haiʹdes (“hade,” losonyezedwa m’Baibulo kutanthauza manda wamba a anthu akufa). (Mateyu 27:60, 61; Yohane 5:28; Machitidwe 2:29, 31) Matembenuzidwe a Baibulo osiyanasiyana amasiyanitsa pakati pa taʹphos and mne·meiʹon pa Mateyu 23:29 koma osati mofanana kwina kulikonse.​—Onani Mateyu 27:60, 61, New International Version.

Matanthauzo a mneni amamasuliridwa mosamalitsa ndi molongosoka. Mwachitsanzo, mu Revised Standard Version, 1 Yohane 2:1 amati: “Ngati wina aliyense achimwa, tiri ndi nkhoswe kwa Atate, Yesu Kristu wolungamayo.” Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, matembenuzidwe amodzimodziwo amamasulira 1 Yohane 3:6 motere: “Aliyense wokhala mwa [Yesu] sachimwa.” Ngati palibe wotsatira wa Yesu amene amachimwa, kodi 1 Yohane 2:1 amatanthauzanji?

New World Translation imathetsa kowonekera kukhala ngati kuwombana kumeneku. Pa 1 Yohane 2:1, imati: “Ndikukulemberani zinthuzi kuti musachite tchimo. Komabe, ngati wina aliyense achita tchimo, tiri naye mthandizi kwa Atate, Yesu Kristu, wolungamayo.” M’vesi iri Yohane anagwiritsira ntchito liwu longotchula, akusonyeza kuchitidwa kwa tchimo la apa ndi apo, chinthu chimene tonsefe timachichita kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi chifukwa chakuti ndife opanda ungwiro. Komabe, 1 Yohane 3:6 imati: “Aliyense wokhala naye mchigwirizano samachita matchimo; aliyense womachita matchimo sanamuwone iye kapena kumudziŵa.” Yohane panopa anagwiritsira ntchito liwu losonyeza tsopano, kutanthauza kuchita tchimo kopitirizabe, kwachizoloŵezi kumene kukachititsa kudzinenera kwa munthu kukhala Mkristu kukhala kopanda pake.

Akatswiri Ena Amavomereza

Mawu ena achilendo olingaliridwa kukhala opekedwa ndi Mboni za Yehova amachilikizidwa ndi matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo kapena mabuku a zilozero. Pa Luka 23:43, mu New World Translation tipezapo mawu a Yesu kwa mpandu amene ananyongedwa pamodzi naye akuti: “Ndithudi ndikuuza lerolino, Udzakhala nane m’Paradaiso.” Mu Chigiriki choyambirira, munalibe zizindikiro zogaŵa mawu zonga makoma; koma kaŵirikaŵiri zizindikirozi zimaphatikizidwamo ndi otembenuza kuthandiza kuŵerenga. Komabe, ochuluka amapangitsa Luka 23:43 kumvekera monga ngati kuti Yesu ndi mpanduyo ankapita ku Paradaiso tsiku lomwelo. The New English Bible imati: “Ndikuuza iwe kuti: lerolino udzakhala nane m’Paradaiso.” Komabe, sionse amene amapereka lingaliro limeneli. Profesa Wilhelm Michaelis amamasulira vesilo motere: “Ndithudi, lerolino ndikupatsiratu chitsimikizo: (tsiku lina) udzakhala pamodzi nane m’paradaiso.” Kumasulira kumeneku nkwanzerupo kuposa kwa The New English Bible. Mpandu womafayo sakanapita ndi Yesu ku Paradaiso tsiku lomwelo. Yesu sanaukitsidwe kufikira tsiku lachitatu pambuyo pa imfa yake. Panthaŵiyi iye adali m’Hade, manda wamba a anthu.​—Machitidwe 2:27, 31; 10:39, 40.

Mogwirizana ndi Mateyu 26:26 mu New World Translation, Yesu, pamene anayambitsa phwando la Mgonero wa Ambuye, imanena motere ponena za mkate umene akuupatsira kwa ophunzira ake: “Uwu utanthauza thupi langa.” Matembenuzidwe ena ambiri amamasulira vesili motere: “Uwu ndi thupi langa,” ndipo amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchirikiza chiphunzitso chakuti mkati mwa phwando la Mgonero wa Ambuye, mkatewo umakhala mnofu weniweni wa Kristu. Liwu lotembenuzidwa “utanthauza” (es·tinʹ, mtundu wa ei·miʹ) mu New World Translation limachokera ku liwu Lachigiriki lotanthauza “kukhala,” koma lingatanthauzenso “kutanthauza.” Chotero, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament ya Thayer imanena kuti mneni ameneyu “kaŵirikaŵiri amafanana ndi kusonyeza, kuzindikiritsa, kupereka lingaliro.” Ndithudi, liwu lakuti “utanthauza” ndilo matembenuzidwe anzeru panopa. Pamene Yesu anayambitsa Mgonero Wotsirizira, mnofu wake udalikobe ku mafupa ake, nangano ndimotani mmene mkatewo ukanakhalira mnofu wake weniweni?a

Pa Yohane 1:1 New World Translation imati: “Mawu anali mulungu.” M’matembenuzidwe ambiri ndemangayi imati: “Mawu anali Mulungu” ndipo imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuchilikiza chiphunzitso cha Utatu. Mosadabwitsa, nchifukwa chake okhulupirira Utatu samakufuna kumasulira kwa New World Translation. Koma Yohane 1:1 sinapotozedwe kotero kuti imutsimikizire Yesu kusakhala Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse. Kalekale New World Translation isanakhalepo, Mboni za Yehova, pakati pa ena ambiri, zinatsutsa kulemba chilembo choyambirira cha liwu lakuti “mulungu” kukhala chachikulu, kumene kuli kuyesayesa kumasulira molongosoka chinenero choyambirira. Ajeremani asanu otembenuza Baibulo mofananamo amagwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “mulungu” m’vesi limenelo.b Pafupifupi ena 13 agwiritsira ntchito mawu onga “wa mtundu waumulungu” kapena “waumulungu.” Kumasulira kumeneku kumamvana ndi mbali zina za Baibulo kuvomereza kuti, inde, Yesu kumwamba ali mulungu m’lingaliro lakuti ngwaumulungu. Koma Yehova ndi Yesu sali munthu mmodzimodzi, Mulungu mmodzimodzi.​—Yohane 14:28; 20:17.

Dzina Laumwini la Mulungu

Pa Luka 4:18, mogwirizana ndi New World Translation, Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito kwa iyemwini ulosi wa Yesaya, akumati: “Mzimu wa Yehova uli pa ine.” (Yesaya 61:1) Ambiri amatsutsa kugwiritsiridwa kwa dzina la Yehova panopa. Komabe, awa ndi amodzi okha a malo 200 pamene dzinalo limawonekera mu New World Translation ya Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki, otchedwa Chipangano Chatsopano. Zowonadi, palibe mamanyusikripiti oyambirira Achigiriki omwe adakalipo a “Chipangano Chatsopano” okhala ndi dzina laumwini la Mulungu. Koma dzinalo linaphatikizidwamo mu New World Translation kaamba ka zifukwa zabwino, osati mwalingaliro lansontho. Ndipo ena atsatira njira yofananayo. M’chinenero cha Chijeremani chokha, pafupifupi matembenuzidwe 11 amagwiritsira ntchito “Yehova” (kapena matchulidwe otsatira Chihebri akuti, “Yahweh”) m’malemba a “Chipangano Chatsopano,” pamene kuli kwakuti otembenuza anayi amaika dzinalo m’mabulaketi pambuyo pa “Ambuye.”c Matembenuzidwe Achijeremani oposa 70 amaligwiritsira ntchito m’mawu amtsinde kapena m’ndemanga.

Mu Israyeli, dzina la Mulungu linkatchulidwa popanda chiletso kwa zaka zoposa chikwi chimodzi. Ndilo dzina limene limapezeka mobwerezabwereza koposa m’Malemba Achihebri (“Chipangano Chakale”), ndipo palibe umboni wokhutiritsa wakuti linali losadziŵika kwa anthu aunyinji kapena kuti matchulidwe ake adaiŵalidwa m’zaka za zana loyamba la Nyengo Yathu ino, pamene Akristu Achiyuda anauziridwa kulemba mabuku a “Chipangano Chatsopano.”​—Rute 2:4.

Wolfgang Feneberg anathirira ndemanga m’magazini a Jesuit otchedwa Entschluss/​ Offen (April 1985) motere: “Iye [Yesu] sanatibisire dzina la atate ŵake lakuti YHWH, koma analiikizira kwa ife. Ngati sitero ndiko kuti nchosalongosoleka chifukwa chimene pempho loyamba la Pemphero la Ambuye liyenera kunenera kuti: ‘Dzina lanu liyeretsedwe!’” Feneberg akuwonjezera kuti “m’mamanyusikripiti a Chikristu chisanakhale a Ayuda olankhula Chigiriki, dzina la Mulungu silinkatchulidwa ndi kýrios [Ambuye], koma linalembedwa mwamtundu wa [YHWH] mu zilembo za Chihebri kapena za Chihebri chamwambo. . . . Timapeza zosonkhanitsidwa za dzinalo m’mabuku a Abambo Atchalitchi; koma iwo samalikonda. Mwakutembenuza dzinali kýrios (Ambuye), Abambo Atchalitchi anakonda kwambiri kupereka ulemu wa kýrios kwa Yesu Kristu.” New World Translation imabwezeretsa dzinalo m’malemba a Baibulo paliponse pokhala chifukwa chochitira choncho, chabwino ndi chaukatswiri.​—Onani Appendix 1D mu Reference Bible.

Ena amasuliza kalembedwe ka “Yehova” kamene New World Translation imamasulira dzina la Mulungu. M’mamanyusikripiti Achihebri, dzinalo limapezeka kokha monga zilembo za konsonanti zinayi, YHWH, ndipo ambiri amaumirira kuti matchulidwe olondola ngakuti “Yahweh,” osati “Yehova.” Chotero, amalingalira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito “Yehova” nkulakwa. Koma, m’chenicheni, akatswiri samavomerezana konse kuti kalembedwe ka “Yahweh” kamaimira matchulidwe oyambirira. Chenicheni nchakuti pamene kuli kwakuti Mulungu anasunga zilembo za dzina lake za “YHWH” kwa nthaŵi zoposa 6,000 m’Baibulo, iye sanasunge matchulidwe ake amene Mose anawamva pa Phiri la Sinai. (Eksodo 20:2) Chotero, matchulidwe sindiwo ofunika koposa pakali pano.

Mu Yuropu kalembedwe kakuti “Yehova” kazindikiridwa mofala kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo kakugwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Mabaibulo ambiri, kuphatikizapo matembenuzidwe Achiyuda. Limapezeka kwa nthaŵi zosaŵerengeka pa nyumba, pa ndalama ndi zinthu zina, ndipo m’mabuku osindikizidwa, limodzinso ndi m’nyimbo zambiri za tchalitchi. Chotero mmalo moyesa kuimira matchulidwe Achihebri choyambirira, New World Translation m’zinenero zake zonse zosiyanasiyana imagwiritsira ntchito kalembedwe ka dzina la Mulungu kamene nkolandirika mofala. Umu ndimmenedi matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo amachitira ndi maina ena onse a m’Baibulo.

Kodi Nchifukwa Ninji Pali Kusuliza Kwamphamvu?

Baibulo la Luther linasulizidwa chifukwa chakuti linalembedwa ndi munthu amene anavumbula zophophonya za chipembedzo chamwambo cha m’tsiku lake. Matembenuzidwe ake anawatsegula maso anthu wamba kuona chowonadi cha zimene iye ananena. Mofananamo, New World Translation imasulizidwa chifukwa chakuti imafalitsidwa ndi Mboni za Yehova, amene amalengeza poyera kuti ziphunzitso zambiri za Chikristu Chadziko sizipezeka m’Baibulo. New World Translation​—ndithudi, Baibulo lirilonse​—limatsimikizira chimenechi.

Kwenikweni, New World Translation liri bukhu laukatswiri. Mu 1989, Profesa Benjamin Kedar wa ku Israyeli anati: “M’kufufuza kwanga zinenero m’chigwirizano ndi Baibulo Lachihebri ndi matembenuzidwe, nthaŵi zonse ndimasonya ku kope Lachingelezi lotchedwa New World Translation. Potero, ndimapeza malingaliro anga akukhutiritsidwa kuti bukhu limeneli limasonyeza kuyesayesa kowona mtima kwakupeza kumvetsetsa kwa malemba kolongosoka monga momwe kungathekere. Kupereka umboni wa mphamvu ya chinenero choyambirira, iyo imamasulira mawu oyambirira m’chinenero chachiŵiri momvekera bwino popanda kupambuka mosafunikira pa kalembedwe ka Chihebri. . . . Ndemanga iriyonse ya chinenero imalola mlingo wakutiwakuti m’kumasulira kapena kutembenuza. Chotero, chothetsera vuto lachinenero m’chochitika chirichonse chingakhale chotseguka ku makani. Koma mu New World Translation sindinapezemo konse kusinjirira kwa kuŵerenga chinachake chimene m’malemba mulibe.”

Mamiliyoni a oŵerenga Baibulo padziko lonse amagwiritsira ntchito New World Translation chifukwa chakuti ndimatembenuzidwe a chinenero chamakono amene amamasulira mawu a Baibulo molongosoka. Tsopano Baibulo lonse lathunthu likupezeka m’zinenero 9 ndipo Malemba Achikristu Achigiriki okha m’ziŵiri zowonjezereka; likukonzedwa m’zinenero zina zowonjezereka zokwanira 20. Matembenuzidwe olongosoka amafunikira zaka za ntchito yosamalitsa, koma tiyang’ana mtsogolo potsirizira pake pamene tidzakhala ndi New World Translation m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana zonsezi kotero kuti idzathandiza ambiri owonjezereka kumvetsetsa bwinopo “mawu a moyo.” (Afilipi 2:16) Popeza kuti lathandiza kale mamiliyoni ambiri kuchita motero, njoyenereradi kuyamikiridwa.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 28]

New World Translation ikutembenuzidwa m’zinenero zina zowonjezereka zokwanira 20

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

KUTEMBENUZAKO KUDZIYAMIKIRA KOKHA

Mmodzi wa Mboni za Yehova m’Jeremani anakambitsirana ndi mkazi wokalamba, yemwe anamuŵerengera Habakuku 1:12: “Sindinu wachikhalire, Yehova? Mulungu wanga, Wopatulika wanga, inu simufa.” Mkaziyo anatsutsa chifukwa chakuti Baibulo lake linati, “Lolani kuti tisafe.” Mboniyo inasonyeza kuti New World Translation imamamatira mwathithithi ku malembo oŵerenga oyambirira. Popeza kuti mkazi wokalambayo ankalankhula Chihebri, anatenga Baibulo lake Lachihebri nadabwitsidwa atapeza kuti New World Translation njolongosoka. A Sopherim (alembi Achiyuda) anasintha lembali kalelo chifukwa analingalira kuti ndime yoyambirirayo sinasonyeze ulemu kwa Mulungu. Kupatulapo oŵerengeka okha, matembenuzidwe a Baibulo Achijeremani sanasinthe kuti awongolere kusintha kwa alembi kumeneku. New World Translation yabwezeretsa lemba loyambirira.

[Chithunzi patsamba 26]

New World Translation yathunthu iripo tsopano mu: Chidenish, Chidatchi, Chingelezi, Chifalansa, Chijeremani, Chitaliyana, Chijapanizi, Chipwitikizi, ndi Chispanya