Mankhwala
Tanthauzo: Pali matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a liwu lakuti “mankhwala.” Mu lingaliro lokambitsiridwa pano, mankhwala sindiwo chakudya, ndiwo nsanganizo wosinthitsa maganizo zimene sizimawonedwa kukhala zofunika kwakukulukulu monga mankhwala koma zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’kuyesayesa kuzemba mavuto a moyo, kupeza lingaliro la kupeza bwino kapena kuchangamuka.
Kodi Baibulo limaletsadi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala kaamba ka chisangalalo?
Iro silimatchula maina a nsanganizo zonga chamba, cocaine, LSD, PCP (angel dust), marijuana, ndi fodya. Koma limapereka zitsogozo zofunika kotero kuti tingakhoze kudziŵa chimene tingachite ndi chimene tingapeŵe kuti tikondweretse Mulungu. Mofananamo, Baibulo silimanena kuti nkulakwa kugwiritsira ntchito mfuti kuphera munthu, koma limaletsa kuchita mbanda.
Luka 10:25-27: “Ndidzaloŵa moyo wosatha ndi kuchita chiyani? . . . Uzikonda Ambuye Mulungu wako ndi mtima wako wonse, ndi moyo wako wonse, ndi mphamvu yako yonse, ndi nzeru zako zonse,” ndi, “mnansi wako monga iwe mwini.” (Kodi munthuyo akukondadi Mulungu ndi moyo wake wonse ndi maganizo ake onse ngati apanga chizoloŵezi cha zinthu zimene mosayenerera zimafupikitsa moyo wake ndi kuchititsa maganizo ake kukhala ogodomalitsidwa? Kodi iye akusonyeza kukonda mnansi ngati abera ena kuti achirikize chizoloŵezi chake cha mankhwala?)
2 Akor. 7:1: “Pokhala nawo tsono malonjezano amenewa [akukhala naye Yehova monga Mulungu ndi Atate wathu], okondedwa, tidzikonzere tokha kuletsa chodetsa cha thupi ndi cha mzimu, ndi kutsiriza chiyero m’kuwopa Mulungu.” (Koma kodi tingayembekezere kukhala ndi chiyanjo cha Mulungu ngati mwadala tichita zinthu zimene zimadetsa matupi athu?)
Tito 2:11, 12: “Chawonekera chisomo cha Mulungu cha kupulumutsa anthu onse, ndi kutiphunzitsa ife kuti, pokana chisapembedzo ndi zilakolako zadziko lapansi, tikhale ndi moyo m’dziko lino odziletsa [“odzilamulira,” JB; ‘kukhala ndi moyo modzilamulira,’ TEV], ndi olungama, ndi opembedza.” (Kodi kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kumene kumawononga nzeru zamunthu kapena kumene kumachititsa munthuyo kutaikiridwa ndi kudziletsa nkogwirizana ndi uphungu umenewo?)
Agal. 5:19-21, NW: “Ndipo ntchito zathupi ziwonekera, ndizo . . . chizoloŵezi cha kulankhula ndi mizimu, mchezo, ndi zina zotere . . . Iwo akuchitachita zotere sadzaloŵa ufumu wa Mulungu.” (Tanthauzo lenileni la liwu Lachigiriki la phar·ma·kiʹa, lotembenuzidwa panopa kuti ‘chizoloŵezi cha kulankhula ndi mizimu,’ ndiro “makhwala.” An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, lolembedwa ndi W. E. Vine, pochitira ndemanga liwu Lachigiriki limeneli, imati: “M’matsenga, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala, kaya kukhale kochepa kapena kopambanitsa, kaŵirikaŵiri kunali kogwirizanitsidwa ndi madzoma amatsenga ndi chisonkhezero kumphamvu zowombedzera, limodzi ndi kakonzedwe ka zitumwa zosiyanasiyana, njirisi, ndi zina zotero, zonenedwa kukhala zolinganizidwira kutetezera wofunsirayo kapena wodwala ku chisamaliro kapena mphamvu za ziŵanda, koma kwenikweni kuchititsa chidwi wozigwiritsira ntchitoyo ndi zinthu zamatsenga ndi mphamvu za ochita matsenga.” [London, 1940, Vol. IV, pp. 51, 52] Mofananamo lerolino, ochuluka amene amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ali ogwirizanitsidwa ndi zizoloŵezi za kulankhula ndi mizimu kapena kugwirizana ndi awo amene ali, chifukwa chakuti maganizo opanda kanthu kapena owona masophenya amaukiridwa mosavuta ndi ziŵanda. Yerekezerani ndi Luka 11:24-26.)
Tito 3:1, NW: ‘Khalani ogonjera ndipo khalani omvera maboma ndi maulamuliro monga olamulira.’ (M’maiko ambiri, kukhala ndi mankhwala kapena kuwagwiritsira ntchito ndiko kuswa lamulo.)
Popeza kuli kwakuti mankhwala ena angathandize munthu kupeza bwino, kodi iwo alidi ovulaza kwambiri?
2 Tim. 3:1-5: “Masiku otsiriza zidzafika nthaŵi zowawitsa. Anthu adzakhala . . . okonda zokondweretsa munthu, osati okonda Mulungu . . . kwa iwonso udzipatule.” (Mwachiwonekere Baibulo limachenjeza motsutsana ndi kulakalaka chikondwerero kumlingo wakuti tikuchiika patsogolo pa kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a makhalidwe abwino olungama a Mawu a Mulungu ndi kukhala ndi chivomerezo chake.)
ANAMGONEKA ena amabweretsa mpumulo ku zowawa ndipo angatulutse lingaliro lachikhutiro, koma iwo alinso omwerekeretsa ndipo angachititse imfa ngati agwiritsiridwa ntchito m’miyezo yochulukitsitsa. Kukoka ZOSUNGUNULIRA kungachititse kusanguluka kwa maganizo, koma iko kungachititsenso kusasa mawu, kusawona bwino, manjenje, kuwonjezera pa chivulazo chosachiritsika cha ubongo, chiŵindi, ndi impso. MANKHWALA OGODOMALITSA MAGANIZO amachititsa malingaliro “kuchangamuka” ndipo amawonekera ngati amachotsa kutopa, koma iwo amachititsanso kudodometsedwa kwa chidziŵitso cha kudziŵa kutalikira kwa chinthu, kuvulaza njira yoyenerera ya kulingalira, angachititse masinthidwe a maumunthu osachiritsika, ndi kuyambitsa zikhoterero za kufuna kudzipha kapena kufuna kupha munthu.
Bwanji nanga za chamba—kodi nchosavulaza? Madokotala ena anena kuti nchovulaza
David Powelson, M.D., amene kale anali dokotala wamkulu wanthenda za maganizo, pa Cowell Hospital, Yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, panthaŵi ina anavomereza kuti kusuta chamba kuvomerezedwe ndi lamulo. Pambuyo pake, patapezeka umboni wowonjezereka, analemba kuti: “Tsopano ndikukhulupirira kuti chamba chiri mankhwala ogodomalitsa aupandu koposa ofunikira kulimbana nawo kutheratu: 1. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake koyamba nkonyenga. Wosutayo amanyengedwa ndi lingaliro lonyenga la kupeza bwino; sangazindikire kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe kake ka maganizo ndi kakuthupi. 2. Kupitiriza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kumatsogolera ku maganizo onyenga. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi kufikira zitatu za kuchigwiritsira ntchito mosalekeza, mipangidwe yosinthidwayo ya kuganiza imayamba kuloŵa mmalo mwa luso lakuganiza.”—Executive Health Report, October 1977, p. 8.
Dr. Robert L. DuPont, amene kale anali mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Drug Abuse mu United States, amene poyamba anagwidwa mawu kukhala akululuza upandu wa chamba, posachedwapa anafotokoza kuti: “Nkhani yeniyeni ndiyo upandu wa thanzi wochititsidwa ndi mliri umenewu [wa kusuta chamba kochitidwa ndi mbadwo wachicheperewo], ngozi yokwanira mitundu iŵiri. Imodzi ndiyo ziyambukiro za kuledzera, kuyambira pa upandu wa kuyendetsa galimoto kufikira pa kusasamala chinthu chirichonse. Mbali ina ndiyo yakuthupi kotheratu. Panopa nkhaŵa imayambira pa kukhalapo kwanthaŵi zonse kwa kutsokomola kosachiritsika pakati pa osuta chamba kufiira pa zothekera zenizeni za ziyambukiro zovulaza mahomoni, ziyambukiro padongosolo lotetezera nthenda ndipo mwinamwake ngakhale kensa.”—Montreal Gazette, March 22, 1979, p. 9
Science Digest imapereka maumboni awa: “Kusuta chamba kwa nthaŵi zonse, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi kungakulitse mipata pakati pa molekezera mitsempha mu ubongo imene iri yofunika kaamba ka kugwira ntchito kopindulitsako kwa ziŵalo monga chikumbukiro, chisonkhezero cha maganizo ndi khalidwe. Kuti mitsempha ichite ntchito zake, iyenera kukambirana pakati pawo.” Ndiyeno, pochitira ndemanga pa zotulukapo za mafufuzidwe ochitidwa pa nyama, nkhaniyo ikupitiriza kuti: “Ziyambukiro zapadera koposa zinachitikira m’zigawo za m’makoma amitsempha, yogwirizanitsidwa ndi zisonkhezero; mbali ya ubongo, imene imasamalira kupangika kwa chikumbukiro; ndi mbali ina yaubongo yotchedwa amygdala, imene iri ndi thayo la kuchititsa ntchito zina za khalidwe lozoloŵereka la munthu.”—March 1981, p. 104.
Kodi kusuta chamba nkwaupandu kwambiri kuposa kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa?
Zakumwa zoledzeretsa nchakudya ndipo zimapukusidwa ndi thupi kuti zipereke nyonga; mbali yake yogwiritsidwa ntchito imatulutsidwa ndi thupi. Komabe, katswiri wa mankhwala ogodomalitsa maganizo anati: “Chamba chiri mankhwala ogodomalitsa maganizo kwambiri ndipo cholakwa chachikulu koposa chimene timapanga ndicho kuchiyerekezera ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.” “Kuyerekezera nsanganizo ndi nsanganizo, THC [m’chamba] kumasonyeza kuti chiri champhamvu kwambiri kuŵirikiza nthaŵi 10 000 kuposa zakumwa zoledzeretsa m’kuledzeretsa kwake kodziŵika . . . THC imachotsedwa pang’onopang’ono kuchokera m’thupi, ndipo pamafunikira miyezi yambiri kuti muchire ku ziyambukiro zake.” (Executive Health Report, October 1977, p. 3) Mlengi amadziŵa mmene tinapangidwira, ndipo Mawu ake amaloleza kumwa kwachikatikati zakumwa zoledzeretsa. (Sal. 104:15; 1 Tim. 5:23) Komanso iye amatsutsa mwamphamvu kumwa kopitirira muyezo zakumwa zoledzeretsa, monga momwedi amatsutsira kususuka.—Miy. 23:20, 21; 1 Akor. 6:9, 10.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Mboni za Yehova zimawona kusuta fodya kukhala cholakwa chachikulu?
Kumasonyeza kusalemekeza mphatso ya moyo
Mac. 17:24, 25: “Mulungu amene analenga dziko lapansi ndi zonse ziri momwemo . . . apatsa zonse moyo ndi mpweya ndi zinthu zonse.”
“Umboni wakuti ndudu zimachepetsa moyo ngwochuluka; kugwirizana kwake nkotsimikizirika kwambiri monga momwedi kuliri kwa mankhwala alionse.”—Science 80, September/October, p. 42.
Malipoti amasonyeza kuti mu United States chiŵerengero cha akufa chaka ndi chaka chifukwa cha kusuta fodya chawonkhetsedwa kukhala 300 000; m’Britain, 50 000; m’Canada, 50 000. “Anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi amafa chaka chiri chonse ndi nthenda zogwirizanitsidwa ndi kusuta fodya ndipo m’Maiko Osatukuka, amene amasuta 52% ya fodya yense wosutidwa padziko lonse lapansi, akuwonjezera mofulumira ziŵerengero za akufa amenewo.”—The Journal (Toronto), September 1, 1983, p. 16
Amene kale anali Nduna ya U.S., Yazaumoyo wa Anthu, Maphunziro, ndi Makhalidwe Abwino a Anthu, Joseph Califano, anati: “Lerolino sipangakhale kukaikira kuti kusuta fodya kulidi mchitidwe wakudzipha kwapang’onopang’ono.”—Scholastic Science World, March 20, 1980, p. 13.
Sikuli kogwirizana ndi zimene Mulungu amafuna kuti Akristu apereke kwa iye
Aroma 12:1: “Ndikupemphani inu, abale, mwa zifundo za Mulungu, kuti mupereke matupi anu nsembe yamoyo, yopatulika, yokondweretsa Mulungu, ndiko kupembedza kwanu koyenera.”
Dokotala wa opareshoni wamkulu wa ku United States, C. Everett Koop, anati: “Kusuta ndudu kuli kogwirizanitsidwa kotheratu ndi chochititsa imfa chachikulu chokhoza kuchinjirizidwa m’dziko lathu.” (The New York Times, February 23, 1982, p. A1) “Mafufuzidwe a zamankhala amasonyeza kuti . . . avereji ya nthaŵi ya moyo ya wosuta fodya njocheperapo ndi zaka zitatu kufikira zinayi kuposa munthu wosasuta. Nthaŵi ya moyo ya wosuta fodya kopambanitsa—munthu amene amasuta mapaketi andudu aŵiri kapena kuposa patsiku—ingakhale yocheperapo ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuposa munthu wosasuta fodya.” (The World Book Encyclopedia, 1984, Vol. 17, p. 430) Kodi nkoyenerera kwa munthu kupereka moyo wake ku utumiki wa Mulungu ndiyeno kuwononga moyowo pang’onopang’ono?
“Kusuta fodya nkowononga kwambiri, makamaka kumtima ndi mapapu, kotero kuti mbali zina za mankhwala otetezera amakhala opanda ntchito pang’ono ngati munthuyo amasuta fodya.” (University of Southern California News Service, February 18, 1982) “Mwinamwake kusuta fodya ndiko chochititsa nthenda chachikulu koposa m’dziko chimene chingakhoze kuchinjirizidwa.” (Dr. H. Mahler, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Gulu Lazaumoyo wa Anthu Ladziko Lonse, mu World Health, February/March 1980, p. 3) Kodi nkuchita mogwirizana kuti munthu adzipereke kwa Mulungu kaamba ka utumiki wopatulika ndiyeno kuwononga dala thanzi lake?
Kusuta ndiko kuswa lamulo la Mulungu lakuti tikonde anansi athu
Yak. 2:8: “Uzikonda mmzako monga udzikonda wekha.”—Yerekezerani ndi Mateyu 7:12.
“Mafufuzidwe aposachedwapa . . . anavumbula kuti akazi osasuta amene amuna awo amasuta amafa mofulumirirapo paavareji ya zaka zinayi kuposa akazi amene amuna awo alinso asasuta.” (The New York Times, November 22, 1978, p. C5) “Kusuta fodya m’nthaŵi ya kukhala ndi pakati kungachititse kupunduka kobadwa nako kokulira kwambiri kotero kuti mwinamwake mwana wosabadwayo amafa, kapena khandalo limatero mwamsanga pambuyo pa kubadwa.” (Family Health, May 1979, p. 8) Mchitidwe wopanda chikondi wotero m’ziŵalo zabanja uli umboni wowoneka bwino wakuti munthuyo sakuchita monga Mkristu.—Yerekezerani ndi 1 Timoteo 5:8.
“Mafufuzidwe asonyeza kuti popeza kuti wosuta wachikatikati kwenikweni amasuta ndudu yake mbali yaing’ono pamene ikolezedwa, wosasutayo angakakamizidwedi mosadzifunira kupuma pafupifupi mpweya woipa wochuluka wotchedwa carbon monoxide, tar ndi chikonga pamene wosuta weniweniyo wakhala pafupi naye.” (Today’s Health, April 1972, p. 39) Munthu amene ali wopanda chikondi motero kulinga kwa munthu mnzake samaperekanso umboni wa kukonda Mulungu.—Wonani 1 Yohane 4:20.
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Mulungu anapanga zomera zimene mankhwala oledzeretsa amatengedwako ngati kuli kulakwa kuwagwiritsira ntchito?
Kaŵirikaŵiri zinthu zimene zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa zingakhoze kugwiritsiridwanso ntchito mopindulitsa. Zimenezo nzowona ponena za mphamvu za munthu za kubala. Nchimodzimodzi ndi vinyo. Chamba chimapangidwa ndi masamba oumikidwa ndi nsonga za maluŵa a chomera cha chamba, chimene chimatulutsa bwazi wothandiza kupangira chingwe ndi nsalu. Masamba a fodya, ogwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa ndi osuta, angagwiritsiridwenso ntchito kupangira mankhwala otetezera kuvunda ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo. Ponena za chuma chambiri chadziko lapansi, pakali chikhalirebe zochuluka za kuziphunzira ponena za mmene zingagwiritsiridwire ntchito mopindulitsa. Ngakhale kaufiti ngwopindulitsa m’kutetezera kukokololoka kwa nthaka ndi kugaŵira chonde pamene nthaka sikulimidwa.
Kodi munthu angachitenji ngati wayesa kuwonjoka ku kusuta fodya kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ena ogodomalitsa ndipo sanapeze chipambano?
Choyamba, mwa phunziro Labaibulo ndi kusinkhasinkha ndipo mufunikira kukulitsa chikhumbo champhamvu cha kukondweretsa Mulungu ndi cha kukhala ndi moyo m’dongosolo lake latsopano lolungama lazinthu. Ngati muyandikira kwa iye, iye adzayandikira kwa inu, kukukupatsani chithandizo chofunika.—Yak. 4:8.
Nkofunika kukhala wotsimikizira za kuipa kwa zizoloŵezi zimenezi ndi kukulitsa kuzida mowona mtima. (Sal. 97:10) Zimenezi zingachitidwe mwa kupenda maumboni olembedwa m’gawo lino labukhu ndi kusinkhasinkha, osati pa chikondwerero chakanthaŵi chatsopano chimene chingachokere m’zizoloŵezi, koma pa zokondweretsa Mulungu ndi mmene zotulukapo za zizoloŵezi zoipa zingakhalire zonyasa.
Ngati mwamva chilakolako champhamvu cha kufuna kusuta fodya kapena kugwiritsira ntchito amodzi a mankhwala ogodomalitsa enawo, pempherani mwaphamphu kwa Mulungu kaamba ka chithandizo. (Luka 11:9, 13; yerekezerani ndi Afilipi 4:13.) Teroni nthaŵi yomweyo. Ndiponso, tengani Baibulo lanu ndipo ŵerengeni mofuula, kapena wonanani ndi Mkristu wachikulire. Muuzeni zimene zikuchitika ndipo pemphani chithandizo chake.