Mutu 3

Buku Lopereka Chithandizo Chodalirika

1, 2. Kodi mungatchule zifukwa zotani zoyenera kulipendera Baibulo mosamalitsa?

MAGAZINI ina imene imafalitsidwa ndi Yunivesite ya Chung Shang ku Guangzhou ku China inati: “Baibulo linabadwa kuchokera ku nzeru za anthu zopita patsogolo ndi zinthu zowachitikira m’moyo ndipo ndi lapadera kwambiri.” Immanuel Kant, wafilosofi wotchuka wa m’zaka za m’ma 1700, akuti anati: “Kukhalapo kwa Baibulo, monga buku la anthu, ndi phindu loposa mapindu ena onse amene fuko la anthu onse lakhalapo nalo. Kuyesa kulinyoza m’njira ina iliyonse . . . ndi mlandu waukulu wochimwira anthu onse.” The Encyclopedia Americana inati: “Baibulo silithandiza Ayuda ndi Akristu okha ayi. . . . Tsopano limaonedwa kukhala chuma ku mitundu ndi zipembedzo zambiri ndipo zimene limaphunzitsa zikuoneka kuti zidzakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri pamene nzeru za padziko zikupita patsogolo.”

² Kaya ndinu wa chipembedzo chanji, kodi simungafune kudziŵa za buku la mtundu umenewo? Pofika kumathero kwa zaka za ma 1900, Baibulo linali litamasuliridwa lonse lathunthu kapena mbali yake chabe, m’zinenero zopitirira 2,200. Anthu ambiri akhoza kulipeza m’chinenero chimene atha kuŵerenga ndi kumva. Kuyambira pamene makina osindikizira anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mabaibulo pafupifupi mabiliyoni anayi afalitsidwa kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi.

3. Kodi pali mbali zodabwitsa zotani zokhudza kalembedwe ka Baibulo?

³ Tsopano, tatsegulani Baibulo lanu ngati muli nalo, ndipo yang’anani pa mndandanda wa mayina a mabuku ake. Mudzaona mayina a mabukuwo, kuyambira Genesis mpaka Malaki. Komanso kuyambira Mateyu mpaka Chivumbulutso. Baibulo lilidi laibulale ya mabuku 66 ndipo analembedwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana pafupifupi 40. Gawo loyamba, lokhala ndi mabuku 39 limene ambiri amalitchula kuti Chipangano Chakale, dzina lake loyenerera ndi Malemba Achihebri, chifukwa mbali yake yaikulu inalembedwa m’Chihebri. Gawo lake lachiŵiri, lokhala ndi mabuku 27 limene ambiri amalitchula kuti Chipangano Chatsopano, dzina lake loyenerera ndi Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu, chifukwa linalembedwa m’Chigiriki koma ndi olemba achikristu. Kulembedwa kwa Baibulo lonse kunatenga zaka 1,600, kuchokera mu 1513 B.C.E. mpaka mu 98 C.E. Olemba ake sanakhalepo ndi msonkhano wokambirana, ndipo mabuku ena anali kulembedwa panthaŵi imodzi koma m’malo otalikirana makilomita zikwizikwi. Ngakhale ndi choncho, Baibulo lili ndi mutu wa nkhani umodzi ndipo lonse n’logwirizana; silidzitsutsa lokha ayi. Poganizira, timadabwa kuti, ‘Zinatheka bwanji kuti anthu oposa 40 amene anakhalapo ndi moyo m’nyengo ya zaka 1,600, n’kulemba buku logwirizana choncho?’

4-6. N’chifukwa chiyani muyenera kukhulupirira mawu opezeka m’Baibulo?

⁴ Ngakhale kuti Baibulo linatha kulembedwa zaka zoposa 1,900 zapitazo, nkhani zake zimadabwitsa amuna ndi akazi a m’nthaŵi zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, vundukulani Baibulo lanu pa Yobu 26:7. Kumbukirani kuti mawu ameneŵa analembedwa m’zaka za ma 1400 B.C.E. Iwo amati: ‘[Mulungu] ayala kumpoto popanda kanthu, nalenjeka dziko pachabe.’ Ndiyeno pitani pa Yesaya 40:22, NW, mukumakumbukira kuti buku la Yesaya linalembedwa m’zaka za ma 700 B.C.E. Vesi limeneli limati: “Alipo Wina amene akukhala pamwamba pa mbulunga ya dziko lapansi, limene okhalamo akunga ziwala, Iye amene atambasula miyamba ngati nsalu yopyapyala, amene aiyala ngati hema wokhalamo.” N’chiyani chimabwera m’maganizo mwanu pamene muŵerenga malemba aŵiri ameneŵa? Eya, chinthu chobulungira ngati mpira ‘cholenjekeka’ m’mwamba m’malere. Mwina mwaonapo chinthu choterocho pazithunzi zotumizidwa kuchokera ku makina amakono ouluka mumlengalenga wakunja kwa dziko lapansi. Ndiye mungadabwe kuti, ‘Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti anthu a m’nthaŵi zakale choncho anene mawu olondola chotero okhudza za sayansi?’

⁵ Tiyeni tionenso funso lina lokhudza Baibulo. Kodi Baibulo limalondola posimba mbiri yakale? Ena amaganiza kuti Baibulo ndi buku la nthano zokhazokha, zopanda umboni weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, tinene za Davide, mfumu yodziŵika bwino kwambiri ya Aisrayeli. M’mbuyo monsemo, umboni wokha wodziŵira za kukhalapo kwake linali Baibulo. Ngakhale kuti akatswiri a mbiri yakale ambiri amavomereza kuti iye analikodi, ena okayikira amayesa kutsutsa akumati ndi nthano chabe yopekedwa ndi anthu oikira kumbuyo Ayuda. Koma kodi zoona zake zimasonyezanji?

⁶ Mu 1993 mawu ozokota onena za “Nyumba ya Davide” anapezeka m’mabwinja a mzinda wachiisrayeli wakale wa Dani. Mawuwo anali mbali ya chipilala cha m’zaka za ma 800 B.C.E., chimene chinali chikumbukiro cha mmene adani anagonjetsera Aisrayeli. Umutu ndi mmene umboni wakale wonena za Davide unapezekera mwadzidzidzi kunja kwa Baibulo! Kodi zimenezi zinali zofunikiradi? Ponena za umboni wotumbidwa umenewu, Israel Finkelstein, wa pa Yunivesite ya Tel Aviv, anati: “Chikhulupiriro chotsutsa Baibulo chinagwa tsiku limene mawu onena za Davide anatumbidwa.” Chosangalatsanso n’chakuti, Pulofesa William F. Albright, katswiri wofufuza za m’mabwinja amene anathera zaka zambiri akukumba m’mabwinja a ku Palestina, ananenapo kuti: “Zotumbidwa zambiri zatsimikizira kulondola kwa mfundo zosaŵerengeka, ndipo zapangitsa ambiri kuzindikira kuti Baibulo ndi gwero lodalirika la mbiri yakale.” Apanso tingafunse kuti, ‘Mosiyana ndi ndakatulo ndi nthano chabe, kodi zikutheka bwanji kuti buku lakalekale limeneli n’kukhala lolondola choncho posimba mbiri yakale?’ Koma pali zinanso.

7, 8. Kodi maulosi a m’Baibulo mumawaona motani?

⁷ Baibulo lilinso buku la maulosi. (2 Petro 1:20, 21) Mawu akuti “ulosi” mwina angakukumbutseni msanga za mawu ena amene anthu odzitcha okha aneneri anawanena koma sanakwaniritsike. Koma choyamba iŵalani zilizonse zimene mungakhale nazo m’maganizo, ndipo tsegulani Baibulo lanu pa Danieli chaputala 8. Pamenepo Danieli akufotokoza masomphenya a kulimbana pakati pa nkhosa yamphongo yokhala ndi nyanga ziŵiri ndi tonde waubweya wambiri wokhala ndi “nyanga yooneka bwino.” Tondeyo akupambana, koma nyanga yake yaikuluyo ikuthyoka. Pamene pathyoka nyangapo pakuphuka nyanga zinayi. Kodi masomphenyawo akutanthauza chiyani? Nkhani ya Danieli ikupitiriza kunena kuti: “Nkhosa yamphongo waiona ya nyanga ziŵiri ndizo mafumu a Mediya ndi Perisiya. Ndi tonde wamanyenje ndiye mfumu ya Helene [Girisi], ndi nyanga yaikulu ili pakati pa maso ake ndiyo mfumu yoyamba. Ndi kuti zinaphuka zinayi m’malo mwake mwa iyo itathyoka, adzauka maufumu anayi ochokera mu mtunduwu wa anthu, koma osakhala nayo mphamvu ya uja.”—Danieli 8:3-22.

⁸ Kodi ulosi umenewu unakwaniritsidwa? Buku la Danieli linatha kulembedwa pafupifupi mu 536 B.C.E. Mfumu ya ku Makedoniya, Alesandro Wamkulu, amene anadzabadwa patapita zaka 180, mu 356 B.C.E., anagonjetsa Ufumu Waukulu wa Perisiya. Ndiye anali “nyanga yaikulu” ija ya pakati pa maso a “tonde wamanyenje.” Malinga ndi kunena kwa katswiri wa mbiri yakale wachiyuda Josifasi, Alesandro ataloŵa mu Yerusalemu asanagonjetse Perisiya, anasonyezedwa buku la Danieli. Iye anaona kuti mawu a ulosi wa Danieli amene anam’sonyeza anali kunena za nkhondo ya iye yolimbana ndi Perisiya. Komanso, mukaŵerenga mabuku ena onena za mbiri yakale, mutha kuona zimene zinachitikira ufumu waukulu wa Alesandro pambuyo pa imfa yake mu 323 B.C.E. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, akazembe ake anayi anatenga ufumu wake, ndipo pofika mu 301 B.C.E., ‘nyanga zinayizo’ zimene zinaphuka m’malo a ‘nyanga yaikuluyo’ zinagaŵa ufumuwo m’zigawo zinayi. Apanso, n’zomveka kudabwa kuti, ‘Kodi n’kutheka bwanji kuti buku lineneretu momvekera bwino komanso molondola choncho zinthu zodzachitika zaka pafupifupi 200 m’tsogolo?’

9. Kodi n’chiyani chikupangitsa nkhani za m’Baibulo kukhala zapadera kwambiri?

⁹ Baibulo lokhalokhalo limayankha mafunsowo: “Lemba lililonse adaliuzira Mulungu, ndipo lipindulitsa.” (2 Timoteo 3:16) Mawu achigiriki otembenuzidwa kuti “adaliuzira Mulungu” kwenikweni amatanthauza kuti “opumidwa ndi Mulungu.” Mulungu “anapumira” mawu amene tsopano tikuwapeza m’mabuku a Baibulo m’maganizo a olemba ake pafupifupi 40. Zitsanzo zochepa chabe—za sayansi, za mbiri yakale, ndi za ulosi—zimene tafotokoza momvekera bwino zimasonyeza mfundo imodzi yakuti: Buku lapadera limeneli, Baibulo, silinakhalepo mwa nzeru za munthu koma, linachokera kwa Mulungu. Komabe, ambiri lerolino amakayikira za kukhalako kwa mlembi wake wamkulu—Mulungu. Inuyo bwanji?

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 13]

“Zotumbidwa zambiri zatsimikizira kulondola kwa mfundo zosaŵerengeka, ndipo zapangitsa ambiri kuzindikira kuti Baibulo ndi gwero lodalirika la mbiri yakale.”—Pulofesa William F. Albright

[Chithunzi patsamba 12]

“[Mulungu] ayala kumpoto popanda kanthu, nalenjeka dziko pachabe”

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Mawu ozokota otchula za “Nyumba ya Davide”

[Chithunzi patsamba 13]

Ndalama yosonyeza Alesandro Wamkulu