Paradaiso

Tanthauzo: M’matembenuzidwe a Septuagint yachigiriki otembenuza Baibulo anagwiritsira ntchito moyenerera liwu lakuti “paradaiso” (pa·raʹdei·sos) kusonya kumunda wa Edene, chifukwa chakuti mwachiwonekere uwo unali paki yokwetezedwa. Pambuyo pacholembedwacho m’Genesis, Malemba a Baibulo amene amasimba za Paradaiso anasonya ku (1) munda wa Edene weniweniwo, kapena (2) dziko lonse lapansi pamene lidzasandulizidwa mtsogolo kukhala mumkhalidwe wofanana ndi uja wa Edene, kapena (3) mkhalidwe wolemelera wauzimu pakati pa atumiki a Mulungu padziko lapansi, kapena (4) makonzedwe akumwamba amene amakumbutsa munthuwe za Edene.

Kodi “Chipangano Chatsopano” chimasonya kuparadaiso wamtsogolo wa padziko lapansi kapena kodi iye ali kokha mu “Chipangano Chakale”?

Kugaŵanitsidwa kwa Baibulo kukhala mbali ziŵiri, kuyamikira kufunika kwa mawuwo pamaziko akuti kaya iwo ali mbali “Yakale” kapena “Yatsopano” sikuli kogwirizana ndi Malemba. Pa 2 Timoteo 3:16 timauzidwa kuti: “Lemba lirilonse adaliuzira Mulungu, ndipo lipindulitsa pachiphunzitso, chitsutsano, chikonzero.” Aroma 15:4 amasonya ku Malemba ouziridwa a Chikristu chisanakhale pamene amati: “Zonse zinalembedwa kale zinalembedwa kutilangiza.” Motero, yankho labwino lafunsoli liyenera kulingalira Baibulo lathunthu.

Genesis 2:8 amafotokoza kuti: “Yehova Mulungu anabzala [“paki,” Mo; “paradaiso,” Dy; pa·raʹdei·son, LXX] mu Edene, chakummaŵa; momwemo ndipo adaika munthu [Adamu] adamuumbayo.” Panali zomera ndi zinyama zochuluka zamitundumitundu ndi zochititsa chidwi. Yehova anadalitsa anthu aŵiri oyambirira ndipo anati kwa iwo: “Mubalane, muchuluke, mudzaze dziko lapansi, muligonjetse: mulamulire pansomba zamnyanja, ndi pambalame zamlengalenga, ndi pazamoyo zonse zakukwaŵa padziko lapansi.” (Gen. 1:28) Chifuno choyambirira cha Mulungu kaamba kadziko lonse lapansi cha kukhala paradaiso lokhalidwa ndi awo amene moyamikira anamvera malamulo ake sichidzalephera kukwaniritsidwa. (Yes. 45:18; 55:10, 11) Ndicho chifukwa chake Yesu anati odala ali akufatsa; chifukwa adzalandira dziko lapansi.” Ndicho chifukwa chakenso iye anaphunzitsira ophunzira ake kupemphera kuti: “Atate wathu Wakumwamba dzina lanu liyeretsedwe. Ufumu wanu udze. Kufuna kwanu kuchitidwe, monga Kumwamba chomwecho pansi pano.” (Mat. 5:5; 6:9, 10) Mogwirizana ndi zimenezo, Aefeso 1:9-11 amalongosola chifuno cha Mulungu cha ‘kusonkhanitsa zinthu zonse pamodzi kachiŵirinso mwa Kristu, zinthu za kumwamba ndi zinthu zapadziko lapansi.’ Ahebri 2:5 amasonya ku “dziko lirinkudza.” Chivumbulutso 5:10 chimatchula awo amene, monga oloŵa nyumba limodzi ndi Kristu, “achita ufumu padziko.” Chivumbulutso 21:1-5 ndi 22:1, 2 amawonjezera malongosoledwe okongola a mikhalidwe imene idzakhalako mu “dziko lapansi latsopano” ndipo zimenezo zimakumbutsa munthuwe za Paradaiso woyambirira mu Edene limodzi ndi mtengo wake wamoyo.—Gen. 2:9.

Ndiponso, Yesu anagwiritsira ntchito mawu Achigiriki ochedwa pa·raʹdei·sos ponena za Paradaiso wadziko lapansi wamtsogolo. “Iye anati kwa iye [wochita zoipa amene anapachikidwa pambali pa Yesu ndi amene anasonyeza chikhulupiriro muufumu ulinkudza wa Yesu kuti]: ‘Ndithudi ndikuuza lerolino, Udzakhala ndi ine m’Paradaiso.”—Luka 23:43, NW.

Kodi tingatsimikizire motani zimene Yesu anatanthauza mwa liwulo Paradaiso m’mawu ake kwa wochita zoipa, pa Luka 23:43?

Kodi anali malo akanthaŵi kaamba ka ‘miyoyo yakufa ya olungama,’ mbali yaHade?

Kodi nchiyani chimene chiri magwero a lingaliro limenelo? The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology imafotokoza kuti: “Mwa kubwerera kwa chiphunzitso Cha[chigiri]ki chakusakhoza kufa kwa moyo paradaiso amafikira kukhala malo okhala olungama mkati mwa mkhalidwe wapakati.” (Grand Rapids, Mich.; 1976, lolembedwa ndi Colin Brown, Vol. 2, p. 761) Kodi lingaliro losagwirizana ndi malemba limenelo linali lofala pakati pa Ayuda pamene Yesu anali padziko lapansi? Dictionary of the Bible ya Hastings imasonyeza kuti zimenezi ndizokaikitsa.—(Edinburgh, 1905), Vol. III, pp. 669, 670.

Ngakhale ngati lingaliro limenelo linali lofala pakati pa Ayuda m’zaka za zana loyamba, kodi Yesu akanalivomereza mwalonjezo lake kwa wochita zoipa wolapa? Yesu anali atatsutsa mwamphamvu Afarisi Achiyuda ndi alembi kaamba ka kuphunzitsa miyambo imene inatsutsana ndi Mawu a Mulungu.—Mat. 15:3-9; wonaninso mutu waukulu wakuti “Moyo (Soul).”

Yesu anapita ku Hade pamene anafa, monga momwe kwasonyezedwera pa Machitidwe 2:30, 31. (Mtumwi Petro, posonya ku Salmo 16:10, akugwidwa mawu kukhala akugwiritsira ntchito Hade monga chifanefane cha Sheoli.) Koma kulibe kulikonse m’Baibulo kumene limalongosola kuti Sheoli/Hade kapena mbali yake iriyonse ali paradaiso amene amapatsa munthu chikondwerero. Mmalo mwake, Mlaliki 9:5, 10 amanena kuti awo amene ali kumeneko “sadziŵa kanthu bi.”

Kodi Paradaiso wa pa Luka 23:43 anali kumwamba kapena mbali ina ya kumwamba?

Baibulo silimavomereza lingaliro lakuti Yesu ndi wochita zoipa anapita kumwamba patsiku limene iye analankhula naye. Yesu anali ataneneratu kuti, pambuyo pakuphedwa kwake, sakaukitsidwa kufikira tsiku la chitatu. (Luka 9:22) Mkati mwa nyengo ya masiku atatu imeneyo sanali kumwamba, chifukwa chakuti pambuyo pa chiukiliro chake anauza Mariya Magadala kuti: “Sindinakwerebe kwa Atate.” (Yoh. 20:17, NW) Anali masiku 40 pambuyo pa chiukiliro cha Yesu pamene ophunzira ake anamuwona akukwezedwa kuchoka padziko lapansi nazimilirika mmaso mwawo pamene anayamba kukwera kwake kumwamba.—Mac. 1:3, 6-11.

Wochita zoipayo sanakwaniritse ziyeneretso zopitira kumwamba ngakhale nthaŵi ya pambuyo pake. Iye sanali “wobadwa mwatsopano”—kukhala wobatizidwa mmadzi kapena kubadwa ndi mzimu wa Mulungu. Mzimu woyera sunatsanuliridwe pa ophunzira a Yesu kufikira masiku oposa 50 pambuyo pa imfa ya wochita zoipayo. (Yoh. 3:3, 5; Mac. 2:1-4) Patsiku la imfa yake, Yesu anali atachita pangano la ufumu wakumwamba ndi awo amene ‘anali atamamatirana naye mmayesero ake.’ Wochita zoipayo analibe mbiri yotero ya kukhulupirika ndipo sanaphatikizidwe.—Luka 22:28-30.

Kodi nchiyani chimene chimasonya ku Paradaiso ameneyo kukhala wapadziko lapansi?

Malemba Achihebri sanachititse konse Ayuda okhulupirira kuyembekezera mphotho ya moyo wakumwamba. Malemba amenewo anasonya kukubwezeretsedwa kwa Paradaiso pano padziko lapansi. Danieli 7:13, 14 anali ataneneratu kuti pamene “ulamuliro, ndi ulemelero, ndi ufumu” zikaperekedwa kwa Mesiya, “anthu onse, ndi mitundu yonse ya anthu, ndi amanenedwe onse, amtumikire.” Nzika zimenezo za Ufumu zikakhala pano padziko lapansi. Mwa zimene analankhula ndi Yesu, wochita zoipayo mwachiwonekere anali kusonyeza chiyembekezo chakuti Yesu akamkumbukira pamene nthaŵiyo ikafika.

Pamenepo, kodi ndimotani, mmene Yesu akanakhalira ndi wochita zoipa? Mwa kumamuukitsa kwa akufa, kuchita kakonzedwe kazosoŵa zake zakuthupi, ndi kumpatsa mwaŵi wa kuphunzira ndi kuchita mogwirizana ndi zofunika za Yehova za moyo wamuyaya. (Yoh. 5:28, 29) Yesu anawona mkhalidwe wolapa ndi wochitira ulemu mwa wochita zoipayo maziko omphatikiza pa mabiliyoni ambiri amene adzaukitsidwira kumoyo wapadziko lapansi ndi kupeza mwaŵi wakutsimikizira kuyenerera kwawo kukhala ndi moyo wosatha m’Paradaiso.

Kodi ndiliti pamene wochita zoipa adzakhala m’Paradaiso?

Kuzindikira Luka 23:43 kwa munthu kumasonkhezeredwa ndi chizindikiro chopuma chogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi otembenuza. M’zolembedwa zapamanja za Baibulo Lachigiriki loyambirira analibe zizindikiro zopuma. The Encyclopedia Americana (1956, Vol. XXIII, p. 16) imafotokoza kuti: “Palibe kuyesayesa kwa kuika zizindikiro za kupuma kumene kukuwonekera m’zolembedwa zapamanja zoyambirira ndi m’zilemba za Agiriki.” Munali kokha m’zaka za zana la 9 C.E. pamene zizindikiro zopuma zimenezo zinayamba kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Kodi Luka 23:43 ayenera kunena kuti, “Indetu, ndinena ndi iwe, lerolino udzakhala ndi ine m’Paradaiso” (RS), kapena kodi ayenera kukhala, ‘Ndithudi ndikuuza lerolino, Udzakhala ndi ine m’Paradaiso’? Ziphunzitso za Kristu ndi Baibulo lonse ziyenera kukhala maziko otsimikizirira, ndipo osati koma (comma) woloŵetsedwa m’mlembalo zaka mazana ambiri Yesu atanena mawu amanewo.

The Emphasised Bible lotembenuzidwa ndi J. B. Rotherham likuvomerezana ndi chizindikiro chopuma cha mu New World Translation. M’mawu amtsinde a Luka 23:43 womasulira Baibulo Wachijeremani L. Reinhardt amati: “Chizindikiro choima chogwiritsidwa ntchito lerolino [ndi omasulira ochuluka] m’vesili chiri mosakaikira chonama ndi chotsutsana ndi njira yonse ya malingaliro a Kristu ndi wochita zoipa. . . . Ndithudi [Kristu] sanazindikire kuti paradaiso anali kachigawo kakang’ono ka malo okhala anthu akufa, koma mmalo mwake kubwezeretsedwa kwa paradaiso wapadziko lapansi.”

Kodi ndiliti pamene Yesu analoŵa mu ufumu ndi kukwaniritsa chifuno cha Atate wake kupanga dziko lapansi kukhala paradaiso? Bukhu la Chivumbulutso, lolembedwa pafupifupi zaka 63 pambuyo pakunenedwa kwa mawu olembedwa pa Luka 23:42, 43, limasonyeza kuti zochitika izi zinali chikhalirebe mtsogolo. (Wonani tsamba 231-234, pankhani ya “Madeti,” ndiponso mutu waukulu wakuti “Masiku Otsiriza.”)