Nkhuku Zimakondedwa ndi Anthu Ambiri Ndiponso N’zochuluka

YOLEMBEDWA NDI WOLEMBA GALAMUKANI! KU KENYA

N ’KUTHEKA kuti nkhuku ndizo gulu lokha la mbalame zochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse. Anthu ena akuti anaŵerengetsera kuti pali nkhuku zoposa 13 biliyoni! Nyama ya nkhuku imakondedwa kwambiri mwakuti chaka chilichonse anthu amadya nkhuku zokwana makilogalamu 33 biliyoni. Ndiponso nkhuku za thadzi zimaikira mazira 600 biliyoni pachaka padziko lonse.

Ku mayiko a azungu, nkhuku n’zochuluka ndipo n’zotsika mtengo. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, anthu amene anavota ku United States analonjezedwa kuti aliyense azidzadyera nyama ya nkhuku ngati atasankha munthu wina wake kuti akhale pulezidenti. Komatu masiku ano nkhuku si nyama yapamwamba kapena yongodyedwa ndi anthu ochepa chabe. Kodi zinatani kuti nkhuku ziyambe kupezeka mosavuta komanso kuti zitchuke chotere? Bwanji nanga mayiko osauka? Kodi nawonso ali nawo mwayi woti angakhwasule nawo nkhuku zochulukazi?

Mbiri Yake ya Nkhuku

Nkhuku zili m’gulu limodzi ndi mbalame ina ya kuthengo yotchedwa red jungle fowl ya ku Asia. Posapita nthaŵi anthu anazindikira kuti nkhuku zingathe kuŵetedwa mosavuta. Ndipotu zaka 2,000 zapitazo, Yesu Kristu anatchulapo za thadzi la nkhuku ponena kuti limasonkhanitsa anapiye ake m’mapiko ake. (Mateyu 23:37; 26:34) Pogwiritsa ntchito fanizo limeneli zikusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri ankaidziŵa bwino nkhuku. Koma kuŵeta nkhuku ndiponso kusunga mazira ambirimbiri n’cholinga chochita nazo malonda sikunachitikepo mpaka kudzafika cha m’ma 1800.

Masiku ano nyama ya nkhuku ndiyo nyama yotchuka kwambiri pa nyama za m’gulu la mbalame. Mabanja ambiri zedi amaŵeta nkhuku, ngakhalenso mabanja am’tauni, kuti azipeza ndiwo ndiponso ndalama. Kwenikweni, ndi ziŵeto zochepa chabe zimene zimatha kuŵetedwa m’madera osiyanasiyana monga nkhuku. Mayiko ambiri anayamba kuŵeta nkhuku zogwirizana ndi nyengo yawo ndiponso zofuna zawo. Zina mwa nkhukuzi zimatchedwa Australorp za ku Australia; nkhuku zodziŵika bwino za Leghorn, zimene kwawo n’ku Mediterranean koma n’zotchuka kwambiri ku United States; nkhuku za New Hampshire, za Plymouth Rock, za Rhode Island Red, ndi za Wyandotte; zonsezi zimaŵetedwa ku United States; ndiponso za Cornish, za Orpington, ndi za Sussex, za ku England.

Njira zapamwamba za sayansi zoŵetera ziŵeto zachititsa kuti kuŵeta nkhuku kukhale m’gulu la ulimi wopindulitsa kwambiri. Ku United States, alimi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosamala kwambiri podyetsa ndi kusunga nkhukuzi, kuphatikizaponso kuziteteza ku matenda m’njira ya sayansi. Anthu ambiri amati kuchulukitsa nkhuku poziŵeta m’njira imeneyi ndi nkhanza. Koma zimenezi sizinaletse alimi kupeza njira zothandiza kwambiri zoŵetera nkhuku. Tsopano njira zamakono zimatheketsa kuti munthu m’modzi yekha athe kusamalira nkhuku 25,000 kapena mpaka 50,000. Pakangotha miyezi itatu yokha nkhukuzi zimakhala zitakula moti n’kuzigulitsa.a

Nkhuku ndi Nyama

Pitani ku hotela iliyonse, lesitilanti iliyonse, kapena malo aliwonse kumudzi wogulitsirako zakudya, ndipo n’zokayikitsa ngati simungakapezeko nyama ya nkhuku. Kwenikweni padziko lonse m’malesitilanti ambiri, ndiwo yawo yaikulu ndi nkhuku. M’madera ena nkhuku ndiyo amati nyama yapamwamba kwambiri pa phwando. M’mayiko ena monga ku India nkhuku amaiphika modzetsa madyo zedi. Pali kaphikidwe ka nkhuku yothira tsabola wofiira kotchedwa lal murg, kaphikidwe konyenya kotchedwa kurgi murgi; ndi nkhuku yothiridwa kare, kapenanso adrak murgi, ndipotu kaphikidwe konseka sikukoma kwake!

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani nkhuku zili zotchuka chotere? Chifukwa china n’chakuti mosiyana ndi zakudya zambiri nkhuku imakomabe akaikonza m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Kodi inuyo mumakonda nkhuku yokonzedwa motani? Mumakonda yokazinga, kaya yootcha, kaya yongofwafwaza, kapena yophika yokhala ndi msuzi? Ingotsegulani buku lililonse lolongosola za kuphika, ndipo n’kutheka kuti mungapeze njira zosiyanasiyana zophikira nkhuku zimene zingakupangitseni kumangokhetsa dovu.

Chifukwa chakuti m’mayiko ambiri sizisoŵa, nkhukuzi zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo. Akatswiri a za thanzi amayamikiranso nkhuku kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ili ndi mapuloteni, mavitamini, ndi zinanso zofunika kwambiri m’thupi. Komatu nkhuku ilibe mafuta ambiri osafunika m’thupi lathu.

Kudyetsa Mayiko Osauka

N’zoona kuti si mayiko onse amene ali ndi nkhuku zambiri. Mfundo imeneyi n’njofunika makamaka poganizira lipoti limene linaperekedwa ndi bungwe la Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, limene linanena kuti: “Podzafika chaka cha 2020, anthu adzachuluka padziko lonse n’kutsala pang’ono kufika 8 biliyoni . . . Komabe anthu ambiri akuti akukhala m’mayiko osauka.” Mawu ameneŵa n’ngodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri tikaganiziranso kuti, tikunena pano anthu 800 miliyoni akuvutika ndi matenda osoŵa chakudya m’thupi!

Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amaona kuti nkhuku zingathandize kwambiri kudyetsa anthu anjala ameneŵa komanso kupindulitsa alimi pankhani ya zachuma. Vuto n’lakuti alimi osauka angavutike kwambiri kuti athe kuŵeta nkhuku zochuluka. Chifukwa china n’chakuti m’mayiko osauka nthaŵi zambiri nkhuku amaziŵeta m’mafamu aang’ono akumidzi kapena amaziŵeta m’kakhola pa nyumba zawo. Ndipo m’madera otere, nthaŵi zambiri nkhukuzi zimangokhala m’malo osatetezedwa kwenikweni. Masana zimangoyendayenda pofunafuna chakudya, n’kumabwerako usiku ndipo nthaŵi zina zimangogona m’mitengo kapenanso m’malo ena osayenera.

N’zosadabwitsa kuti nkhuku zambiri zoŵetedwa motere zimatha n’kufa, mwina chifukwa cha matenda oopsa a chitopa, kapenanso chifukwa chobedwa ndi anthu kapena kugwidwa ndi nyama zakuthengo. Alimi ambiri sadziŵa ndiponso alibe zida zokwanira kuti athe kudyetsa nkhuku zawo mokwanira, kuzisunga m’khola labwino, kapenanso kuziteteza kumatenda. Pachifukwa chimenechi payambika ntchito zophunzitsa alimi a m’mayiko osauka. Mwachitsanzo bungwe la United Nations loyang’anira za chakudya ndi ulimi lotchedwa Food and Agriculture Organization, posachedwapa lakhazikitsa ntchito ya zaka zisanu “yothandiza anthu osauka a kumidzi ya m’Africa powaphunzitsa kuŵeta nkhuku zochuluka.”

Zimene ntchito yokhala ndi cholinga chabwino imeneyi idzakwaniritse tidzaziona m’tsogolo muno. Choncho ndi bwinodi kuti anthu a m’mayiko olemera azidziŵa kuti nyama ya nkhuku yomwe n’njosasoŵa kwa iwowo n’chinthu chovuta kupeza kwa anthu ambiri padziko pano. Anthu a m’mayiko osaukaŵa amaona kuti kuganiza zakuti munthu aliyense angathe ‘kudyera nkhuku’ n’kungoyembekezera zinthu zosathekadi.

Ngati mungafune kudziŵa zambiri kapena kuti wina aziphunzira nanu Baibulo panyumba panu kwaulere, lemberani ku Watch Tower, Box 30749, Lilongwe 3, Malawi, kapena ku adiresi yoyenera pa maadiresi osonyezedwa patsamba 5.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 32]

Njira Yabwino Yokonzera Nkhuku Yaiwisi

“Nkhuku yaiwisi ingathe kukhala ndi tizilombo toopsa, monga mabakiteriya otchedwa salmonella, motero ndi bwino kukhala osamala mukamaikonza. Nthaŵi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha okhala ndi sopo, posamba m’manja, potsuka chochekerapo ndiponso mipeni musanakonze komanso pambuyo pokonza nkhukuyo. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chochekerapo chimene mungathe kuchitsuka ndi madzi oŵira . . . ndipo ngati n’kotheka muzichigwiritsa ntchito pochekera nkhuku yaiwisi basi. Ngati nkhukuyo inali youmitsidwa m’firiji, itenthetseni kaye mpaka imasuke bwinobwino musanayambe kuiphika.” Zachokera m’buku lolangiza za kaphikidwe lotchedwa The Cook’s Kitchen Bible.

[Zithunzi patsamba 30]

Mitundu ina ya nkhuku ndiyo White Leghorn, Gray Jungle Fowl, Orpington, Polish, ndi Speckled Sussex

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

All except White Leghorn: © Barry Koffler/www.feathersite.com

[Zithunzi patsamba 31]

Pali ntchito zimene zikukhazikitsidwa zothandiza alimi a m’mayiko osauka kuti aziŵeta nkhuku zochuluka

[Chithunzi patsamba 31]

Ku United States, nkhuku zambiri amaziŵeta kuti azizidya