Ombimbiliya Yatualako Namphila Ankho Vahanda Okupilulula Etyi Ipopia

ETYI OVANTHU VALINGILE: Namphila pakala omuvo omunyingi, mahi no ngotyo Ombimbiliya kayahanyenueko. Mahi, ovahoneki vamwe, novapitiyi Vombimbiliya vapilululile etyi Ombimbiliya ipopia. Iya pamwe, ankho vapitiya Ombimbiliya opo ikale ngetyi valongesa monongeleya mbavo. Tala onongeleka mbumwe:

• Omphangu Yokufendela: Pokati kenima 400 nenima 200 P.K.E., ovahoneki vo Pentateuco Samaritano, momukanda wa Êxodo 20:17 vayawisilemo onondaka ombu: “una yokutunga omutala momphunda Gerizim.” Ngotyo, ova Samaria ankho vasoka okuti Ovihonekwa vivekuatesako opo vetyivile okutunga omphangu yokufendela ‘Momphunda Gerizim.’

• Elongeso lioutatu ukola: Etyi palamba omanima 300 tunde etyi Ombimbiliya yamanuhulwa okuhonekwa, vana vetavela Kelongeso Lioutatu Ukola momukanda wa 1 João 5:7 avayawisako onondaka mbati: “Tate, Ondaka, Nospilitu Sandu: aveho vetatu wike vala.” Mahi onondaka ombo movihonekwa viotete ankho kambumo. Omunongo umwe konthele Yombimbiliya utiwa Bruce Metzger wati: “Okutuka menima 600 okuenda nokomutwe,” onondaka ombo ankho “mbuvahiwa unene movihonekwa Ovikulu vio Latin, no movihokwa vio [Latin] Vulgata.”

• Enyina lia Huku: Mokonda yomalongeso ova Judeu, ovapitiyi ovanyingi Vombimbiliya avatokola okupola enyina lia Huku Movihonekwa. Avapingiyapo omanyina aa: “Huku” ine “Tatekulu.” Mombimbiliya omanyina oo kaapopi vala Omutungi, novanthu, tupu apopia ovipuka viomalongeso omatutu, alo umwe Eliapu. —João 10:34, 35; 1 Coríntios 8:5, 6; 2 Coríntios 4:4.a

OÑGENI OMBIMBILIYA YATUALAKO: Tete, namphila ovahoneki vamwe Vombimbiliya ankho kavakalele nounkhengela iya tupu vimwe vapopia havioko, mahi vamwe ankho ovanongo iya tupu ovankhengela. Omanima okuhimbika motyita 6 alo omanima otyita 10 P.K., ovahoneki vapolele Ombimbiliya itiwa Massorético Movihonekwa vio Hebreu. Ovahoneki ovo, vahonekele omukanda muna onondaka mbulekesa okuti mutupu onondaka mbapenga, tupu mutupu etyi tyahaviukile. Tyina veete okuti movihonekwa omu vekahi nokupola muna etyi tyapenga, vetyihoneka konthele yomukanda vekahi nokuhoneka. Omulongesi utiwa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein wapopia okuti: “Ankho ñgeno valingilile tyawina, otyo kuvo ankho tyikahi ngatyina onkhali.”

Vali, ovihonekwa ovinyingi tuna hono, vikuatesako ovalilongesi Vombimbiliya okutala etyi tyapenga mono Mbimbiliya. Mongeleka, mokueenda kuomanima omanyingi, ononkhalamutwe mbonongeleya mbulongesa okuti ono Mbimbiliya mbavo mbo Latin mbupopia umwe otyili tyo Mbimbiliya. Mahi, momukanda wa 1 João 5:7 vayawisile-mo onondaka mbomatutu mbapopiwa konthyimbi yonthele ei. Onondaka ombo alo umwe ambupakwa Mombimbiliya Rei Jaime mo Ingelesi! Mahi, etyi kuavasiwa ovihonekwa ovikuavo avalingi ñgeni? Bruce Metzger wahoneka okuti: “Onondaka mbuli [mu 1 João 5:7] movihonekwa aviho ovikulu kambumo, ngetyi ovihonekwa vio (Siríaca, Copta, armênio, o Siríaco, Etíope novio Eslavônio) mbuvasiwa vala mo Latin.” Ngotyo, Mombimbiliya Rei Jaime nomo no Mbimbiliya ononkhuavo onondaka ombo mbapenga mbapolwamo.

Okuti ovihonekwa ovikulu vipopia umwe okuti etyi Ombimbiliya ipopia tyatualako? Puetyi onombuingwa mbo Mar Morto mbavasiwa mo 1947, ovanongo avaeleka onondaka mbovihonekwa vio Hebreu Massorético, nombu mbukahi movihonekwa vio Mbimbiliya viahonekwa kohale momanima akalamba povityita ekwi. Omuhoneki umwe po vahoneki vonombuingwa mbo Mar Morto wati: “ombuingwa ilekesa nawa okuti onondaka mbo testu, yakala omanima alamba povityita ekwi (1000) no vahoneki ova Judeu yapitiyua monkhalelo iivala nawa.”

O Biblioteca ya Chester Beatty, ko Dublin, Irlanda ina onokopia mbo papilu mbulekesa omikanda ominyingi Movihonekwa vio Vakristau mo Gregu, okukutikinyamo vina viahonekwa motyita tyavali (200) P.K.—Ombimbiliya yamanuhuka vala konyima yenima 100. O Disionaliu Yombimbiliya Anchor yapopia okuti: “Namphila o Papilu ina onondaka ononyingi onomphe mbahangununwa, mahi mbulekesa nawa okuti onondaka Mombimbiliya kambapilulukile.”

OUWA WATUNDILILAKO: Namphila palamba omanima omanyingi, kualingwa omikanda ominyingi vio Mbimbiliya, mahi ovipuka ovio viakuatesako unene. Omunongo umwe utiwa Sir Frederic Kenyon wahoneka konthele Yovihonekwa vio Gregu okuti: “Petupu omukanda omukuavo wokohale wava unene oumbangi konthele yotyili yo testu oyo, tupu petupu omunongo upondola okuanya okuti otestu yahika alo kuonthue yahonekwa nounongo.” Ngotyo konthele yo testu oyo yovihonekwa vio Vakristau mo Gregu, omunongo umwe utiwa William Henry Green wapopia okuti: “Tupondola okupopia okuti petupu vali omukanda omukuavo wahonekua monkhalelo iivala nawa.”