Ubugingo Bibugendera Gute Iyo Umuntu Apfuye?
“Inyigisho y’uko ubugingo bw’umuntu budahwera n’uko bubandanya kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye hanyuma umubiri wiwe ugasanguka, ni rimwe mu mashimikiro ya filozofiya na tewolojiya ya gikirisu.”—“NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA.”
1. Igitabu New Catholic Encyclopedia cemera iki ku vy’uko ubugingo busigara iyo umuntu apfuye?
ARIKO rero, ico gitabu nyene kiremeza yuko “iciyumviro c’uko ubugingo bubandanya kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye kitibonekeza muri Bibiliya.” None Bibiliya mu vy’ukuri yigisha iki ku vyerekeye ukuntu bigendera ubugingo iyo umuntu apfuye?
Abapfuye Ntaco Bazi
2, 3. Abapfuye bamerewe gute, kandi ni ivyanditswe ibihe bibihishura?
2 Uko abapfuye bamerewe kuratomoye mu Musiguzi 9:5, 10, aho dusoma ngo: “Abapfuye nta co baba bakizi, . . . [nta] gikorwa cank’inama cank’ukumenya cank’ubgenge i kuzimu.” Urupfu rero ni ukutabaho. Umwanditsi wa zaburi yanditse yuko igihe umuntu apfuye, “[yi]subirira mw ivu ryiwe; uwo musi nyene imigabo yiwe igashira.”—Zaburi 146:4.
3 Abapfuye rero ntaco bazi, ntaco bakora. Igihe Imana yasomera urubanza Adamu, yamenyesheje iti: “Ur’umukungugu, kand’umukungugu ni wo uzosubiramwo.” (Itanguriro 3:19) Imbere y’uko Imana ibumba Adamu imukuye mu mukungugu wo hasi hanyuma ikamuha ubuzima, Adamu ntiyariho. Aho Adamu amariye gupfa, yasubiye kumera gutyo nyene. Igihano yahawe kwari ugupfa—ntikwari ukwimurirwa mu kandi karere.
Ubugingo Burashobora Gupfa
4, 5. Tanga uturorero two muri Bibiliya twerekana ko ubugingo bushobora gupfa.
4 Igihe Adamu yapfa, ubugingo bwiwe vyabugendeye gute? Erega, ibuka yuko muri Bibiliya ijambo “ubugingo” kenshi ryerekeza ku muntu nyene. Iyo rero tuvuze ko Adamu yapfuye, tuba tuvuze yuko ubugingo bwitwa Adamu bwapfuye. Ivyo vyoshobora kwumvikana nk’ibitangaje ku muntu yemera ko ubugingo budahwera. Ariko rero, Bibiliya imenyesha iti: “Ubugingo bucumura—bwo ubwabo buzopfa.” (Ezekiyeli 18:4, NW) Mu Balewi 21:1 (NW) haravuga ivy’ “ubugingo busandavye” (“ikiziga,” Jerusalem Bible). Abanaziri na bo babwiwe kutegera “ubugingo bupfuye” (“umuvyimba,” Lamsa).—Guharūra 6:6, NW.
5 Iyindi mvugo yerekeza ku bugingo tuyisanga muri 1 Abami 19:4. (NW) Eliya yaragize amaganya menshi cane kugeza n’aho “atangura gusaba ko ubugingo bwiwe bwopfa.” Yona na we nyene “yagumye asaba ko ubugingo bwiwe bwopfa, kandi yaguma yisubiriza avuga ati: ‘Ugupfa nkavaho kumbereye kwiza kuruta ukuba muzima.’ ” (Yona 4:8, NW) Yezu na we yarakoresheje imvugo ngo “kwica ubugingo,” ari na yo Bibiliya Yera ihindura ngo “kumwica.” (Mariko 3:4) Ugupfa kw’ubugingo rero nta kindi gusobanura atari ugupfa kw’umuntu.
‘Ugusohoka’ n’ ‘Ukugaruka’
6. Bibiliya ishaka kuvuga iki igihe ivuga ko ubugingo bwa Rakeli bwariko “burasohoka”?
6 Ariko bite kuri rwa rupfu rubabaje rwa Rakeli, urwashitse igihe yariko aribaruka umuhungu wiwe w’ubuheta? Mw’Itanguriro 35:18 (NW) dusoma ngo: “Igihe ubugingo bwiwe buriko burasohoka (kuko yapfuye) amwita Benoni; mugabo se wiwe amwita Benyamini.” Uwo murongo woba none ushaka kuvuga ko Rakeli yari n’ikintu camubamwo camuvuyemwo aho apfiriye? Eka data! Ibuka yuko ijambo “ubugingo” rishobora kandi kwerekeza ku buzima umuntu afise. Ngaho rero “ubugingo” bwa Rakeli ni ukuvuga gusa “ubuzima” bwiwe. Ni co gituma iyo mvugo ngo “ubugingo bwiwe buriko burasohoka” izindi Bibiliya ziyihindura ngo “ubuzima bwiwe buriko burayongēra” (Knox), “arikw aracīkāna” (Bibiliya Yera), na “ubuzima bwiwe buriko buramuvamwo” (Bible in Basic English). Nta cerekana ko hari igihimba co muri Rakeli c’ikiyoberane cabandanije kubaho aho apfiriye.
7. Ni mu buryo ubuhe ubugingo bwa wa muhungu yazurwa w’umupfakazi ‘bwagarutse muri we’?
7 Birasa na kwa kuzuka kw’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, kuvugwa muri 1 Abami ikigabane ca 17. Ku murongo wa 22, dusoma yuko Eliya yasengeye kuri uwo mwana w’umuhungu, “Uhoraho yumvira Eliya, ubugingo bw’uyo mwana bumugarukamwo, arahēmbūka.” N’aha nyene ijambo “ubugingo” risobanura “ubuzima.” Gutyo, Bibiliya yitwa New American Standard Bible isomwa uku: “Ubuzima bw’uwo mwana bumugarukamwo arahembuka.” Egome, bwari ubuzima, si ikintu kinaka c’igitutu cagarutse muri uwo muhungu. Ivyo birahuye n’ivyo Eliya yabwiye nyina w’uyo muhungu, ati: “Eh’umwana wawe [umuntu wese uko ari] ni muzima.”—1 Abami 17:23.
Rwa Rusobe rw’Ivyitwa “Imero Icamwo”
8. Ni ibiki abavuga ko ari Abakirisu bemera ko bizoshika mu gihe c’izuka?
8 Benshi mu bavuga ko ari Abakirisu baremera yuko hazobaho izuka, ico gihe ngo imibiri ikazokwongera gufatanywa n’ubugingo budahwera. Maze abazutse ngo bazoshikirizwa itahiro ryabo—abigenjeje neza mu buzima baronke impera canke abanyakibi baronke igihano.
9. Imvugo ngo “imero icamwo” isobanura iki, kandi bamwebamwe bavuga ko ubugingo bibugendera gute muri ico kiringo?
9 Ico ciyumviro gisa n’icoroshe. Ariko abashigikiye ukudahwera kw’ubugingo birabagora gusigura ukuntu bigendera ubugingo mu gihe kiri hagati y’ugupfa n’ukuzuka. Koko, ico kiringo nk’uko gikunda kwitwa “imero icamwo” kiramaze ibinjana n’ibindi kivyura ugukekereza. Hari abavuga yuko muri ico gihe ubugingo buja mw’ipurugatori, aho bushobora gutyororwa bugakurwako ibicumuro bishobora kurekurwa, kugira ngo bube ubukwiriye ijuru.a
10. Ni kuki binyuranye n’Ivyanditswe kwemera ko ubugingo buyenzera mw’ipurugatori inyuma y’ugupfa, kandi ivyabaye kuri Lazaro bivyemeza gute?
10 Ariko rero, nk’uko twabibonye, ubugingo ni we muntu nyene. Igihe umuntu apfuye, ubugingo burapfa. Ni co gituma rero ata kubaho umuntu agira amaze gupfa. Mu vy’ukuri, igihe Lazaro yapfa, Yezu Kirisitu ntiyavuze yuko yari mw’ipurugatori, mw’Irimbi canke ahandi hantu mu “mero icamwo.” Ahubwo Yezu yavuze gusa ati: “Lazaro, . . . arasinziriye.” (Yohana 11:11) Ni ivyumvikana, Yezu uwari azi ukuri ku vyerekeye ukuntu bigendera ubugingo iyo umuntu apfuye, yemera yuko Lazaro ataco yari azi, ko atari ariho.
Impwemu Canke Umushaha Ni Iki?
11. Ni kuki ijambo “impwemu” ridashobora kuba ryerekeza ku gice kinaka gitandukanye n’umubiri w’umuntu kibandanya kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye?
11 Bibiliya ivuga yuko igihe umuntu apfuye, ‘impwemu yiwe imuvamwo, akisubirira mw’ivu ryiwe.’ (Zaburi 146:4) None ivyo vyoba bisobanura yuko hari impwemu itandukanijwe n’umubiri igenda bugende hanyuma ikabandanya kubaho inyuma y’ugupfa kw’umuntu? Ivyo ntivyoshoboka, kuko umwanditsi wa zaburi abandanya avuga, ati “Uwo musi nyene imigabo yiwe igashira” (“ukwiyumvira kwiwe kwose kurahera,” New English Bible). None iyo mpwemu ni iki, kandi ni gute ‘iva’ mu muntu kirya gihe apfa?
12. Amajambo y’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki yahinduwemwo “impwemu” canke “umushaha” muri Bibiliya afise iyihe nsobanuro?
12 Muri Bibiliya amajambo yahinduwe ngo “impwemu” canke ngo “umushaha” (Mu Giheburayo, ruʹach; mu Kigiriki, pneuʹma) asobanura canecane “impemu.” Ni co gituma aho guhindura ngo ‘impwemu yiwe imuvamwo,’ impinduro ya R. A. Knox ikoresha imvugo ngo “impemu ziva mu mubiri wiwe.” (Zaburi 145:4, Knox) Ariko ijambo “impwemu” ririmwo vyinshi atari gusa uguhema. Nk’akarorero, mu kudondora ihona ry’ubuzima bw’abantu n’ubw’ibikoko igihe ca ya Segenya yakwira isi, mw’Itanguriro 7:22 (NW) havuga hati: “Ikintu cose cakoreshwa n’impemu z’inguvu [canke, impwemu; mu Giheburayo, ruʹach] zitanga ubuzima ziciye mu mazuru yavyo, ni ukuvuga ivyari i rusi vyose, birapfa.” Urumva rero ko ijambo “impwemu” rishobora kwerekeza ku nguvu y’ubuzima ikorera mu biremwa bizima vyose, ni ukuvuga abantu n’ibikoko, igafashwa n’uguhema.
13. Ni mu buryo ubuhe impwemu ishobora gusanishwa n’umuyagankuba?
13 Akarorero: Umuyagankuba urashira ubukomezi mu cuma. Iyo uwo muyagankuba ucitse, ico cuma kirareka gukora. Umuyagankuba ntubandanya gukora uri ukwawo. No mu gihe umuntu apfuye nyene, impwemu yiwe irareka guha inguvu utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri. Ntita umubiri ngo ije mu kandi karere.—Zaburi 104:29.
14, 15. Ni mu buryo ubuhe umushaha, canke impwemu, usubira ku Mana igihe c’ugupfa?
14 Ni kuki none mu Musiguzi 12:7 havuga yuko iyo umuntu apfuye “umushaha [u]subira ku Mana yawutanze”? Ivyo vyoba bivuga yuko umushaha utembera butembere ugaca mu kirere ugashika aho Imana iri? Nta kintu nk’ico kirimwo ngaho. Uribuka yuko umushaha canke impwemu ari inguvu y’ubuzima. Igihe iyo nguvu y’ubuzima igiye, Imana ni yo yonyene ifise ubushobozi bwo kuyigarukana. Nuko rero umushaha, canke impwemu, “[u]subira ku Mana” mu buryo bw’uko kuri uwo muntu icizigiro cose c’ukuronka ubuzima muri kazoza kiba gisigaye ku Mana gusa.
15 Imana ni yo yonyene ishobora kugarukana impwemu, ari yo nguvu y’ubuzima, igatuma umuntu yongera kuba muzima. (Zaburi 104:30) Ariko ivyo Imana yoba iteganya kubikora?
[Akajambo k’epfo]
a Dukurikije igitabu New Catholic Encyclopedia, “abatanguje [Ekeleziya] tubafatiye hamwe baremeza neza yuko ipurugatori iriho.” Yamara ico gitabu nyene kiremeza yuko “inyigisho ya Gatolika y’ivy’ipurugatori ishimikiye ku nkuru mpererekano, si ku Vyanditswe Vyeranda.”
[Uruzitiro ku rup. 23]
Ivyibukwa vy’Ubuzima Umuntu Yahozemwo
NIBA ata gisigara iyo umubiri upfuye, twovuga iki none kuri vya bintu abantu bavuga ko bibuka vy’ubuzima bahozemwo?
Incabwenge w’Umuhindu, Nikhilananda, avuga yuko ‘ibishikira umuntu amaze gupfa bidashobora gusigurwa hakoreshejwe ubwenge.’ Mu nsiguro yitwa “Uturorero tw’Ukwemera ivy’Ibihe Bidahera mu Madini,” umunyatewolojiya Hans Küng avuga ati: “Nta n’imwe mu nkuru z’ivyibukwa vy’ubuzima umuntu yahozemwo yoshobora kwemezwa, canecane iziva ku bana canke izituruka mu bihugu aho abantu bizera ivy’uko umuntu yapfuye yongera kuvukira mu kindi kiremwa.” Yongerako ati: “Benshi mu [bashakashatsi bakora bavyitayeko kandi bagakoresha siyansi muri urwo rwego], baremera yuko ibintu bashitseko bidatanga ishimikiro ryozana icemeza vy’ukuri ukwisubiramwo kw’ubuzima bwo kw’isi.”
Bite none mu gihe wokwiyumvamwo ko hari ibintu wibuka vy’ubuzima bunaka wahozemwo? Inyiyumvo nk’izo zoshobora guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye. Menshi mu makuru turonka abikwa kure mu kigobero kihishije k’ubwonko bwacu kazika amakuru, kubera ko tutaba dukeneye gushoka tuyakoresha buno nyene. Iyo ibintu vyibagiwe bigarutse mu bwenge, hari abantu baca bibwira yuko ivyo ari ukwibonekeza kw’ubuzima bunaka bahozemwo. Yamara rero, ukuri kuhari ni uko ata bintu dufise bitwemeza ko hoba hari ubundi buzima twagize kiretse ubwo turimwo ubu. Benshi mu bantu bariho kw’isi nta vyibukwa na bikeyi bafise vy’uko bigeze kugira ubundi buzima; eka mbere ntibaniyumvira yuko boba barahoze mu bundi buzima.