Igice cya 16

Amateraniro dusengeramo Imana, tukigishwa kandi tugaterwa inkunga

AMATERANIRO y’itorero afite umwanya w’ingenzi mu bikorwa by’Abahamya ba Yehova. Niyo bari mu mimerere igoranye, bihatira kujya mu materaniro buri gihe nk’uko Bibiliya ibibateramo inkunga igira iti “nimucyo kandi tujye tuzirikanana kugira ngo duterane ishyaka ryo gukundana no gukora imirimo myiza, tutirengagiza guteranira hamwe nk’uko hari bamwe babigize akamenyero, ahubwo duterane inkunga kandi turusheho kubigenza dutyo uko mubona urya munsi ugenda wegereza” (Heb 10:24, 25). Iyo bishoboka, buri torero rigira amateraniro incuro eshatu mu cyumweru, yose hamwe akamara amasaha ane n’iminota 45. Icyakora, imiterere y’amateraniro n’incuro aba byagiye bihinduka bitewe n’ibyabaga bikenewe.

Amateraniro y’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere yabagamo ibintu byinshi byagaragazaga ko bari bafite impano z’umwuka zo gukora ibitangaza. Kubera iki? Kubera ko binyuze kuri izo mpano, Imana yatanze gihamya y’uko itari igikoresha idini ry’Abayahudi, ahubwo ko umwuka wayo wakoranaga n’itorero rya gikristo ryari rimaze gushingwa (Ibyak 2:1-21; Heb 2:2-4). Muri ayo materaniro y’Abakristo ba mbere, barasengaga, bakaririmba indirimbo zo gusingiza Imana, kandi bibandaga ku buhanuzi (ni ukuvuga kugeza ku bandi ibyo Imana yahishuye ku birebana n’ibyo ishaka n’umugambi wayo), kandi bagatanga inyigisho zakomezaga abazumvaga. Abo Bakristo babayeho mu gihe habaga ibintu bihebuje bifitanye isano n’umugambi w’Imana. Bari bakeneye gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu no kumenya icyo bagombaga gukora bahuje na byo. Icyakora, uko bamwe bitwaraga mu materaniro yabo ntibyari bihwitse, kandi nk’uko Bibiliya ibigaragaza, bari bakeneye kugirwa inama kugira ngo ibintu byose bikorwe mu buryo bwari kugirira bose akamaro.—1 Kor 14:1-40.

Ese ibintu byarangaga amateraniro y’abo Bakristo ba mbere ni na byo byarangaga amateraniro y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya mu myaka ya 1870 na nyuma yaho?

Uko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ba mbere bahabwaga ibyo bari bakeneye mu buryo bw’umwuka

Mu mwaka wa 1870, Charles Taze Russell n’itsinda rito ry’abo bari bafatanyije bo muri Allegheny ho muri Pennsylvania no hafi yaho, batangije ishuri bigiragamo Bibiliya. Ayo materaniro yatumye barushaho gukunda Imana n’Ijambo ryayo kandi bamenya icyo Bibiliya yigisha. Muri ayo materaniro ntibavugaga izindi ndimi mu buryo bw’igitangaza. Kubera iki? Izo mpano zo gukora ibitangaza zari zarageze ku ntego yazo mu kinyejana cya mbere, kandi nk’uko Bibiliya yari yarabihanuye, zari zarahagaze. Umuvandimwe Russell yasobanuye ko “icyagombaga gukurikiraho ari ukugaragaza imbuto z’umwuka, nk’uko Mutagatifu Pawulo yabigaragaje mu buryo bwumvikana neza” (1 Kor 13:4-10). Nk’uko byari bimeze mu kinyejana cya mbere, hari umurimo wihutirwa wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza wagombaga gukorwa, kandi bagombaga guterwa inkunga kugira ngo bawukore (Heb 10:24, 25). Bidatinze, batangiye kujya baterana kabiri mu cyumweru.

Umuvandimwe Russell yasobanukiwe ko abagaragu ba Yehova bagombaga kunga ubumwe aho baba bari hose ku isi. Ni yo mpamvu mu mwaka wa 1879, Umunara w’Umurinzi umaze igihe gito utangiye kwandikwa, abasomyi bawo babwiwe ko bashoboraga gusaba ko umuvandimwe Russell cyangwa umwe mu bo bari bafatanyije yabasura. Basobanuriwe mu buryo bwumvikana neza ko “nta kiguzi cyangwa amafaranga bari kwakwa.” Abantu basabye gusurwa ari benshi, maze umuvandimwe Russell atangira urugendo rwamaze ukwezi, agera i Lynn muri leta ya Massachusetts, aho ageze hose akamarana n’abantu baho amasaha ari hagati y’ane n’atandatu. Yabahaga disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibintu bifitanye isano n’Ubwami bw’Imana.”

Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1881, umuvandimwe Russell yateye inkunga abasomyi b’Umunara w’Umurinzi bari bataratangira kugira amateraniro buri gihe mu karere k’iwabo, ati “mutangire kugira amateraniro mu ngo zanyu, muri kumwe n’abagize umuryango wanyu cyangwa abantu bake bashimishijwe. Mujye musomera hamwe, mwigire hamwe, musingize Imana kandi muyisenge, kuko aho muzaba muteraniye hamwe muri babiri cyangwa batatu mu izina ry’Umwami, azaba ari hagati yanyu abigisha. Uko ni ko amateraniro y’itorero yakorwaga mu gihe cy’intumwa. (Reba Filemoni 2.)”

Gahunda y’amateraniro yagendaga itera imbere buhoro buhoro. Hatangwaga ibitekerezo, ariko buri tsinda ni ryo ryagombaga kwifatira umwanzuro rihuje n’imimerere y’aho riri. Rimwe na rimwe umuntu yashoboraga gutanga disikuru, ariko icyibanzweho cyane ni amateraniro buri wese yashoboraga kwifatanyamo yisanzuye. Mu mizo ya mbere amashuri amwe y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ntiyakoreshaga cyane ibitabo by’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu materaniro, ariko abagenzuzi basuraga ayo matsinda, babafashije kubona akamaro ko gukoresha ibyo bitabo.

Imibumbe y’igitabo cyavugaga iby’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi (L’Aurole du millénium), yatangiye gukoreshwa mu materaniro yo kwiga Bibiliya. Mu mwaka wa 1895, ayo matsinda yo kwiga Bibiliya yiswe Amatsinda y’Umuseke yo Kwiga Bibiliya.a Muri Noruveje baje kuyita “amateraniro yo gusoma no kuganira,” bongeraho ko “muri ayo materaniro basomaga mu ijwi riranguruye ibitabo bya Russell, hanyuma abafite icyo bongeraho cyangwa ibibazo bakazamura ukuboko.” Umuvandimwe Russell yagiriye ababaga baje muri ayo materaniro inama yo kujya bakoresha ubuhinduzi butandukanye bw’Ibyanditswe, impuzamirongo zo muri Bibiliya n’amarangiro yo muri Bibiliya. Akenshi ayo matsinda yo kwiga Bibiliya yabaga agizwe n’abantu baringaniye, bagateranira mu rugo rw’umuntu ku mugoroba unogeye abagize iryo tsinda. Ayo materaniro ni yo yaje kuvamo Icyigisho cy’Igitabo cy’Itorero cyo muri iki gihe.

Umuvandimwe Russell yabonye ko hari hakenewe ikindi kintu kirenze kwiga inyigisho za Bibiliya. Hari hakenewe amagambo yo kwiyegurira Imana kugira ngo abantu bakorwe ku mutima no kwishimira urukundo rw’Imana kandi bagire icyifuzo cyo kuyubaha no kuyikorera. Ni yo mpamvu amatsinda ya Bibiliya yatewe inkunga yo gushyiraho gahunda y’iteraniro ryihariye rya buri cyumweru. Rimwe na rimwe bayitaga “Amateraniro yo mu Rugo” kubera ko yaberaga mu ngo. Iyo porogaramu yabaga igizwe n’amasengesho, indirimbo zo gusingiza Imana n’ubuhamya bwatangwaga n’abateranye.b Hari igihe ubwo buhamya bwabaga bukubiyemo inkuru zitera inkunga z’ibyabaye, hamwe n’inkuru z’ibigeragezo, ingorane n’imihangayiko baheruka guhura na byo. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe ayo materaniro yananiwe kugera ku ntego bitewe n’uko bakabyaga guha abantu agaciro. Umunara w’Umurinzi wagaragaje mu bugwaneza uko byakosorwa.

Edith Brenisen, umugore w’umwe mu bagenzuzi ba mbere basuraga amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya muri Amerika, yavuze uko ayo materaniro yabaga ameze agira ati “wabaga ari umugoroba wo gutekereza ku kuntu Yehova atwitaho abigiranye rukundo, kandi yatumaga dusabana n’abavandimwe bacu. Iyo twategaga amatwi abatangaga ubuhamya, byatumaga turushaho kubamenya neza. Kwibonera ubudahemuka bwabo n’ukuntu bahanganye n’ingorane, akenshi byadufashaga gukemura ibibazo byabaga biduhangayikishije.” Icyakora nyuma y’igihe byaje kugaragara ko amateraniro agamije gufasha buri wese kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza ari yo yari kurushaho kuba ingirakamaro.

Abavandimwe bari bahangayikishijwe n’uburyo amateraniro yo ku cyumweru yakorwaga mu duce tumwe na tumwe. Amashuri amwe yageragezaga kwiga Bibiliya umurongo ku wundi. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, umurongo w’Ibyanditswe watangwagaho ibisobanuro binyuranye cyane ku buryo wasangaga bitubaka rwose. Mu rwego rwo gukemura icyo kibazo, abavandimwe bamwe bo mu itorero ry’i Los Angeles muri leta ya Kaliforuniya bakoze urutonde rw’ingingo zo kwiga Bibiliya, bategura ibibazo n’imirongo ya Bibiliya abagize ishuri bose bagombaga gusuzuma mbere yo kuza mu materaniro. Mu mwaka wa 1902, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wateguye Bibiliya yari irimo “imfashanyigisho zo kwiga Bibiliya nk’abantu b’i Beroya.” Iyo Bibiliya yari irimo n’irangiro ry’imitwe y’ibiganiro bishingiye kuri Bibiliya.c Kugira ngo ibintu birusheho koroshywa, guhera ku Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1905, hasohokagamo ingingo zagombaga kujya ziganirwaho n’abagize itorero, zirimo ibibazo n’imirongo ya Bibiliya n’ibitabo by’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society bashoboraga gukoreramo ubushakashatsi. Byakomeje bityo kugeza mu mwaka wa 1914, igihe hasohokaga ibibazo byari kuzajya bikoreshwa mu kwiga imibumbe y’igitabo cyasobanuraga Ibyanditswe (Études des Écritures) mu matsinda yo kwiga Bibiliya nk’abantu b’i Beroya.

Amashuri yose yari abonye ibintu bimwe yagombaga kwiga, ariko incuro yagiraga amateraniro ya buri cyumweru zabaga zitandukanye, kuva ku ncuro imwe kugera kuri enye cyangwa zirenga, bitewe na gahunda ya buri tsinda. I Colombo muri Siri Lanka (icyo gihe yitwaga Ceylon), guhera mu mwaka wa 1914 amateraniro yabaga buri munsi.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batewe inkunga yo kwitoza gukora ubushakashatsi, ‘kugenzura ibintu byose,’ no kuvuga ibitekerezo mu magambo yabo (1 Tes 5:21). Umuvandimwe Russell yabateraga inkunga yo kungurana ibitekerezo mu bwisanzure ku byo babaga biga. Nanone yabahaye umuburo agira ati “ntimuzigere mwibagirwa ko Bibiliya ari yo ituyobora, kandi ko imfashanyigisho zose Imana iduha ari ‘imfashanyigisho’ gusa, ko zidasimbura Bibiliya.”

Kwibuka urupfu rw’Umwami

Guhera mu mwaka wa 1876, buri mwaka Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bibukaga urupfu rw’Umwami.d Mu mizo ya mbere, abagize itsinda ry’i Pittsburgh muri leta ya Pennsylvania no hafi yaho, bateraniraga mu rugo rw’umwe mu ncuti zabo. Mu mwaka wa 1883, umubare w’abateranaga wari wariyongereye ugera hafi ku ijana, kandi bateraniraga mu nzu bakodeshaga. Mu mwaka wa 1905, abavandimwe bari biteze ko i Pittsburgh hari kuzateranira abantu benshi, maze bakodesha inzu nini ya Carnegie Hall.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya basobanukiwe ko uwo munsi wagombaga kujya wizihizwa rimwe mu mwaka aho kuba buri cyumweru. Itariki bawizihirizaga yahuraga n’itariki ya 14 Nisani kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, ari wo munsi Yesu yapfuyeho. Hari ibyagiye binonosorwa mu birebana no kubara iyo tariki uko imyaka yagendaga ihita.e Ariko ikintu cy’ingenzi bibandagaho ni icyo uwo munsi wasobanuraga.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bizihizaga Urwibutso mu matsinda mato n’amanini yateraniraga mu duce twinshi, ariko abashoboraga kujya kwifatanya n’abavandimwe b’i Pittsburgh bakirwaga neza. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1886 kugeza mu wa 1893, abasomyi b’Umunara w’Umurinzi babishoboraga bose batumirirwaga kujya guteranira i Pittsburgh, kandi bazaga baturutse mu duce dutandukanye two muri Amerika no muri Kanada. Ibyo ntibyatumaga bizihiza Urwibutso gusa, ahubwo nanone byabafashaga gushimangira ubumwe bwabo bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Icyakora uko umubare w’amashuri wagendaga wiyongera muri Amerika no mu tundi duce two hirya no hino ku isi, ntibyari bicyoroshye kugerageza guteranira ahantu hamwe, kandi Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babonye ko byarushaho kuba byiza bagiye bateranira aho batuye.

Nk’uko Umunara w’Umurinzi wabigaragaje, hari abantu benshi bavugaga ko bizera incungu, kandi bose bazaga mu Rwibutso rwa buri mwaka. Icyakora uwo munsi wari ufite ibisobanuro byihariye ku bantu mu by’ukuri bari bagize ‘umukumbi muto’ wa Kristo. Abo ni abari kuzategekana na we mu Bwami bwo mu ijuru. Ku mugoroba wabanjirije urupfu rwa Yesu, igihe yatangizaga Urwibutso, yabwiye abahawe ibyo byiringiro ati “mujye mukomeza gukora mutya munyibuka.”—Luka 12:32; 22:19, 20, 28-30.

Cyane cyane mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1930, ni bwo abagize “imbaga y’abantu benshi” b’izindi ntama batangiye kugaragara (Ibyah 7:9, 10; Yoh 10:16). Icyo gihe bitwaga Abayonadabu. Ku ncuro ya mbere, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Gashyantare 1938 wabatumiriye kuzaba bari mu Rwibutso ugira uti “ku itariki ya 15 Mata nyuma ya saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, abasutsweho umwuka bose bazahurire hamwe kugira ngo bizihize Urwibutso, kandi na bagenzi babo b’Abayonadabu bazabe bahari.” Kandi koko baraje, bataje kurya ku mugati no kunywa kuri divayi, ahubwo ari indorerezi. Batumye umubare w’abateranye Urwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Kristo icyo gihe wiyongera cyane. Mu mwaka wa 1938 abateranye bose hamwe bari 73.420 naho abariye ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi bari 39.225. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, abazaga ari indorerezi na bo batangiye kwiyongeraho abashya bari bashimishijwe n’abandi bari bataraba Abahamya ba Yehova. Mu mwaka wa 1992, igihe abakoraga umurimo wo kubwiriza bari bamaze kugera kuri 4.472.787, abaje mu Rwibutso bari 11.431.171, kandi abariye ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi bari 8.683 gusa. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, umubare w’abateranaga wabaga ukubye incuro eshanu cyangwa esheshatu umubare w’Abahamya.

Kubera ko Abahamya ba Yehova baha agaciro cyane urupfu rwa Kristo, bizihiza Urwibutso niyo baba bari mu mimerere igoranye cyane. Mu myaka ya 1970, igihe muri Rodeziya (ubu ni Zimbabwe) hari umukwabu w’intambara watumaga nta muntu ushobora kujya hanze nimugoroba, abavandimwe bo mu duce tumwe na tumwe bose bajyaga mu rugo rw’Umuhamya wa Yehova ku manywa maze nimugoroba bakizihiza Urwibutso. Birumvikana ariko ko batashoboraga gusubira mu ngo zabo, bityo barararaga. Nyuma y’Urwibutso, baririmbaga indirimbo z’Ubwami kandi bakabwirana inkuru z’ibyabaye, kandi ibyo byatumaga barushaho guterwa inkunga.

Mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, bizihizaga Urwibutso nubwo bashoboraga guhanwa bikomeye iyo abarinzi babafata. Igihe Harold King yari wenyine muri gereza y’Abakomunisiti mu Bushinwa kuva mu mwaka wa 1958 kugeza mu wa 1963 azira ko ari Umukristo, yakoraga uko ashoboye kose akizihiza Urwibutso uko imimerere yabaga ibimwemerera. Nyuma yaho yaravuze ati “nareberaga mu idirishya rya kasho nari mfungiwemo, nkitegereza uko ukwezi kwagendaga gukura kugeza kubaye inzora mu ntangiriro z’itumba. Nabaraga itariki y’Urwibutso mbyitondeye.” Yirwanagaho agashaka ibigereranyo yari akeneye, agakoresha divayi y’inkeri, n’umuceri mu cyimbo cy’umugati udasembuye. Nanone yaravuze ati “nararirimbaga, ngasenga hanyuma ngatanga disikuru yari isanzwe itangwa kuri uwo munsi, nk’uko byakorwaga mu matorero y’ubwoko bwa Yehova. Bityo, buri mwaka numvaga nunze ubumwe n’abavandimwe banjye bo hirya no hino ku isi kuri uwo munsi w’ingenzi cyane.”

Abakiri bato bayagiramo uruhare

Muri iyo myaka ya mbere, ibitabo by’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya n’amateraniro yabo ntibyategurwaga bazirikana abakiri bato. Bashoboraga kuyazamo, kandi bamwe muri bo barazaga bagatega amatwi bashishikaye. Icyakora, nta mihati yihariye yari yarigeze ishyirwaho kugira ngo bayagiremo uruhare. Kubera iki?

Icyo gihe abavandimwe batekerezaga ko hari hasigaye igihe gito cyane ngo abagize umugeni wa Kristo bose bamusange mu ikuzo ryo mu ijuru. Mu mwaka wa 1883, Umunara w’Umurinzi wagize uti “twe turimo duhabwa imyitozo ifitanye isano no guhamagarwa ko mu ijuru, ntidushobora kwirengagiza umurimo wihariye ukorwa muri iki gihe, ni ukuvuga umurimo wo gutegura ‘Umugeni, umugore w’Umwana w’Intama.’ Umugeni agomba kwitegura; kandi muri iki gihe arimo yambikwa imirimbo ya nyuma yitegura ubukwe, buri wese mu bagize umugeni arakenewe muri uyu murimo w’ingenzi cyane.”

Ababyeyi bashishikarizwaga cyane gusohoza inshingano Imana yabahaye yo kwigisha abana babo iby’umwuka. Ntibaterwaga inkunga yo kugira amashuri yo ku cyumweru y’abana gusa. Byari byaragaragaye ko amashuri yo ku cyumweru y’abana yo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo yari yarangije byinshi. Ababyeyi boherezaga abana babo muri ayo mashuri, akenshi bibwiraga ko iyo gahunda yabakuriragaho inshingano yo kwigisha abana babo iyobokamana. Abana na bo ntibari bagishishikarira kubaha ababyeyi babo uko bikwiriye kubera ko atari bo babahaga uburere bw’ibanze bw’ibyerekeye Imana.

Icyakora, kuva mu mwaka wa 1892 kugeza mu wa 1927 Umunara w’Umurinzi wabaga urimo umwanya wahariwe ibisobanuro ku mwandiko wo mu “Masomo y’Ishuri Mpuzamahanga ryo ku Cyumweru,” icyo gihe yari yiganje mu matorero menshi y’Abaporotesitanti. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, ayo masomo yategurwaga na F. N. Peloubet wari pasiteri mu idini ry’Abakongeregasiyonalisiti afatanyije n’abari bamwungirije. Umunara w’Umurinzi watangaga ibisobanuro kuri ayo masomo ushingiye ku bumenyi bwimbitse bw’Ibyanditswe butandujwe n’inyigisho z’amadini yiyita aya gikristo Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bafite. Babaga biringiye ko Umunara w’Umurinzi wari kugera muri ayo madini, bityo abayagize bakabona ukuri bamwe muri bo bakakwemera. Birumvikana ariko ko itandukaniro ryigaragazaga, kandi ibyo byarakaje cyane abayobozi b’amadini y’Abaporotesitanti.

Umwaka wa 1918 warageze, kandi abasigaye mu basutsweho umwuka bari bakiri ku isi. Umubare w’abana bazaga mu materaniro yabo na wo wari wariyongereye cyane. Incuro nyinshi, wasangaga abakiri bato bikinira mu gihe ababyeyi babaga barimo biga. Nyamara abakiri bato na bo bari bakeneye kwiga ‘gushaka gukiranuka no kwicisha bugufi’ kugira ngo ‘bazahishwe ku munsi w’uburakari bw’UMWAMI’ (Zef 2:3, KJ). Bityo, mu mwaka wa 1918, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society washishikarije amatorero gushyiraho ishuri ry’abakiri bato bafite imyaka 8 kugeza kuri 15. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, habagaho n’amashuri y’abana bakiri bato cyane ku buryo batakwigana n’abandi. Ariko nanone, bakomezaga gutsindagiriza ko ababyeyi ari bo bafite inshingano yo kwigisha abana babo.

Ibyo byatumye hafatwa izindi ngamba. Mu mwaka wa 1920 Nimukanguke! yabaga irimo “Icyigisho cya Bibiliya cy’Abakiri bato,” hamwe n’ibibazo biherekejwe n’imirongo y’Ibyanditswe ibonekamo ibisubizo. Nanone muri uwo mwaka, hasohotse agatabo karimo amashusho ababyeyi bari kuzajya bakoresha bigisha abana babo ukuri kw’ibanze ko muri Bibiliya n’imico ya gikristo (The Golden Age ABC). Mu mwaka wa 1924 hakurikiyeho igitabo cyanditswe na W. E. Van Amburgh (The Way to Paradise). Cyari kigenewe “Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bamaze kugira ubumenyi bw’ibanze.” Icyo gitabo cyamaze igihe runaka gikoreshwa mu materaniro y’abakiri bato. Byongeye kandi, “Abahamya bakiri bato” bo muri Amerika bagiraga gahunda yabo yo kubwiriza. Abakiri bato bo mu Busuwisi bari bafite hagati y’imyaka 13 na 25 bashinze umuryango witwaga “Urubyiruko rwa Yehova.” Bari bafite ibiro i Berne n’ikinyamakuru cyihariye cyitwaga Urubyiruko rwa Yehova, cyacapwaga n’imashini zaho z’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Bagiraga amateraniro yabo kandi bagategura za darame zishingiye kuri Bibiliya, urugero nk’iyo bakiniye muri Volkshaus mu mugi wa Zurich, imbere y’abantu 1.500.

Icyakora, byaje kugaragara ko hari undi muryango wari urimo uvukira mu muryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova. Ibyo ntibyari gutuma bunga ubumwe, akaba ari yo mpamvu mu mwaka wa 1936 wahagaritswe. Muri Mata 1938, igihe J. F. Rutherford wari perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yari yasuye Ositaraliya, yabonye ko abana bari bateguriwe ishuri ryabo, batari kumwe n’abakuru mu ikoraniro. Yahise asaba ko abana bose baza bagateranira hamwe n’abakuru, kandi ibyo byabagiriye akamaro cyane.

Muri uwo mwaka, Umunara w’Umurinzi wongeye gusuzuma mu buryo burambuye ikibazo cy’amashuri y’abana bateranira ukwabo mu itorero. Iyo ngingo yongeye gutsindagiriza ko ababyeyi ari bo bafite inshingano yo kwigisha abana babo. (Efe 6:4; gereranya no Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 4:9, 10; Yeremiya 35:6-10.) Nanone yagaragaje ko nta na hamwe Bibiliya igaragaza ko abakiri bato bagomba guteranira ukwabo mu mashuri y’abakiri bato. Ahubwo, igaragaza ko bagombaga kuba bari kumwe n’ababyeyi babo kugira ngo bige Ijambo ry’Imana (Guteg 31:12, 13; Yos 8:34, 35). Iyo habaga hari ibindi bisobanuro bakeneye ku byizwe, ababyeyi babibasobanuriraga bageze mu rugo. Byongeye kandi, izo ngingo zagaragaje ko amashuri y’abana mu by’ukuri yabangamiraga umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza ku nzu n’inzu. Yawubangamiraga ate? Abarimu basibaga umurimo wo kubwiriza kugira ngo babone uko bategura amasomo kandi banayigishe. Bityo, amashuri yose y’abakiri bato yarahagaze.

Kugeza n’uyu munsi, Abahamya ba Yehova batoye umuco w’uko abagize umuryango bose bajyana mu materaniro y’itorero. Ababyeyi bafasha abana babo gutegura kugira ngo bazashobore kuyifatanyamo mu buryo bukwiriye. Byongeye kandi, hateganyijwe ibitabo byo gufasha ababyeyi kugira ngo bigishirize abana mu rugo. Muri ibyo bitabo harimo igitabo cyasohotse mu wa 1941 (Enfants); icyasohotse mu wa 1971 (Ecoutez le grand Enseignant); icyasohotse mu wa 1976 (Votre jeunesse — Comment en tirer le meilleur parti); Igitabo cy’amateka ya Bibiliya cyasohotse mu wa 1978 n’Ibibazo urubyiruko rwibaza n’ibisubizo byabyo cyasohotse mu wa 1989.

Bose bafashwa kuba ababwirizabutumwa barangwa n’ishyaka

Kuva Umunara w’Umurinzi watangira gusohoka, buri gihe abasomyi bawo bibutswaga ko Abakristo b’ukuri bose bafite inshingano yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bwerekeye umugambi w’Imana. Amateraniro y’itorero yabafashije gutegurira imitima yabo n’ubwenge bwabo gukora uwo murimo kuko yatumaga urukundo bakunda Yehova rwiyongera kandi bagakomeza kunguka ubumenyi ku byerekeye umugambi we. Ariko cyane cyane nyuma y’ikoraniro ryabereye i Cedar Point muri leta ya Ohio mu mwaka wa 1922, bibandaga cyane ku byagerwagaho mu murimo wo kubwiriza n’uko bawifatanyamo mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza.

Akanyamakuru kabaga karimo amakuru yerekeranye n’umurimo wo kubwiriza (Bulletinf) kabaga karimo uburyo bugufi bwo gutangiza ibiganiro ababwiriza bagombaga gufata mu mutwe bakajya babukoresha babwiriza. Mu rwego rwo kubashishikariza gushyira hamwe mu mihati bashyiragaho batangaza Ubwami, mu mwaka wa 1923 hafi ya wose, mu ntangiriro za buri kwezi, kimwe cya kabiri cy’amateraniro yo gusenga, gusingiza Imana n’ubuhamya yo kuwa gatatu nimugoroba, cyaharirwaga ubuhamya bw’ibyabaye mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

Guhera mu mwaka wa 1926, amateraniro ya buri kwezi yasuzumirwagamo ibijyanye n’umurimo wo kubwiriza yitwaga Amateraniro y’abakozi. Ubusanzwe, abazaga muri ayo materaniro ni abakoraga umurimo wo kubwiriza. Muri ayo materaniro basuzumaga uburyo bakoreshaga babwiriza, kandi bagakora gahunda y’ibyo bazakora mu murimo. Mu mwaka wa 1928, amatorero yose yagiriye inama yo kujya agira ayo materaniro buri cyumweru. Mu myaka ine yakurikiyeho, amatorero yatangiye gusimbuza Iteraniro ry’Ubuhamya (cyangwa ryo Gutangaza) icyaje kwitwa Iteraniro ry’Umurimo, kandi buri wese yashishikarizwaga kurijyamo. Hashize imyaka isaga 60 iryo teraniro rya buri cyumweru ribera mu matorero yose. Iryo teraniro ritanga ubufasha bwihariye ku birebana n’uburyo bwose umurimo wa gikristo ukorwamo, binyuze ku madisikuru, ibiganiro bisaba ko abateranye batanga ibitekerezo, ibyerekanwa no kugira icyo babaza abantu runaka.

Iryo teraniro ntiryatangiye mu kinyejana cya 20. Yesu na we yahaye abigishwa be amabwiriza mbere y’uko abatuma kubwiriza (Mat 10:5–11:1; Luka 10:1-16). Nyuma yaho bateraniraga hamwe bagaterana inkunga babwirana inkuru z’ibyo babaga babonye mu murimo wo kubwiriza.—Ibyak 4:21-31; 15:3.

Mu myaka ya mbere, amateraniro asanzwe y’itorero ntiyabagamo gahunda yo gutoza ababwiriza kuvugira mu ruhame. Icyakora, guhera mu mwaka wa 1916, abumvaga bifitemo impano yo kuvugira mu ruhame bagiriwe inama yo kwishyiriraho amashuri, wenda bagashaka umusaza ubayobora, akabatega amatwi mu gihe batanga disikuru kandi akabagira inama y’uko banonosora ibyo bashyira muri disikuru zabo n’uko bazitanga. Ayo materaniro yabaga arimo abagabo gusa, yaje kwitwa Amashuri y’Abahanuzi. Grant Suiter yavuze uko byari byifashe muri iyo minsi agira ati “inama zubaka nagirwaga mu ishuri ntizari zikaze ugereranyije n’inama zikarishye papa yangiriye twiherereye igihe yari yaje muri ayo materaniro akumva uko nageragezaga gutanga disikuru.” Abavandimwe biyandikiye igitabo cyarimo amabwiriza yo kuvugira mu ruhame bashyiramo na disikuru zitandukanye kugira ngo bafashe abifuzaga kugira amajyambere. Icyakora, nyuma y’igihe ayo Mashuri y’Abahanuzi yarahagaze. Kugira ngo bite ku byari bikenewe icyo gihe, bibanze cyane ku gutoza buri wese mu bagize itorero kugira ngo yifatanye mu buryo bwuzuye mu murimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu.

Ese byari gushoboka ko batoza buri wese mu bagize uwo muryango mpuzamahanga wakomezaga kwaguka, atari ukugira ngo ashobore gutanga ubuhamya bugufi n’ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya gusa, ahubwo ashobore no kuvuga adategwa kandi abe umwigisha w’Ijambo ry’Imana? Iyo ni yo yari intego y’ishuri ryihariye ryatangijwe mu matorero yose y’Abahamya ba Yehova guhera mu mwaka wa 1943. Ryari risanzwe ribera ku cyicaro gikuru cy’Abahamya ba Yehova guhera muri Gashyantare 1942. Buri cyumweru hatangwaga inyigisho, kandi abanyeshuri batangaga za disikuru bakanagirwa inama. Mu mizo ya mbere, abagabo ni bo bonyine batangaga disikuru muri iryo shuri, nubwo abagize itorero bose baterwaga inkunga yo kurizamo, bagategura amasomo kandi bakifatanya mu isubiramo. Mu mwaka wa 1959, bashiki bacu na bo bemerewe kuryiyandikishamo, bagatozwa kuganira ku ngingo zo muri Bibiliya mu buryo bw’umubwiriza uganira na nyir’inzu.

Ku birebana n’ibyo iryo shuri ryagezeho, ibiro by’ishami byo muri Afurika y’Epfo byatanze raporo igira iti “iyi gahunda nziza cyane yafashije abavandimwe benshi batekerezaga ko batari kuzigera bashobora kuvugira mu ruhame, maze mu gihe gito bamenya gutanga disikuru neza kuri platifomu kandi barushaho gukora neza umurimo wo kubwiriza. Mu duce twose two muri Afurika y’Epfo, abavandimwe bakiriye neza iyo gahunda nshya Yehova yabateganyirije, kandi bayishyize mu bikorwa bashishikaye. Ibyo byose byagezweho nubwo hari inzitizi zikomeye z’ururimi kandi bamwe bakaba batarize.”

Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi rikomeje kuba iteraniro ry’ingirakamaro mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova. Abantu babishoboye hafi ya bose bariyandikisha. Abato n’abakuru, Abahamya bashya ndetse n’abamaze igihe baryifatanyamo. Ni porogaramu yo kwigisha ihoraho.

Abantu bose baratumirwa ngo baze barebe kandi bumve

Abahamya ba Yehova si umuryango ukorera mu ibanga. Imyizerere yabo ishingiye kuri Bibiliya isobanurwa mu buryo burambuye mu bitabo bishobora kugera kuri buri wese. Byongeye kandi, bashyiraho imihati yihariye bagatumira abantu bose mu materaniro kugira ngo birebere ibihakorerwa kandi bumve ibihavugirwa.

Yesu Kristo ubwe yahaye abigishwa be amabwiriza, ariko nanone yabwirizaga mu ruhame, ku nkombe, ku misozi, mu masinagogi no mu rusengero i Yerusalemu, aho imbaga y’abantu yashoboraga kumva (Mat 5:1, 2; 13:1-9; Yoh 18:20). Abigishwa ba Bibiliya biganye ubwo buryo maze mu myaka ya 1870 batangiza gahunda y’amateraniro yatumirwagamo incuti n’abaturanyi n’abandi bose bashoboraga gushimishwa no kumva disikuru ivuga ibyerekeye umugambi Imana ifitiye abantu.

Hashyirwagaho imihati yihariye kugira ngo izo disikuru zibere ahantu hanogeye abantu. Iyo gahunda na yo yafatwaga nk’ibikorwa by’ishuri. Mu mwaka wa 1911, amatorero yari afite abantu bahagije bashobora gutanga disikuru, yatewe inkunga yo kujya ateganya bamwe muri bo bakajya mu migi no mu midugudu baturanye bagakorera amateraniro mu mazu mberabyombi yaho. Iyo byabaga bishoboka, batangaga disikuru esheshatu. Iyo disikuru ya nyuma yabaga irangiye, uwayitanze yabazaga abateranye niba harimo abashimishijwe cyane no kwiga Bibiliya ku buryo bazajya baza mu materaniro buri gihe. Mu mwaka wa mbere, hatanzwe disikuru zisaga 3.000.

Nanone guhera mu mwaka wa 1914, abavandimwe berekanaga filimi yavugaga iby’irema (Photo-Drame de la création), kandi kwinjira byari ubuntu. Kuva icyo gihe, bagiye berekana izindi filimi n’amashusho. Guhera mu myaka ya 1920, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wakoresheje radiyo cyane bituma abantu bumva disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya bari mu ngo zabo. Mu myaka ya 1930, disikuru za J. F. Rutherford zafashwe amajwi, bakajya bazumvisha abantu benshi mu materaniro abarirwa mu bihumbi.

Mu mwaka wa 1945, hari hamaze kuboneka abavandimwe benshi batangaga disikuru batorejwe mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi. Muri Mutarama muri uwo mwaka, hatangijwe gahunda y’amateraniro y’abantu bose ateguwe neza. Umuryango wa Watch Tower Society watanze inyandiko za disikuru umunani zari zihuje n’imimerere yariho. Bakoreshaga impapuro zitumira, rimwe na rimwe bagakoresha ibyapa bamamaza izo disikuru. Abavandimwe bakoreshaga ahantu amateraniro y’itorero yari asanzwe abera, ariko nanone bakoraga ibishoboka byose bagakorera amateraniro mu mafasi atarabagamo amatorero. Abagize itorero bose bashoboraga kwifatanya muri izo gahunda, bakamamaza amateraniro, bakayashyigikira bayajyamo kandi bagaha ikaze abashya, bagasubiza n’ibibazo babajije. Mu mwaka wa mbere iyo gahunda yihariye itangiye, muri Amerika habaye amateraniro y’abantu bose agera ku 18.646, haterana abantu 917.352. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, umubare w’amateraniro y’abantu bose muri Amerika wariyongereye agera ku 28.703. Muri Kanada habaye amateraniro y’abantu bose 2.552 mu mwaka wa 1945, mu mwaka wakurikiyeho haba amateraniro 4.645.

Ubu mu matorero menshi y’Abahamya ba Yehova, amateraniro y’Abantu bose aba ari kuri gahunda ihoraho y’amateraniro ya buri cyumweru. Muri ayo materaniro hatangwa disikuru, buri wese agaterwa inkunga yo kureba imirongo y’Ibyanditswe muri Bibiliya mu gihe isomwa kandi igasobanurwa. Amatorero ndetse n’abashya, babonera muri ayo materaniro inyigisho zikungahaye zo mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Abantu baza mu materaniro y’Abahamya ba Yehova bwa mbere, incuro nyinshi batangazwa n’ibintu byiza babona. Umunyapolitiki ukomeye wo muri Zimbabwe yagiye ku Nzu y’Ubwami kureba ibyahaberaga. Yari umuntu ukunda urugomo, kandi yagiye mu materaniro atogoshe ubwanwa atanashokoje, kandi yabikoze yabigambiriye. Yari yiteze ko Abahamya bari kumwiruka. Aho kumwirukana bamwitayeho babikuye ku mutima kandi bamutera inkunga yo kujya yigira Bibiliya iwe mu rugo. Ubu ni Umuhamya w’Umukristo w’umunyamahoro kandi wicisha bugufi.

Hari abantu babariwa muri za miriyoni bagiye mu materaniro y’Abahamya ba Yehova bumva bahatiwe kuvuga bati “ni ukuri koko, Imana iri muri mwe.”—1 Kor 14:25.

Ahantu hakwiriye ho guteranira

Mu gihe cy’intumwa za Yesu Kristo, akenshi Abakristo bateraniraga mu ngo. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, bashoboraga kwigishiriza mu masinagogi y’Abayahudi. Igihe intumwa Pawulo yari muri Efeso, yamaze imyaka ibiri atanga disikuru mu cyumba cy’ishuri (Ibyak 19:8-10; 1 Kor 16:19; File 1, 2). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bateraniraga mu ngo za bagenzi babo, rimwe na rimwe bakajya kwigishiriza mu nsengero z’amadini, n’andi mazu bakodeshaga. Nyuma yaho baguraga amazu yahoze akoreshwa n’andi madini bakajya bayagiriramo amateraniro buri gihe, nubwo ibyo bitabayeho kenshi. Uko ni ko byagenze ku mazu y’i Brooklyn n’i Londres yitwaga Ihema ry’ibonaniro.

Ariko ntibabaga bakeneye kurimbisha amazu bagiriragamo amateraniro kandi ntibanabyifuzaga. Amatorero make yaguze amazu arayavugurura; andi matorero yiyubakiye amazu mashya. Nyuma y’umwaka wa 1935, ahantu amatorero yateraniraga hatangiye kwitwa Inzu y’Ubwami. Ubusanzwe ayo mazu aba ari amazu meza ariko nanone adahambaye. Uburyo yubatse bushobora gutandukana bitewe n’aho aherereye, ariko intego y’ayo mazu ni iyo kugira ngo aberemo amateraniro.

Porogaramu imwe y’inyigisho

Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z’icya 20, imikurire yo mu buryo bw’umwuka y’amatorero n’ibikorwa byayo byari bitandukanye cyane. Yari afite imyizerere y’ibanze ahuriyeho yayatandukanyaga n’andi madini yiyita aya gikristo. Ariko nubwo abavandimwe bamwe bishimiraga cyane uburyo Yehova yakoreshaga agaburira ubwoko bwe, hari abandi bayobywaga mu buryo bworoshye n’abantu bari bafite ibitekerezo bakomeyeho.

Mbere y’uko Yesu apfa yasenze asaba ko abigishwa be ‘bose baba umwe,’ bakunga ubumwe n’Imana na Kristo ndetse na bagenzi babo (Yoh 17:20, 21). Ubwo bumwe ntibari kubuhatirwa. Bwari kugerwaho biturutse kuri porogaramu imwe y’inyigisho zari gukora ku mutima abantu bazakiriye neza. Mbese ni nk’uko byari byarahanuwe kera ngo “abana bawe bose bazaba abigishijwe na Yehova, kandi bazagira amahoro menshi” (Yes 54:13). Kugira ngo twishimire ayo mahoro mu rugero rwuzuye, twese tugomba gushaka uko twakungukirwa n’inyigisho Yehova akomeza kutugezaho azinyujije ku muryango we ugaragara.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bamaze imyaka myinshi bakoresha imibumbe y’igitabo cyasobanuraga Ibyanditswe (Études des Écritures) na Bibiliya mu biganiro byabo. Byari birimo “ibyokurya” byo mu buryo bw’umwuka “mu gihe gikwiriye” rwose (Mat 24:45). Ariko abagaragu ba Yehova bakomeje gusuzuma Ibyanditswe bayobowe n’umwuka w’Imana, basobanukirwa ko bari bagifite byinshi bagomba kwiga kandi ko bari bagifite imyanda myinshi yo mu buryo bw’umwuka bagombaga kwiyezaho (Mal 3:1-3; Yes 6:1-8). Byongeye kandi, Ubwami bumaze gushyirwaho mu mwaka wa 1914, hari ubuhanuzi bwinshi bwasohoye bwikurikiranya cyane, kandi bwagaragazaga ko hari umurimo wihutirwa Abakristo b’ukuri bose bagombaga gukora. Ibyo bisobanuro bihuje n’igihe byakomezaga gutangwa mu Munara w’Umurinzi.

Intumwa z’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society zasuraga amatorero zimaze kubona ko abagize amatorero bose atari ko bungukirwaga n’izo ngingo, bamwe muri izo ntumwa bagiriye icyicaro gikuru inama y’uko amatorero yose yazajya yiga Umunara w’Umurinzi mu materaniro ya buri cyumweru. Amatorero na yo yagiriwe iyo nama, maze guhera ku nomero yo ku itariki ya 15 Gicurasi 1922, amagazeti yose akajya asohoka arimo “Ibibazo by’i Beroya” byakoreshwaga mu kwiga ingingo z’ingenzi z’Umunara w’Umurinzi. Amatorero menshi yagiraga icyo cyigisho incuro imwe cyangwa nyinshi mu cyumweru, ariko igihe bamaraga biga ibyari mu igazeti cyabaga gitandukanye cyane. Hamwe na hamwe, icyo cyigisho cyamaraga amasaha abiri cyangwa arenga bitewe n’uko uwayoboye yabaga yavuze ibintu byinshi.

Icyakora mu myaka ya 1930, gahunda ya gitewokarasi yasimbuye imikorere ya demokarasi. Ibyo byahinduye cyane uko babonaga icyigisho cy’Umunara w’Umurinzi.g Bibandaga cyane ku gusobanukirwa ingingo zigwaga zateguwe n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Abakoreshaga amateraniro bagamije gucengeza ibitekerezo byabo bwite kandi bakanga gusohoza inshingano yo kubwiriza, bagiye bavamo buhoro buhoro. Abavandimwe bakomeje guhabwa ubufasha burangwa no kwihangana, amaherezo bitoza kujya bayobora icyigisho mu isaha imwe. Ibyo byatumye abantu bacyifatanyamo ari benshi, n’amateraniro arushaho kugira ireme. Nanone umwuka w’ubumwe wimakajwe mu matorero, ukaba wari ushingiye kuri gahunda imwe yo kugaburirwa mu buryo bw’umwuka, Ijambo ry’Imana rikaba ari ryo ryagenaga ukuri.

Mu mwaka wa 1938, Umunara w’Umurinzi watangiye gusohoka mu ndimi zigera kuri 20. Ibintu byose byabanzaga gusohoka mu cyongereza. Ubusanzwe, wamaraga amezi menshi utaraboneka mu zindi ndimi, rimwe na rimwe ukamara umwaka, bitewe n’uko kuwuhindura no kuwucapa byafataga igihe. Icyakora uburyo bwo gucapa bumaze guhinduka mu myaka ya 1980, Umunara w’Umurinzi watangiye kujya usohokera icyarimwe mu ndimi nyinshi. Mu mwaka wa 1992, amatorero yakoreshaga rumwe mu ndimi 66, yashoboraga kwigira rimwe igice kimwe. Bityo, Abahamya ba Yehova benshi bo hirya no hino ku isi baryaga ibyokurya bimwe byo mu buryo bw’umwuka buri cyumweru. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru na Amerika y’Epfo hose, mu bihugu hafi ya byose by’i Burayi, mu bihugu bimwe by’i Burasirazuba, mu duce twinshi two muri Afurika no mu birwa byinshi byo hirya no hino ku isi, abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bishimiraga gahunda yo kugaburirwa ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka bimwe icyarimwe. Bose bari ‘bunze ubumwe rwose mu bitekerezo kandi bafite imyumvire imwe.’—1 Kor 1:10.

Umubare w’abaza mu materaniro y’itorero, ugaragaza ko Abahamya ba Yehova bafatana uburemere amateraniro yabo. Mu mwaka wa 1989, mu Butaliyani hari Abahamya bagera ku 172.000, kandi abazaga mu materaniro yaberaga mu Nzu y’Ubwami buri cyumweru bari 220.458. Nyamara ibiro ntaramakuru bya Kiliziya Gatolika bivuga ko 80 ku ijana by’Abataliyani bavuga ko ari Abagatolika, ariko abagera kuri 30 ku ijana bonyine ni bo bagerageza kujya mu misa buri gihe. Ibyo kandi ni na ko bimeze muri Burezili. Mu mwaka wa 1989, Kiliziya y’igihugu muri Danimarike yavuze ko 89,7 ku ijana by’abaturage bari abayoboke bayo, nyamara 2 ku ijana bonyine ni bo bajyaga mu misa rimwe mu cyumweru! Ariko 94,7 ku ijana by’Abahamya ba Yehova bari muri Danimarike icyo gihe, bose bajyaga mu materaniro ya buri cyumweru. Naho mu Budage, iperereza ryakozwe mu wa 1989 n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi (Allensbach Opinion Research Institute) ryagaragaje ko 5 ku ijana by’Abaluteriyani na 25 ku ijana by’Abagatolika ari bo bajya mu misa buri gihe. Icyakora umubare w’abantu bajya mu materaniro abera mu Mazu y’Ubwami y’Abahamya ba Yehova warutaga cyane uw’Abahamya.

Incuro nyinshi abaza mu materaniro baba bashyizeho imihati myinshi. Mu myaka ya 1980, hari umukecuru w’imyaka 70 wo muri Kenya wakoraga urugendo rw’ibirometero icumi buri cyumweru, akambuka umugezi avogera kugira ngo ajye mu materaniro. Umuhamya wa Yehova w’Umunyakoreya uba muri Amerika, buri gihe yakoraga urugendo rw’amasaha atatu, akagenda muri bisi, gari ya moshi n’ubwato, ahandi akahagenda n’amaguru kugira ngo agere aho amateraniro yo mu rurimi rwe yaberaga. Muri Suriname, hari umuryango udafite amikoro ahagije wakoreshaga amafaranga angana n’umushahara w’umunsi umwe buri cyumweru kugira ngo batege bisi bajye mu materaniro. Muri Arijantine, hari umuryango wakoraga urugendo rw’ibirometero 50 buri gihe bagiye mu materaniro bigiragamo Bibiliya, kandi bagakoresha kimwe cya kane cy’amafaranga binjizaga. Iyo hari abantu barembye ku buryo badashobora kujya mu materaniro y’itorero, akenshi babashyiriraho gahunda yo kuyakurikirana kuri telefoni cyangwa bakabumvisha porogaramu zayo zafashwe amajwi.

Abahamya ba Yehova bafatana uburemere inama Bibiliya ibagira yo kutirengagiza guteranira hamwe kugira ngo bubakane mu buryo bw’umwuka (Heb 10:24, 25). Ntibajya mu materaniro abera mu matorero yabo gusa, ahubwo nanone bajya mu makoraniro yabo aba buri mwaka.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 237]

Amateraniro abateranye bifatanyamo

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 238]

Si ibiganiro by’ubwenge gusa, ahubwo bikora ku mutima

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 246]

Abagize umuryango bose baterwaga inkunga yo kujyana mu materaniro

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 252]

Porogaramu imwe yo gutanga ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 253]

Abahamya bafatana uburemere amateraniro yabo

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 239]

Amatorero ya mbere

Mu mwaka wa 1916, ku isi hose hari amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya agera ku 1.200

I Durban muri Afurika y’Epfo mu wa 1915 (hejuru iburyo); Guyana mu wa 1915 (hagati iburyo); i Trondheim muri Noruveje mu wa 1915 (hasi iburyo); i Hamilton, Ont. muri Kanada mu wa 1912 (hasi); i Ceylon (muri Siri Lanka) mu wa 1915 (hasi ibumoso); mu Buhindi mu wa 1915 (hejuru ibumoso)

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 240 n’iya 241]

Gusingiza Yehova mu ndirimbo

Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe bakoresha indirimbo mu gusenga nk’uko Abisirayeli ba kera ndetse na Yesu babigenzaga (Neh 12:46; Mar 14:26). Iyo baririmba basingiza Yehova kandi bakishimira ibyo yakoze, bituma ukuri kwa Bibiliya gucengera mu bwenge bwabo no mu mitima yabo.

Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi Abahamya ba Yehova bagiye bakoresha ibitabo byinshi by’indirimbo. Amagambo yazo yagiye ahuzwa n’igihe bitewe n’uko bagendaga basobanukirwa Ijambo ry’Imana.

1879: “Indirimbo z’umugeni”

(Indirimbo 144 zigaragaza ibyifuzo n’ibyiringiro by’umugeni wa Kristo)

1890: “Ibisigo n’indirimbo by’umuseke w’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi”

(Ibisigo 151 n’indirimbo 333 zasohotse nta muzika. Ibyinshi muri byo byari byaranditswe n’abanditsi bazwi cyane)

1896: “Umunara w’Umurinzi” wo ku itariki ya 1 Gashyantare warimo indirimbo zo mu gitabo “Indirimbo zishimishije za Siyoni za mu gitondo”

(Amagambo y’indirimbo 11 zifite umuzika; amagambo yari yaranditswe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya)

1900: “Indirimbo zishimishije za Siyoni”

(indirimbo 82, inyinshi muri zo zari zaranditswe n’umwe mu Bigishwa ba Bibiliya ziyongera ku zo bari basanganywe)

1905: “Indirimbo z’umuseke w’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi”

(Indirimbo 333 zari zarasohotse mu wa 1890, ariko noneho zari zifite muzika)

1925: “Indirimbo z’Ubwami”

(Indirimbo 80 zifite muzika, zigenewe cyane cyane abana)

1928: “Indirimbo zisingiza Yehova”

(Indirimbo 337, zarimo indirimbo nshya zanditswe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya n’iza kera. Hashyizweho imihati yihariye kugira ngo hatagira ibitekerezo by’idini ry’ikinyoma no gusenga ibyaremwe biboneka mu magambo yazo)

1944: “Igitabo cy’indirimbo z’Ubwami”

(Indirimbo 62. Zari zihuje n’ibyari bikenewe mu murimo w’Ubwami icyo gihe. Ntibigeze bagaragaza abazihimbye)

1950: “Indirimbo zo gusingiza Yehova”

(Indirimbo 91. Iki gitabo cyarimo indirimbo zavugaga ku ngingo zihuje n’igihe kandi nticyakoreshaga imvugo ya kera. Cyahinduwe mu ndimi 18)

1966: “Muririmbe kandi mucurange mu mitima yanyu”

(Indirimbo 119 zivuga ku mibereho yose ya gikristo na gahunda yo kuyoboka Imana. Umuzika wose batekerezaga ko wakomokaga mu isi cyangwa mu madini y’ikinyoma wakuwemo. Indirimbo zose zo muri icyo gitabo zafashwe amajwi zikajya zikoreshwa mu materaniro, abagize itorero bakaririmba bajyana na zo. Hari na zimwe zaririmbwe zifatwa amajwi. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1980, hari indirimbo z’Ubwami zacurangwaga n’umutwe w’abaririmbyi zigafatwa amajwi [“Mélodies du Royaume”] kugira ngo abantu bajye bumva uwo muzika utera inkunga bari mu ngo zabo)

1984: “Dusingize Yehova Turirimba”

(Indirimbo z’Ubwami 225 zifite amagambo n’umuzika zahimbwe n’abagaragu ba Yehova bamwiyeguriye bo hirya no hino ku isi. Zaracuranzwe zifatwa amajwi kugira ngo abagize itorero bajye baririmba bajyana n’umuzika)

Kuva Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batangira guteranira mu ngo, baririmbaga indirimbo zo gusingiza Yehova. Bidatinze batangiye kujya baririmba no mu makoraniro yabo. Bamwe baririmbaga indirimbo imwe mbere yo gufata amafunguro ya mu gitondo, muri gahunda yabo y’isomo ry’umunsi, hakaba harashize imyaka myinshi ari yo gahunda ikurikizwa n’ababaga mu Nzu ya Bibiliya. Nubwo mu mwaka wa 1938 kuririmba mu materaniro y’itorero byasaga n’ibyahagaze, byongeye gusubukurwa mu mwaka 1944 kandi biracyakomeje guhabwa umwanya w’ingenzi mu materaniro y’itorero no mu makoraniro y’Abahamya ba Yehova.

[Ifoto]

Karl Klein ayoboye umutwe w’abaririmbyi mu ikoraniro mu mwaka wa 1947

[Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 242]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Urwibutso rw’Urupfu rwa Kristo

Abahamya

Abateranye

11.000.000

10.000.000

9.000.000

8.000.000

7.000.000

6.000.000

5.000.000

4.000.000

3.000.000

2.000.000

1.000.000

1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1992

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 243]

Nubwo Harold King yari wenyine muri gereza yo mu Bushinwa, yakomeje kwizihiza Urwibutso

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 244]

Ishuri rya Bibiliya ry’abakiri bato mu Budage mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1930

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 244]

Mu Busuwisi, mu myaka ya 1930 rwagati, urubyiruko rw’Abahamya rwasohoraga aka kanyamakuru (hasi) kandi rugakina darame zishingiye kuri Bibiliya imbere y’abantu benshi (hasi hagati)

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 247]

“Umurimo Wacu w’Ubwami” (witwaga “Bulletin” mu wa 1919-1935, “Director” mu wa 1935-1936 na “Informant” mu wa 1936-1956), usohoka mu ndimi zirenga 100, ukaba uha Abahamya ba Yehova amabwiriza buri gihe kugira ngo bakomeze gutahiriza umugozi umwe mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 248]

Ibyerekanwa bitangirwa mu Iteraniro ry’Umurimo bifasha Abahamya kunonosora uko babwiriza (Suwede)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 249]

Umuhamya ukiri muto muri Kenya yitoza kubwiriza atanga disikuru imbere ya se mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 250]

Mu mwaka wa 1992 ibitabo amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova yakoreshaga yiga Bibiliya byasohokeraga rimwe mu ndimi 66, kandi izindi zakomeje kongerwaho