Kubaka ku Mfatiro za Gipagani

IMWE mu mazu y’urwibutso menshi ahambaye asurwa na ba mukerarugendo i Roma mu Butaliyani, ni iyitwa Panthéon, bisobanura Urusengero rweguriwe imana zose. Iyo nzu nziza cyane kurusha ayandi yose yubatswe mu gihe cy’ubwami bw’Abaroma, ni imwe mu mazu makeya ahanini akimeze nk’uko yari ameze mu bihe bya kera. Iyo nzu yatangiye kubakwa n’Agiripa ahagana mu mwaka wa 27 M.I.C., yaje gusanwa na Hadrien ahagana mu mwaka wa 120 I.C. Ikintu gitangaje kiranga iyo nzu, ni igisenge cyayo kinini cy’uruziga rwa metero 43 z’umurambararo, muri ibi bihe bya vuba hakaba ari bwo gusa hubatswe amazu afite igisenge kikirusha ubunini. Mbere hose, Panthéon yari urusengero rw’abapagani, “ahantu hagenewe imana zose,” nk’uko ijambo ry’Ikigiriki iryo zina ryakomotseho risobanurwa. Muri iki gihe, yahindutse kiliziya ikoreshwa na Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Ni gute ihinduka ritangaje rityo ryashoboye kubaho?

Mu mwaka wa 609 I.C., Papa Boniface IV yatashye bundi bushya urwo rusengero rwari rumaze igihe kirekire rudakoreshwa, ariko noneho arwita kiliziya ya “Gikristo.” Icyo gihe, rwahawe izina rya Kiliziya ya Santa Maria Rotunda (Inzu Yiburungushuye ya Mutagatifu Mariya). Dukurikije ingingo yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1900 mu igazeti y’Abayezuwiti yandikwa mu Gitaliyani yitwa La Civiltà Cattolica, intego yihariye ihereranye n’ikintu Boniface yatekerezaga ko iyo nzu yazakoreshwa, yari iyo “gusingiriza hamwe abantu bose bishwe bazira ibintu bijyanye n’Ubukristo byose, cyangwa se abatagatifu bose, ariko mbere y’ibindi byose, yari iyo gusingiza Umubyeyi w’Isugi w’Imana.” Amazina Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma yahaye Panthéon muri iki gihe​—ari yo Santa Maria ad Martyres cyangwa nanone Santa Maria Rotunda​—agaragaza iyo ntego idahuje n’Ibyanditswe.​—Gereranya n’Ibyakozwe 14:8-15.

Iyo ngingo yakomeje ivuga ko kugira ngo Panthéon ihuze n’umumaro wayo mushya, “hagombaga gukorwa utuntu duke cyane. Boniface yakurikije amategeko yoroheje kandi arangwa no kwihanganira ibintu, yari yarashyizweho na Mutagatifu Grégoire Mukuru [Papa Grégoire I] wari waramubanjirije, akaba yari kabuhariwe n’intangarugero mu bihereranye no guhindura insengero z’abapagani kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gusenga kwa Gikristo.” Ayo mategeko yari ayahe?

Mu ibarwa Grégoire yandikiye umumisiyonari wari ugiye kujya mu gihugu cy’abapagani cy’u Bwongereza, mu mwaka wa 601 I.C., yamuhaye aya mabwiriza agira ati “insengero z’ibigirwamana zo muri icyo gihugu ntizigomba gusenywa; ahubwo ibigirwamana bishobora kuba bizirimo ni byo byonyine bigomba gusenywa . . . Niba izo nsengero zimeze neza, ni ngombwa ko zihindurwa, ntizikomeze gusengerwamo za diyabule, ahubwo zigasengerwamo Imana y’ukuri.” Grégoire yumvaga ko mu gihe abapagani bari kuba babonye ko insengero zabo za mbere zidasenywe, byari gutuma barushaho kwitabira ibyo gukomeza kuzizamo. Papa yanditse avuga ko mu gihe abapagani bari barahoze “babaga amapfizi menshi bayatambira za diyabule,” noneho yifuzaga ko “batakongera gutamba amatungo bayaha diyabule, ahubwo ko bazajya bayabaga kugira ngo na bo ubwabo bagarure ubuyanja, bitume basingiza Imana.”

Nanone kandi, Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma “yaburijemo” ugusenga kwa gipagani, binyuriye mu gushinga kiliziya zeguriwe abatagatifu runaka bazihagarariye b’ “Abakristo,” zikubakwa hafi cyane y’ahabaga hasanzwe insengero z’abapagani. Iminsi mikuru ya gipagani yagumishijweho, maze ihabwa ibisobanuro bya “Gikristo.” Nk’uko ya gazeti yitwa La Civiltà Cattolica yabivuze, “muri iki gihe intiti mu bya Bibiliya zose zizi ko imigenzo n’iminsi mikuru ya kidini imwe n’imwe yakorwaga n’Abakristo ba mbere, yari ifitanye isano ya bugufi n’imihango hamwe n’imigenzereze runaka ya gipagani. Ni imihango abantu babaga bakomeyeho cyane, imigenzo yabaga yarashinze imizi mu buryo bwimbitse kandi yaracengeye mu mibereho y’abantu ba kera muri rusange, n’iya buri wese ku giti cye. Kubera ko nyina w’izindi kiliziya irangwa n’ineza n’ubwenge, ntiyumvaga ko igomba kuvanaho iyo mihango n’imigenzo; ahubwo binyuriye mu kuyiha isura ya Gikristo, ikayiha agaciro gashya n’ubuzima bushya, yayigaruriye ikoresheje ibintu bikomeye ariko nanone bidakanganye, kugira ngo yireherezeho imitima ya rubanda rwa giseseka n’iy’abantu bajijutse, kandi ibyo bikorwe nta muvundo.”

Nta gushidikanya, urugero rumwe ruzwi cyane rw’umunsi mukuru wa gipagani wahinduwe uwa Gikristo, ni urw’umunsi mukuru wa Noheli. Mu by’ukuri, itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, wari umunsi Abaroma ba kera bizihizagaho icyo bitaga dies natalis Solis Invicti, ni ukuvuga “umunsi wo kuvuka kw’izuba ritaneshwa.”

Bityo rero, kubera ko kiliziya yifuzaga kwigarurira imitima y’abapagani, ntiyiziritse ku kuri. Yavuze ko ifite impamvu ziyitera kuvanga imyizerere yayo n’imyizerere hamwe n’imihango ya gipagani “rubanda rwa giseseka rukomeyeho cyane.” Ibyo byatumye habaho kiliziya y’abahakanyi irimo imyizerere ivangitiranye, ihabanye cyane n’inyigisho z’Ubukristo bw’ukuri. Wenda ibyo bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, birerekana ukuntu bidatangaje cyane kubona icyahoze ari urusengero rw’Abaroma rwagenewe “imana zose”​—ni ukuvuga Panthéon​—gihinduka kiliziya ikoreshwa na Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma, yeguriwe Mariya n’ “abatagatifu” bose.

Ariko kandi, byagombye kumvikana neza ko gutaha bundi bushya urusengero cyangwa guhindura izina ry’umunsi mukuru runaka, bidahagije kugira ngo umuntu abe ahinduye rwose uburyo runaka bwari busanzwe ari ubwo ‘gusenga za diyabule, [buhinduke ubwo] gusenga Imana y’ukuri.’ Intumwa Pawulo yarabajije iti ‘mbese urusengero rw’Imana rwahuza rute n’ibishushanyo bisengwa [“ibigirwamana,” NW ]? Muve hagati ya ba bandi, mwitandukanye, ni ko Uwiteka avuga, kandi ntimugakore ku kintu gihumānye; nanjye nzabākīra, kandi nzababera So, namwe muzambere abahungu n’abakobwa; ni ko Uwiteka Ushoborabyose avuga.’​—2 Abakorinto 6:16-18.