Ahandi hatari muri Bibiliya haboneka izina Abisirayeli

MU NZU NDANGAMURAGE y’i Kayiro mu Misiri, hari ibuye ry’urwibutso rw’intambara Farawo Merneptah yatsinze. Intiti zikeka ko uwo muhungu wa 13 wa Ramses wa II yategetse hagati y’umwaka wa 1212 n’uwa 1202 Mbere ya Yesu. Icyo gihe, ubutegetsi bw’abacamanza bo muri Isirayeli ya kera bwari hafi kurangira. Imirongo ibiri ya nyuma yanditse kuri iryo buye ry’urwibutso rw’intambara Merneptah yatsinze igira iti “Kanaani yarasahuwe, Ashikeloni yarafashwe, Gezeri yaraneshejwe, naho Yanowamu (Yano‘am) yahindutse itongo. Isirayeli yahindutse umusaka, urubyaro rwayo rwarashize.”

None se ijambo “Isirayeli” ryakoreshejwe aho rishaka kuvuga iki? Mu nyandiko ya kera yakoreshwaga mu Misiri, amagambo yasimbuzwaga amashusho. Ubwo rero bagendaga bongera utumenyetso kuri ayo mashusho kugira ngo bagaragaze amatsinda ayo magambo arimo. Hari igitabo cyatanze ibisobanuro kigira kiti ‘ku magambo atatu muri ayo ane, ni ukuvuga Ashikeloni, Gezeri na Yanowamu, bashyizeho akamenyetso kagaragaza ko iyo yari imijyi. . . . Ariko ku ijambo “Isirayeli,” bashyizeho akagaragaza ko ari abantu.’​—⁠The Rise of Ancient Israel.

Hanyuma se iyo nyandiko isobanura iki? Hershel Shanks, umwanditsi akaba anasohora ibitabo, yarashubije ati “iryo buye ry’urwibutso rwa Merneptah rigaragaza ko hari abantu bitwaga Abisirayeli bariho mu mwaka wa 1212 Mbere ya Yesu, kandi ko farawo umwami wa Misiri atari abazi gusa, ahubwo ko yanivuze ibigwi avuga ko yabatsinze mu ntambara.” William G. Dever, umwarimu wigisha isomo ry’ibyataburuwe mu matongo yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, yaravuze ati “nta gushidikanya, iryo buye rivuga iby’intambara za Merneptah ryerekana ko hari abantu baba i Kanaani biyita ‘Abisirayeli,’ bigatuma n’Abanyamisiri ari ko babita. Birumvikana rero ko Abanyamisiri batabikuye muri Bibiliya, kandi ntibashoboraga kubihimba bagamije kwirata.”

Izina “Isirayeli” riboneka bwa mbere muri Bibiliya ryerekeza ku izina ryahawe umukurambere Yakobo. Abakomotse ku bahungu 12 ba Yakobo bari bazwi ku izina ry’ “Abisirayeli” (Itangiriro 32:23-29, 33; 35:9, 10). Nyuma y’imyaka runaka, umuhanuzi Mose na Farawo, umwami wa Misiri, bakoresheje izina “Isirayeli” berekeza kuri abo bantu bakomotse kuri Yakobo (Kuva 5:1, 2). Iryo buye ry’urwibutso rw’intambara Merneptah yatsinze ni cyo kintu cya kera cyane kitari Bibiliya kigaragaza ko hari abantu bitwaga “Abisirayeli.”

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 24]

Ibuye ry’urwibutso rwa Merneptah

Egyptian National Museum, Cairo, Egypt/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Ibyo bimenyetso bibanza uko ari bitatu, ni ukuvuga umugabo n’umugore bicaye n’ako gakoni, bisobanura ko Abisirayeli bari abanyamahanga