Abaziteki bo muri iki gihe bahinduka Abakristo b’ukuri

Hari igitabo kivuga iby’umuco w’abasangwabutaka bo muri Megizike cyavuze kiti “insengero zarasenyutse zihinduka umuyonga, ibishushanyo bisengwa birasenywa, ibitabo bitagatifu bikongorwa n’umuriro, ariko ibyo ntibyabujije Abahindi gukomeza kwizera imana z’abakurambere.”​—Las antiguas culturas mexicanas.

ABAZITEKI batuye muri Megizike, bahageze mu kinyejana cya 13 ari itsinda rito ry’abimukira, nyuma baza kuvamo ubwami bukomeye cyane bugereranywa n’ubw’abitwaga Incas bo muri Peru. Nubwo ubwami bw’Abaziteki bwahirimye igihe Abesipanyoli bigaruriraga umurwa mukuru wabo Tenochtitlán mu mwaka wa 1521, ururimi rwabo rwa Nahuatl, rwo ntirwazimye.a Mu ntara zigera kuri 15 zo muri Megizike, haracyari abasangwabutaka bagera kuri miriyoni imwe n’igice bavuga urwo rurimi. Nk’uko umushakashatsi Walter Krickeberg yabivuze, urwo rurimi rwatumye abo muri iki gihe bamenya imwe mu myizerere y’Abaziteki ba kera. Imwe muri iyo myizerere ni iyihe?

Imigenzo itandukanye n’iy’abandi ariko bo babona nta cyo ibatwaye

Umwe mu migenzo yabo uzwi cyane, wari uwo gutamba abantu. Ibyo byaterwaga n’uko bemeraga ko izuba ritagaburiwe umutima w’abantu cyangwa ngo rinywe amaraso yabo, ryashoboraga gupfa. Nk’uko Diego Durán, umunyedini wo muri Esipanye yabivuze, mu mwaka wa 1487, igihe batahaga urusengero rukuru rwo mu mugi wa Tenochtitlán, abantu basaga 80.000 batambwe ho ibitambo mu gihe cy’iminsi ine y’ibirori.

Nubwo Abesipanyoli baterwaga ishozi n’umugenzo wo gutamba abantu, batangajwe no gusanga hari ibindi byinshi imyizerere y’Abaziteki yari ihuriyeho n’iyo muri Kiliziya Gatolika. Urugero, Abaziteki bagiraga umuhango wo gusangira, aho baryaga ibishushanyo by’imana zabo bikozwe mu ifu y’ibigori. Hari n’igihe baryaga inyama z’abatambwe ho ibitambo. Abaziteki bakoreshaga umusaraba, bakicuza ibyaha ku muntu wabigenewe kandi bakabatiza abana. Birashoboka ko ikintu gitangaje iyi myizerere yombi ihuriyeho, ari uko Abaziteki basengaga imanakazi yitwa Tonantzin, “Umubyeyi w’Imana” w’isugi, nanone bitaga “Umubyeyi Wacu.”

Bivugwa ko ku musozi Abaziteki basengeragaho imanakazi yabo Tonantzin, ari ho Umubyeyi w’Isugi w’i Gwadelupe yabonekeye Umuhindi w’Umwaziteki mu mwaka wa 1531, amubonekera yirabura kandi avuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl. Ibyo byatumye Abaziteki benshi bahinduka Abagatolika. Urusengero rwitiriwe uwo mubyeyi w’isugi rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rw’imanakazi Tonantzin. Ku itariki ya 12 Ukuboza, iyo bazilika isurwa n’Abanyamegizike babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana, abenshi muri bo bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl.

Abaturage batuye mu duce twitaruye two mu misozi bavuga urwo rurimi, bagira iminsi mikuru yo kwibuka abatagatifu ishobora kumara iminsi runaka cyangwa ibyumweru. Hari igitabo kivuga ko abasangwabutaka “bafatanyaga iminsi mikuru y’abatagatifu bo muri Kiliziya Gatolika n’imihango yabo gakondo bagenderagaho mbere y’uko Cortés yigarurira ubwami bw’Abaziteki” (The Universe of the Aztecs). Nanone abo baturage bakunda ubupfumu cyane. Iyo barwaye bajya ku bavuzi gakondo bakabakoreraho imihango yo kubeza, bakanabatambira ibitambo by’amatungo. Nanone kandi, abenshi muri bo ntibazi gusoma no kwandika icyesipanyoli cyangwa ururimi rwa Nahuatl. Kubera ko abo baturage bagikomeye ku migenzo yabo gakondo no ku rurimi rwabo kavukire, bakaba ari n’abakene cyane, bituma abandi baturage bo muri icyo gihugu babanena.

Abaziteki bo muri iki gihe bamenya ukuri ko muri Bibiliya

Hashize imyaka myinshi Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Megizike bagerageza kugeza ‘ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami’ ku bantu bose (Matayo 24:14). Mu mwaka wa 2000, ibiro by’ishami by’Abahamya ba Yehova byo muri Megizike byatangije gahunda yo kubwiriza abantu bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl, kandi bakababwiriza mu rurimi rwabo. Batangiye no gushinga amatorero akoresha urwo rurimi kuko wasangaga abenshi bajya guteranira mu matorero akoresha icyesipanyoli. Hahise hashyirwaho itsinda ry’abahinduzi bazajya bahindura ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya mu rurimi rwa Nahuatl. Nanone hashyizweho gahunda yo kwigisha abantu bavuga urwo rurimi kurusoma no kurwandika. Ibyo byaje kugera ku iki? Reka twumve uko babyivugira.

Igihe umugore w’umusangwabutaka yumvaga bwa mbere disikuru ishingiye kuri Bibiliya mu rurimi rwa Nahuatl, yaravuze ati “twari tumaze imyaka icumi tujya mu materaniro, ariko kubera ko ibiganiro byose byabaga biri mu cyesipanyoli, twasohokaga nta cyo twumvise. Ariko ubu ni nk’aho dutangiye ubuzima bushya.” Undi mugabo ufite imyaka mirongo itandatu witwa Juan, yamaze imyaka umunani yiga Bibiliya kandi akajya mu materaniro yo mu cyesipanyoli we n’umugore we n’abana be, ariko batagira amajyambere. Ariko igihe yatangiraga kwiga Bibiliya mu rurimi rwa Nahuatl, mu gihe kitageze no ku mwaka umwe, yahise abatizwa aba Umuhamya wa Yehova.

Nk’uko tumaze kubibona, hari abantu benshi babanje kwiga Bibiliya mu cyesipanyoli ariko ntibashobore gusobanukirwa neza ibyo bigaga. Ariko igihe bajyaga mu materaniro no mu makoraniro kandi bakabona ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya mu rurimi rwabo, barushijeho kumenya icyo mu by’ukuri Bibiliya yigisha kandi basobanukirwa icyo kuba Umukristo bisobanura.

Banesha inzitizi bahuye na zo

Nubwo abantu bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl bamenye ukuri ko muri Bibiliya, ntibyababujije guhura n’inzitizi. Urugero, bahatirwaga kwifatanya mu minsi mikuru y’idini. Mu mugi wa San Agustín Oapan, Abahamya ba Yehova ntibemererwaga kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu. Abayobozi b’uwo mugi batinyaga ko Abahamya bazabuza abantu gutanga amafaranga yo gutegura iyo minsi mikuru. Igihe Umuhamya wa Yehova witwa Florencio yari kumwe n’ababwiriza bo muri ako gace babwiriza, batatu muri bo barafunzwe. Mu minota 20 gusa, hahise hakoranira abantu benshi bazanywe no gufata umwanzuro w’uko bari bubagenze.

Florencio yaravuze ati “bashakaga guhita batwicira aho. Bamwe basabye ko twazirikwa maze tukajugunywa mu mugezi tukarohama. Twaraye mu buroko. Bukeye bwaho, undi Muhamya wari umunyamategeko yazanye n’abandi bavandimwe babiri kutureba. Nabo barafunzwe. Amaherezo, abategetsi baho baradufunguye, maze badutegeka ko tugomba kuva muri uwo mugi.” Nubwo bahuye n’izo ngorane, mu mwaka umwe gusa hari hashinzwe itorero rigizwe n’Abahamya 17 babatijwe, n’abandi bantu 50 baza mu materaniro.

Mu gace ka Coapala hatuye abandi bantu bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl; hari Umuhamya wa Yehova witwa Alberto watumiwe mu munsi mukuru wari wabereye muri ako gace. Yanze kwitabira ubwo butumire, baramufata baramufunga. Inteko y’abakuru bo muri uwo mudugudu yarateranye, bamwe bagasakuza bavuga ko agomba kumanikwa kugira ngo bibere isomo umuntu wese wifuzaga kujya mu idini rye, agatera umugongo imigenzo gakondo. Abandi Bahamya bagerageje kumufunguza, ariko na bo barabafunga. Icyumweru cyo kwizihiza uwo munsi mukuru kirangiye, bose barabafunguye. Kubera ko ibitotezo byarushijeho gukaza umurego, byabaye ngombwa ko twifashisha inzego zo hejuru, abayobozi batanga itegeko, bityo bareka kudutoteza. Igishimishije ni uko umwe mu badutotezaga cyane yemeye kwiga Bibiliya, maze hashize igihe gito arabatizwa. Ubu muri ako gace hari itorero.

Imirima ireze ngo isarurwe

Abahamya benshi bamaze kubona ukuntu abantu bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl bashaka kwiga Bibiliya, batangiye kwiga urwo rurimi. Ariko ntibyari biboroheye na mba. Kubera ko abaturage bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl bagira amasonisoni, ntibakunze kuvuga ururimi rwabo bitewe n’uburyo abantu babafata. Nanone kandi, hari izindi ndimi nyinshi zirushamikiyeho.

Umubwiriza witwa Sonia wishyiriyeho intego yo kumara igihe mu murimo wo kubwiriza, yadusobanuriye impamvu yatumye yiga urwo rurimi. Yaravuze ati “ahantu hareshya n’urugendo rw’amasaha abiri uvuye aho ntuye, hari abimukira bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl bagera ku 6.000 baje gushaka akazi, baba mu tururi turinzwe n’abashinzwe umutekano. Ubona ari abantu badafite kirengera kandi basuzugurwa cyane. Mbabazwa cyane n’imibereho yabo, kubera ko ari bo gicumbi cy’umuco wacu kandi bahoze ari ishyanga ryihagazeho. Twari tumaze imyaka igera kuri 20 yose tubabwiriza mu rurimi rw’icyesipanyoli, ariko kubera ko batarwumva neza ntibabishishikariye cyane. Icyakora maze kumenya amagambo make yo mu rurimi rwabo, byatumye batangira kunyisanzuraho. Baraje barankikiza bantega amatwi. Hari umugore nasabye kunyigisha ururimi rwabo, nanjye nkamwigisha gusoma no kwandika. None ubu abahatuye bose baranzi, kuko bajya bavuga bati dore ‘wa mugore uvuga ururimi rwacu.’ Numva ndi nk’umumisiyonari mu gihugu cyacu.” Ubu, muri ako gace hari itorero rikoresha urwo rurimi.

Hari undi mubwiriza witwa Maricela wishyiriyeho intego yo kumara igihe mu murimo wo kubwiriza, ukora uko ashoboye kose ngo yige ururimi rwa Nahuatl. Yabanje kwigana Bibiliya n’umusaza witwa Félix ufite imyaka 70, bakiga mu cyesipanyoli. Maricela atangiye kumenya amagambo make yo mu rurimi rwa Nahuatl, yatangiye kujya asobanurira uwo musaza muri urwo rurimi ibyo bigaga. Ibyo byagize akamaro cyane. Igihe Félix yamubazaga ati “ese ndamutse nsenze Yehova mu rurimi rwa Nahuatl ashobora kunyumva?” byamukoze ku mutima cyane. Félix yashimishijwe no kumenya ko Yehova yumva indimi zose. Ubu Félix yarabatijwe kandi ajya mu materaniro buri gihe, nubwo bimusaba gukora urugendo rw’isaha n’igice. Maricela yaravuze ati “mbega ukuntu nshimishwa no gukorana n’umumarayika ufite ubutumwa bwiza abwira abantu bose!”​—⁠Ibyahishuwe 14:6, 7.

Birakwiriye rwose ko abantu bavuga ururimi rwa Nahuatl twabagereranya n’ ‘imirima yeze kugira ngo isarurwe’ (Yohana 4:35). Dusenga dusaba ko Yehova Imana yakomeza gutumira abantu bo mu mahanga yose, hakubiyemo n’Abaziteki bo muri iki gihe, kugira ngo baze ku musozi we abigishe.​—⁠Yesaya 2:2, 3.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 13]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

UMUGI WA MEGIZIKE

UMUBARE W’ABAZITEKI BATUYE MURI BURI NTARA

150.000

MUNSI YA 1.000