Ese wari ubizi?

Ese Moridekayi yabayeho?

UMUYAHUDI witwaga Moridekayi, yakoze ibintu bikomeye bivugwa muri Bibiliya mu gitabo cya Esiteri. Yari yarajyanywe mu bunyage, akaba yarakoraga mu nzu y’umwami w’u Buperesi. Icyo gihe hari nyuma gato y’umwaka wa 500 Mbere ya Yesu, “ku ngoma ya Ahasuwerusi.” (Uwo mwami bakunze kumwita Xerxes wa Mbere.) Moridekayi yaburijemo umugambi mubi wo kwica uwo mwami. Uwo mwami na we yaramushimiye, amuhesha icyubahiro imbere y’abantu. Nyuma yaho, Hamani wangaga Moridekayi n’abandi Bayahudi yarapfuye, maze umwami agira Moridekayi minisitiri w’intebe. Ibyo byatumye Moridekayi ashyiraho itegeko ryatumye Abayahudi bose bo mu bwami bw’u Buperesi, badakorerwa jenoside.—Esit 1:1; 2:5, 21-23; 8:1, 2; 9:16.

Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, hari abahanga mu by’amateka bavuze ko ibivugwa mu gitabo cya Esiteri ari ibihimbano, kandi ko Moridekayi atabayeho. Icyakora mu mwaka wa 1941, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko ibyo Bibiliya ivuga kuri Moridekayi, ari ukuri. Ni iki bavumbuye?

Abo bashakashatsi bavumbuye ikibumbano cyari cyanditseho izina ry’umugabo witwaga Marduka (mu Kinyarwanda akaba ari Moridekayi). Uwo mugabo yari afite umwanya ukomeye, bikaba bishoboka ko yari ashinzwe gucunga umutungo mu mugi wa Shushani. Umuhanga mu by’amateka y’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba witwa Arthur Ungnad, yavuze ko igihe icyo kibumbano cyavumburwaga, ari bwo bwa mbere hari habonetse indi nyandiko itari Bibiliya, ivuga kuri Moridekayi.

Kuva uwo muhanga yakwandika ayo magambo, abandi bahanga bagiye bahindura inyandiko nyinshi zo ku tubumbano, twavumbuwe mu Buperesi. Zimwe muri izo nyandiko, zari zanditse ku tubumbano twavumbuwe mu matongo y’umugi wa Persepolis. Batuvumbuye mu matongo y’inzu babikagamo ibintu by’agaciro, yari hafi y’inkuta z’umugi. Utwo tubumbano twari utwo mu gihe cy’Umwami Xerxes wa Mbere. Twari twanditseho inyandiko zo mu rurimi rw’Icyeramu, kandi zirimo amazina amwe n’amwe avugwa mu gitabo cya Esiteri.a

Tumwe muri utwo tubumbano twavumbuwe mu mugi wa Persepolis, twari twanditseho izina ry’umuntu witwaga Marduka, wari umwanditsi wakoreraga mu nzu y’umwami yari i Shushani, mu gihe cy’Umwami Xerxes wa Mbere. Kamwe muri utwo tubumbano, kavugaga ko Marduka yari umuhinduzi. Ibyo rero bihuje n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga kuri Moridekayi. Yari umutware wakoreraga Umwami Ahasuwerusi (Xerxes wa Mbere), kandi yavugaga nibura indimi ebyiri. Buri gihe, Moridekayi yabaga yicaye mu irembo ry’umwami ryari ku nzu umwami yabagamo, yari i Shushani (Esit 2:19, 21; 3:3). Iryo rembo ry’umwami ryabaga ari inzu nini abatware b’ibwami bakoreragamo.

Hari ibintu byinshi Marduka uvugwa kuri utwo tubumbano, ahuriyeho na Moridekayi uvugwa muri Bibiliya. Babayeho mu gihe kimwe n’ahantu hamwe kandi bombi bari abatware bakoreraga ahantu hamwe. Ibyo bintu byose bahuriyeho, bigaragaza ko ibyo abashakashatsi bavumbuye, bishobora kuba byerekeza kuri Moridekayi uvugwa mu gitabo cya Esiteri.