Zvechokwadi Josephus Ndiye Akanyora Mashoko Acho Here?

Mubhuku rake rinonzi Jewish Antiquities XX, munyori wezvakaitika kare anonzi Flavius Josephus anotaura nezverufu rwa“Jakobho munun’una waJesu ainzi Kristu.” Vaongorori vakawanda veBhaibheri vanofunga kuti ndiye akanyora mashoko iwayo. Zvisinei, vamwe vanofunga kuti handiye akanyora mamwe mashoko ari mubhuku iroro nezvaJesu. Mashoko acho, ayo anozivikanwa seTestimonium Flavianum, anoti:

“Zvino panguva iyi, kwaiva naJesu, munhu aiva nouchenjeri, kana zvichibvumidzwa nemutemo kumuti munhu, nokuti aiita mabasa anoshamisa, vanhu vakawanda vainakidzwa nokumuteerera achidzidzisa. Akaita kuti vaJudha vakawanda, uye veMamwe Marudzi vamutevere. Iye [ndiye] aiva Kristu; uye Pirato paakakurudzirwa nevamwe vevarume vakuru vedu, uye amutongera rufu pamuchinjikwa, vaya vaimuda kubvira pakutanga havana kumusiya, nokuti akazozviratidza kwavari avazve mupenyu pazuva rechitatu, sezvainge zvagara zvataurwa nevaprofita vaMwari nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvine gumi rezviuru nezvake; uye vaKristu, vane zita rakabva pane rake, vachiripo nanhasi.”—Josephus—The Complete Works, rakashandurwa naWilliam Whiston.

Kubvira pakupera kwemakore ekuma1500, pave paine kupikisana kusingaiti kwevaya vanoti mashoko aya ndeaJosephus nevanoti haasiye akaanyora. Serge Bardet, munyori wezvakaitika kare wekuFrance uye nyanzvi pakuongorora mabhuku ekare kare, akaedza kupedza kupikisana uku kwave kuchitsviriridza kwemakore 400 apfuura. Akabudisa zvaakatsvakurudza mubhuku rake rinonzi Le Testimonium Flavianum—Examen historique considérations historiographiques.

Josephus ainge asiri muKristu ainyora zvakaitika. Aiva muJudha ainyora zvakaitika kare; saka kupikisana uku kunonyanya kubva pakunzi kwaJesu “ndiye aiva Kristu.” Paakaongorora mashoko acho, Bardet akati mashoko okuti ‘ndiye aiva Kristu’ anoenderana “pane zvose nemanyorerwo aiitwa mazita evanhu muchiGiriki” ayo airatidza kuti vanhu vacho vaizivikanwa. Bardet anowedzerawo kuti pamaonero emuJudha kana kuti emuKristu ‘zvaiita kuti Josephus ashandise shoko rokuti Christos’ uyewo izvozvo ipfungwa inokosha iyo “vanopikisa vave vasina kururama pakusafunga nezvayo.”

Kuti mashoko acho angave akazowedzerwa nomumwewo munhu aitevedzera manyorero aJosephus here? Achitorera pauchapupu hwezvakaitika kare uye mamwe mashoko ari munyaya yacho, Bardet akapa mhedziso yokuti kutevedzera kwakadaro kwaizova chishamiso chaicho. Zvaizoda munhu ‘ane tarenda rokutevedzera risina mukare akamboona,’ kureva kuti, zvaizoda munhu “akanyatsoita saJosephus.”

Saka nei paine kupikisana kwakadaro? Achiratidza chaipo pane dambudziko, Bardet akataura kuti vamwe “havana chokwadi neTestimonium, kusiyana nezvakawanda zvakanyorwa kare, nemhaka chete yokuti pakava nemibvunzo ine chokuita neTestimonium yacho.” Anoenderera mberi achitaura kuti mafungiro iwayo ave aripo kwemazana emakore anobva pakuti vanhu ivavo ‘vakagara vaine zvavasingadi kubvuma’ pane kuti vanyatsoongorora mashoko acho, ayo anonyatsoratidza kuti akanyorwa naJosephus.

Tichaona nokufamba kwenguva kuti ongororo yaBardet ichachinja here maonero anoita vaongorori Testimonium Flavianum. Asi yakatoita kuti imwe nyanzvi yezvechiJudha chakasangana nechiGiriki uye chiKristu chepakutanga, inonzi Pierre Geoltrain, ibvume kuti mashoko aya ndeaJosephus. Murume uyu akagara achifunga kuti Testimonium yakaita zvokuwedzerwa, uye aitonyomba vaya vaiti yakanyorwa naJosephus. Asi akachinja maonero ake. Akagumisa kuti bhuku raBardet ndiro rakaita kuti achinje. Geoltrain akataura kuti “kubvira iye zvino hapana anofanira kutaura kuti Josephus handiye akanyora mashoko aya.”

Asi Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinotova nechikonzero chakakura chokubvuma kuti Jesu ndiye Kristu, chiya chinowanikwa muBhaibheri pacharo.—2 Tim. 3:16.