Vhairasi Inouraya Inorovanya Zaire
YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUAFRICA
KIKWIT, Zaire, itaundi riri kukura zvachero riri pamucheto pesango rinonaya mvura zvikuru renyika dzinopisa zvikurusa. Gaspard Menga Kitambala ane makore 42 okukura, uyo aigara kunze kweguta racho, akanga ari Chapupu chaJehovha bedzi mumhuri yake. Menga akanga ari mutengesi wemarasha. Aigadzira marasha ake mukatikati mesango, kuaunganidza, uye kuatakura pamusoro wake kuenda kuKikwit.
Pana January 6, 1995, akarwara. Akawa kaviri achienda kumba achibva musango. Apo akasvika kumba kwake, akataura kuti akanga achitemwa nomusoro uye akanga ane fivha.
Mukati memazuva mashomanene akatevera, mamiriro ake ezvinhu akaipa. Pana January 12, mhuri yake yakamuendesa kuKikwit General Hospital. Zvapupu zvomuungano yaMenga zvakabetsera mhuri yacho kumutarisira pachipatara. Nenzira inosuruvarisa, mamiriro ake ezvinhu akava akaipa zvikuru. Akavamba kurutsa ropa. Ropa rakabuda nenzira isingadzoreki mumhino dzake nomunzeve. Pana January 15, akafa.
Nokukurumidza vamwe mumhuri yaMenga vakanga vabata muviri wake vakarwara. Pakazosvika kuvamba kwaMarch, vanhu 12 vane ukama hwapedyo zvikuru naMenga vakanga vafa, kubatanidza mudzimai wake navaviri vavana vake vatanhatu.
Pakazosvika pakati paApril, vashandi vechipatara navamwe vakavamba kurwara ndokufa munzira yakafanana neyaMenga nemhuri yake. Nokukurumidza chirwere chacho chakapararira kumamwe mataundi maviri munharaunda yacho. Nenzira yakajeka, betsero yokunze yakanga ichidikanwa.
Purofesa Muyembe, mukuru wenyanzvi dzemavhairasi weZaire, akaenda kuKikwit pana May 1. Akaudza Mukai! gare gare, kuti: “Takagumisa kuti Kikwit yakanga ichitambura nemirakatira miviri: mumwe wakanga uri manyoka akanga achiparirwa neutachiona, uye mumwe wacho wakanga uri fivha inotambudza inobudisa ropa inoparirwa nevhairasi. Chokwadika, taifanira kubvumikisa iyi nzvero. Naizvozvo takatora ropa rakati kubva kuvarwere ndokuritumira kuti rindonzverwa paCenters for Disease Control (CDC) muAtlanta, U.S.A.”
CDC yacho yakabvumikisa izvo Muyembe navamwe vanachiremba muZaire vakanga vatofungidzira. Hosha yacho yakanga iri Ebola.
Hosha Inouraya
Vhairasi yeEbola haidzoreki. Inogona kuuraya nokukurumidza. Hapana mushonga wokurwisana nayo, uye hapana kurapwa kunozivikanwa nokuda kwavanyajambwa vayo.
Ebola yakatanga kuzivikanwa muna 1976. Yapiwa zita rerwizi rwuri muZaire, hosha yacho yakarovanya kumaodzanyemba kweSudan uye nguva pfupi gare gare kuchamhembe kweZaire. Kuitika kuduku kwakaitikazve muna 1979 muSudan. Pashure paikoko, kunze kwezviitiko zvishomanene zvakaparadzana zvevanhu vaifa nezviratidzo zvakafanana nezveEbola, hosha yacho yakanyangarika kwamakore.
Vhairasi yeEbola inouraya zvikuru zvokuti vezvesayenzi vanoifunda muAtlanta vanoita kudaro murabhoritari ine kotsekano yakakwirira yakavakwa ine muitiro wokupinza mhepo uyo unodzivisa utachiona hupi nohupi hunobhururuka kubuda. Vasati vapinda murabhoritari yacho, vezvesayenzi vanopfeka “zvipfeko zvinotsigira upenyu” zvinodzivirira. Vanogeza mukemikoro inouraya utachiona pavanobuda. Mapoka avanachiremba ayo akauya kuKikwit akauya aine zvipfeko zvinodzivirira—magirovhosi anoshandiswa kamwe oraswa neheti dzinodzivirira, magogorosi, uye zvinofukidza chaizvo zvisingabvumiri kupinda kunoitwa nevhairasi yacho.
Mukupesana, vagari vazhinji veKikwit vakanga vasina zvose zviri zviviri ruzivo nezvishandiso zvokuzvidzivirira vamene. Vamwe vachiziva vakaisa upenyu hwavo mungozi kana kuti kurasikirwa nahwo mukutarisira vadiwa vanorwara. Shamwari nemhuri vaitakura vanorwara navakafa kumisana yavo kana kuti pamapfudzi vasina dziviriro chose chose. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri kurasikirwa noupenyu kukuru; vhairasi yacho yakaparadza mhuri dzose.
Kudzora Kuitika Kwacho
Nzanga yenyika dzakawanda yakadavidza kuchikumbiro chorubatsiro cheKikwit nemipiro yemari nezvishandiso zvokurapa. Mapoka avanzveri akabhururuka nendege achipinda kubva kuEurope, South Africa, uye United States. Chinangwa chavo mukuuya chakanga chakapetwa kaviri: kutanga, kubetsera kudzora kuitika kwacho; uye chechipiri, kuwana uko vhairasi yacho yaigara pakati pemirakatira.
Kubetsera kumisa murakatira wacho, vashandi vezvoutano vakaita nzvero yomugwagwa nomugwagwa kuti vawane munhu upi noupi airatidza zviratidzo zvehosha yacho. Vairwara vaiendeswa kuchipatara, uko vaigona kuparadzaniswa ndokutarisirwa zvakakotsekana. Avo vaifa vaiputirwa mumapepa epurasitiki ndokuvigwa nokukurumidza.
Nhimbe huru yakaitwa kugovera mashoko akarurama pamusoro pehosha yacho kuvashandi vokutarisira utano uye kuvanhu vose zvavo. Rutivi rwamashoko acho rwakanyevera zvakasimba pamusoro pemiitiro yokuviga yegamuchidzanwa, umo mhuri dzinobata nokugeza vakafa nenzira yomutambo.
Kutsvaka Manyuko Acho
Vezvesayenzi vakanga vachida kutsvaka uko vhairasi yacho yakabva. Zvatinoziva ndeizvi: Mavhairasi haasi zvinhu zvipenyu, zvinogona kudya, kunwa, uye kuwedzera pachezvazvo. Kuti ararame nokubereka, anofanira kupinda ndokushandisa maumbirwo akaoma kunzwisisa amasero mapenyu.
Apo vhairasi inotapura mhuka, kazhinji kazhinji ukama hwacho ndohwokurarama pamwe chete—mhuka yacho haiurayi vhairasi yacho, uye vhairasi haiurayi mhuka yacho. Asi apo munhu anogunzvana nemhuka yakatapurwa uye vhairasi yacho inopfuura nomunzira yakati kuenda kumunhu, vhairasi yacho ingava inouraya.
Sezvo vhairasi yeEbola inouraya vanhu netsoko nokukurumidza zvikuru, vezvesayenzi vanofungidzira kuti vhairasi yacho inofanira kuva inogara mune chimwe chinhu chipenyu. Kana vakuru vakuru vezvoutano vakawana kuti chinhu chipenyu chorudzii icho chinotakura vhairasi yacho, ipapo vangava vanokwanisa kudzora zvinobudirira nokuita matanho okudzivirira kuti vadzivise kuitika kwomunguva yemberi. Mubvunzo usina kupindurwa pamusoro peEbola ndeuyu, Vhairasi yacho inogara kupi pakati pemirakatira yavanhu?
Kuti vapindure mubvunzo wacho, vanzveri vanofanira kuronda vhairasi yacho kusvika kumanyuko ayo. Nhamburiko dzokuwana mhuka yacho inochengeta utachiona pashure pokuitika kwakapfuura dzakabvumikisa kuva dzisingabudiriri. Asi murakatira weKikwit wakagovera mukana mutsva.
Vezvesayenzi vakafungidzira kuti nyajambwa wokutanga wemurakatira weKikwit akanga ari Gaspard Menga. Asi akatapurwa sei? Kana kwakanga kuri kupfurikidza nemhuka yakati, rudzii rwemhuka rwayakanga iri? Nenzira ine mufungo, mhinduro yacho ingagona kuwanwa musango umo Menga aishanda. Mapoka okuunganidza akateya misungo 350 munzvimbo umo Menga aishanda kugadzira marasha ake. Akabata zvinon’en’ena, midhende, matatya, madzvinyu, nyoka, umhutu, nhunzi dzinosveta ropa, zvikwekwe, tsikidzi, inda, machigger, uye nhata—hwerengedzo yemhuka duku dzine 2 200 uye twumbuyu 15 000. Vezvesayenzi, vakapfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira, vakauraya mhuka dzacho negasi rinotindivadza. Ipapo vakatumira mativi enyama yacho kuUnited States, uko aigona kunzverwa nokuda kwevhairasi yacho.
Sezvo nzvimbo dzokuhwanda dzinobvira dzevhairasi dzichidokuva dzisina kuganhurirwa, hapana chokwadi chokuti manyuko acho achawanwa. Dr. C. J. Peters, uyo anotungamirira bazu reutachiona chaihwo reCDC yacho, akati: “Handifungi kuti bviro yokuwana kwedu munochengetwa vhairasi yeEbola inopfuura 50 muzana.”
Murakatira Wacho Unonyangarika
Pana August 25, murakatira wacho wakaziviswa nenzira yapamutemo kuva wakanga wapera, sezvo kwakanga kusina varwere vatsva kwamazuva 42, ayo anopeta kaviri nhambo yakakwirira yepakati pokutapurwa nokuoneka kwehosha. Neiko hosha yacho isina kupararira zvikuru? Chimwe chisakiso chakanga chiri nhamburiko dzezvokurapa dzenyika dzakawanda dzakaitwa kudzora murakatira wacho. Chimwe chisakiso icho chakapfupikisa murakatira wacho hwakanga huri ukombi hwehosha yacho imene. Nemhaka yokuti yaioneka ndokuuraya nokukurumidza zvikuru uye yaipfuudzwa bedzi nokusanogunzvana, haina kupararira kuvanhu vakawanda zvikuru.
Zvinyorwa zvapamutemo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu 315 vakabata hosha yacho uye 244 vavo vakafa—mwero wokufa we77 muzana. Ebola haiko panguva ino. Munyika itsva yaJehovha, haizonzwiki nokusingaperi. (Ona Isaya 33:24.) Munguvayi, vanhu vanoshamisika, ‘Ebola ichaonekazve kuti iurayezve here?’ Zvimwe. Asi hapana anoziva kuti kupi kana kuti rini.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 29]
Murakatira Wacho Muukama Nezvimwe
Ebola inouraya, bva tyisidziro huru zvikuru kuvekuAfrica inoparirwa nehosha dzakatanhamara zvishoma. Mukati mokuitika kwacho, dzimwe hosha dzakauraya chinyararire. Kwakashumwa kuti makiromita mashomanene kumabvazuva kweKikwit, vanhu 250 vakarovanywa nguva pfupi yapfuura neporiyo. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, marudzi maduku anouraya ekorera akaparadzanya Mali. Kumaodzanyemba, muAngola, vanhu 30 000 vakarovanywa nehosha yokurara. Mhiri kwenzvimbo yakafara yeWest Africa, zviuru zvakafa mumurakatira wemeningitis. The New York Times, yakati: “Nokuda kwevekuAfrica, mubvunzo unotambudza unovapo nei pasina nokumwe kwokusangana kwezuva nezuva [kweAfrica], kunouraya nehosha dzinodzivisika zvikuru kuchidokuva kusingavhiringidzi hana yenyika.”
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]
Vezvesayenzi vanotsvaka manyuko evhairasi inouraya