Kunwa Doro Zvisina Mwero Noutano

“Santé!” “Salute!” “Za vashe zdorovye!” “Chuc suc khoe!” Kungava kuFrance, Italy, Russia, kana kuti kuVietnam, mashoko akafanana neaya anotaurwa neshamwari dzisati dzatanga kunwa doro: “Utano hwakanaka kwamuri!” Asi, zvinotopesana neizvi ndezvokuti mamiriyoni evanhu munyika yose ari kufa nemhaka yokunwa.

KUNWA doro zvisina mwero idambudziko rakaoma kunzwisisa rinosanganisira kunwa kune ngozi, kunwa kunokuvadza, uye kupindwa muropa naro. Kunwa kune ngozi, kunorondedzerwa neWorld Health Organization kuti, “muitiro wokunwa doro unenge uine migumisiro inokuvadza,” muviri, pfungwa, kana kuti nzanga. Kunosanganisira kunwa zvokupfuura mwero unotenderwa nevezvoutano kana kuti nomutemo. Kunwa kunokuvadza, kunonziwo kunwa doro zvisina mwero, kunosanganisira kunwa kunenge kwava kutokuvadza muviri kana kuti pfungwa asi kusati kwaita kuti munhu apindwe muropa nedoro. Kupindwa muropa nedoro kwave kuchirondedzerwa so“kutadza kusiya doro.” Munhu anenge apindwa muropa nedoro anogara achingoda kunwa doro, anoramba achingonwa pasinei nezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nokunwa doro, uye akasarinwa anonetseka.

Pasinei nezera rako, kuti uri murume kana kuti mukadzi here, kana kuti unobva kunyika ipi, unogona kukuvadzwa nokunwa zvine ngozi. Doro rinoitei mumuviri? Kunwisa kunokonzera ngozi dzipi pautano? Idoro rakawanda sei rinonzi harikuvadzi?

Inokuvadza Pfungwa

Ethanol, kemikari inowanika muzvinwiwa zvakawanda zvinodhaka, inokuvadza kana kuti inoparadza tsinga. Kutaura zvazviri, munhu akadhakwa anenge achitonetseka nomuchetura. Munhu akanwa ethanol yakawanda anogona kuva pakoma kana kuti kufa. Somuenzaniso, pavadzidzi vokuJapan, muitiro weikkinomi, kana kuti wokudhudhudza doro pasina kumbotura befu, unouraya vadzidzi vakawanda gore roga roga. Muviri unokwanisa kuchinja ethanol kuti ive chinhu chisingakuvadzi, asi hauiti izvi pakarepo. Kana munhu akanwa doro rakawanda kudarika ringashandiswa nomuviri wake, mumuviri munova neethanol yakawanda uye inotanga kukanganisa pfungwa zvinooneka. Munzira ipi?

Kutaura, kuona, kushanda kwetsandanyama, kufunga, uye maitiro zvose zvakabatana nemakemikari anoshanda nenzira inoshamisa mutsinga dzouropi, kana kuti masero anokosha. Kuvapo kweethanol kunochinja mashandiro ezvinhu izvi, kuchivhiringidza kana kuti kuwedzera basa redzimwe tsinga dzinofambisa mashoko—makemikari anofambisa mashoko mutsinga. Saka kufambiswa kwemashoko muuropi kunochinja, zvotadzisa uropi kushanda zvakanaka. Ndokusaka munhu akanwa zvakanyanya, achindandama pakutaura, achitadza kunyatsoona, achifamba achidzedzereka, uye asingakwanisi kuzvidzora uye achinzwa akasununguka chaizvo—zvose izvi zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa zvokudhakwa.

Kana munhu akanwa doro kwenguva refu, tsinga dzouropi dzinopedzisira dzisisina zvadzinoitwa nechepfu iri muethanol uye dzinongoshanda sokunge hapana chaitika. Izvi zvinoita kuti munhu asadhakwa, kureva kuti uwandu hwedoro hwaimbodhaka munhu hunopedzisira husingachadhaki sezvahwaimboita. Kupindwa muropa nedoro kunoitika uropi pahunenge hwachinja zvikuru zvokuti haushandi zvakanaka kana munhu asina kunwa doro. Muviri unenge wava kungoda doro kuti ushande zvakanaka. Kana munhu wacho akasanwa doro, uropi hwake hunovhiringidzika uye zviratidzo zvokuti haana kunwa zvakadai sokuzvidya mwoyo, kudedera, kana kutoti pfari zvinotanga.

Pane kungochinja uropi, kunwa doro zvisina mwero kungapedza masero kana kuti kuaparadza, kwochinja maumbirwo akaitwa uropi hwacho chaihwo. Kunyange zvazvo uropi huchigona kugadzirisika zvishoma nokurega kunwa, zvimwe hazvigadzirisiki kana hwakuvara. Zviri pachena kuti tsinga dziya dzinofa hadzimbozotsiviwi, zvichitonyanya kukanganisa kuyeuka uye mamwe mashandiro ouropi. Uropi haungokuvadzwi nokunwa doro kwenguva yakareba bedzi. Zvakatsvakurudzwa zvinoratidza kuti kunyange kunwa doro zvisina mwero kwenguva pfupi kunogona kukuvadza.

Chirwere Chechiropa uye Kenza

Chiropa chinoita basa rinokosha kuti zvokudya zvitipe simba, chinorwisa utachiona, chinoita kuti ropa rinyatsoyerera, uye chinobvisa zvinhu zvine chepfu mumuviri kusanganisira doro. Kunwa doro kwenguva yakareba kunokuvadza chiropa munzira nhatu. Kutanga, kuparara kweethanol kunononotsa kugayiwa kwemafuta, zvichiita kuti aungane muchiropa. Izvi zvinonzi steatohepatitis, kana kuti chiropa chine mafuta. Nokufamba kwenguva, panova nechirwere chakadai sehepatitis kana kuti chiropa chinongogara chakazvimba. Kunyange zvazvo doro richigona kukonzera hepatitis zvakananga, zvinoita sokuti rinotadzisa muviri kurwisa chirwere chehepatitis B nechehepatitis C.a Kana kukasaongororwa, kuzvimba kwacho kunogona kuputitsa masero zvokuti anobva afa. Kukuvara uku kunowedzera nokuti doro rinenge rinoita kuti urongwa hwagara huripo mumuviri hwokufa kwemasero hunonzi apoptosis huwedzere.

Chirwere chinozopedzisira chavapo chinonzi cirrhosis. Kuzvimba kwechiropa kwakaipisisa kunoramba kuchingoitika nokuparara kwemasero kunokonzera zvironda zvisingapore. Chiropa chinozopedzisira chaomarara panzvimbo pokuti chirambe chakapfava. Pakupedzisira zvironda zvacho zvinotadzisa ropa kuyerera zvakanaka, zvichiguma zvaita kuti chiropa chirege kunyatsoshanda uye kukonzera rufu.

Doro rinokuvadzawo chiropa zvishoma nezvishoma—rinoita kuti chitadze kuzvidzivirira pazvinhu zvinokonzera kenza. Uyezve pane kungokonzera kenza yechiropa, doro rinowedzerawo zvikuru njodzi yokuvapo kwekenza yomukanwa, yokunobatana huro nemwena yemhino, yedokoriro, uye kenza yegurokuro. Uyezve, doro rinoita kuti tumidzira tune mate turi mumukanwa tukurumidze kupindwa nezvinhu zviri mufodya zvinokonzera kenza, richiwedzera njodzi yokubatwa nechirwere ichi kuvaya vanosvuta. Vakadzi vanonwa doro zuva roga roga vari panjodzi huru yokuva nekenza yezamu. Maererano nokumwe kuongorora, njodzi yacho kune vaya vainwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvitatu kana kupfuura pazuva yaiva 69 muzana kudarika vaya vasinganwi.

Vana Vakadyiswa Chepfu

Mumwe mugumisiro une njodzi wokunwa doro zvisina mwero ndowezvarinoita mwana asati azvarwa. “Doro rinokanganisa chaizvo mwana anenge achikura mudumbu kudarika zvimwe zvinodhaka zvipi nezvipi zvingashandiswa zvisina mwero,” inodaro International Herald Tribune. Kana mukadzi ane pamuviri akanwa doro, mwana wake ari mudumbu anonwawo, uye chepfu iri mudoro inonyanya kukuvadza kasvava kanenge kachiri kukura aka. Doro rinokuvadza zvachose musimboti wetsinga dzinofambisa mashoko. Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu hatuzoumbiki zvakanaka. Masero anourayiwa. Mamwe masero anoguma ava munzvimbo isiri yawo.

Mugumisiro wacho ndewechirwere chinonzi fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) chiri kukonzera kunonoka kukura kwepfungwa dzevana vanenge vachangoberekwa. Matambudziko anosangana nevana vane chirwere chefetal alcohol syndrome anosanganisira kusava nemano, kunetsekana nomutauro, kunonoka kukura mupfungwa nomuzviito, kusava nounhu hwakanaka, kunonoka kukura kwomuviri, unhu husina kudzikama, uye zvirwere zvokunzwa nokuona. Vacheche vakawanda vane chirwere chefetal alcohol syndrome vanoberekwawo vaine chiso chisina kuumbika zvakanaka.

Uyezve, vana vevanaamai vaimbonwa doro kunyange shoma pavaiva nepamuviri vanogona kutambura nemamwe matambudziko, anosanganisira zvinetso zvounhu uye zvokutadza kudzidza. Mumwe Purofesa anonzi Ann Streissguth, ari paUniversity yeWashington anoona nezvezvinoita doro uye zvinodhaka pavana vanenge vachiri mudumbu anoti, “Haufaniri hako kuva chidhakwa kuti ukuvadze mwana wako, unogona kukuvadza mwana wako nokungonwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka paunenge uine pamuviri.” Mumwe mushumo weFrench National Institute of Health and Medical Research Alcool—Effets sur la santé unoti: “Kana mukadzi akanwa doro munguva yaanenge aine pamuviri, izvozvo zvinokuvadza uye hapana doro ringanzi ishoma zvokuti harikuvadzi.” Saka chinhu chokuchenjera chingaitwa nevakadzi vane pamuviri kana vaya vari kuronga kuva nepamuviri ndechokurega kunwa doro zvachose.b

Kunwa Kusingakuvadzi

Njodzi dzoutano dzataurwa pamusoro apa hadzisi idzo dzoga. Muna 2004 imwe nyaya iri mumagazini inonzi Nature yakaratidza kuti “kunyange doro shomanana rinowedzera njodzi yokukuvadzwa uye rinowedzera mikana yokutanga zvimwe zvirwere zvinenge 60.” Tichifunga nezveizvi, kunwa kusingakuvadzi kunosanganisirei? Nhasi mamiriyoni evanhu munyika yose anofarira kunwa zveapo neapo asingazvikuvadzi. Chinhu chinokosha kuti uve noutano hwakanaka ndechokunwa zvine mwero. Asi chii chinombonzi kunwa zvine mwero? Vanhu vakawanda vangafunga kuti manwiro avanoita somunhu oga ndiwo anonzi manwiro ane mwero, zvichida vachifunga kuti chero bedzi vasingadhakwi kana kuti vasingapindwi muropa nedoro, hapana chakaipa. Kunyange zvakadaro, muEurope murume mumwe chete pavarume vana anonwa doro zvokuti rinomukuvadza.

Mabhuku akasiyana-siyana anorondedzera kunwa kune mwero achiti kunwa magiramu 20 edoro pazuva, kana kuti mabhodhoro maviri kana vari varume, uye magiramu 10, kana kuti bhodhoro rimwe chete kana vari vakadzi. Vezvoutano vokuFrance nokuBritain vanoti kunwa “zvine mwero” kunwa mabhodhoro matatu pazuva kana vari varume uye maviri kana vari vakadzi. The U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism rinotiwo “vanhu vane makore 65 uye anodarika vanofanira kunwa bhodhoro rimwe chete pazuva.”c Zvisinei, tose tinoita zvakasiyana kana tanwa doro. Dzimwe nguva kunyange doro shomanana ringave rakatotiwandira. Somuenzaniso, “kunwa zvine mwero kunogona kukuvadza vanhu vane zvirwere zvezvinyamusi uye zvokuzvidya mwoyo,” inodaro 10th Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. Zera, nhoroondo youtano hwedu, uye kukura kwakaita muviri womunhu ndezvimwewo zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo.—Ona bhokisi rinoti “Kuderedza Njodzi Dzacho.”

Zvii zvingabatsira vaya vanonwa doro zvisina mwero? Nyaya inotevera ichapindura mubvunzo uyu.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 5]

MUNHU ANOFANIRA KUMBONWA DORO HERE ASATI ATYAIRA?

Mitemo inorambidza munhu kutyaira anwa doro yakavapo kubvira motokari padzakatanga kuvapo. Denmark ndiyo nyika yakatanga kudzika mutemo uyu muna 1903.

Kana ukanwa usina chawadya, doro rinenge riri mutsinga dzako rinosvika pamwero mukuru wokugona kukudhaka pashure peinenge hafu yeawa. Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda, kunwa kofi, kufema mhepo yakachena, uye kurovedza muviri hazvibatsiri kuti usanyanya kudhakwa. Chinhu bedzi chichaderedza doro mumuviri wako kufamba kwenguva. Usakanganwa zvakare kuti kana ukanwa bhodhoro rewaini, redoro, kana kuti zvimwe zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, uwandu hwealcohol inenge iri mazviri hwakafanana.d

Kunyange doro shomanana rinogona kukukanganisa pakutyaira. Doro rinokanganisa maonero ako. Zvikwangwani zvomumugwagwa zvingaoneka sezviduku. Unenge usisanyatsooni zvinhu zviri kumativi kana wakatarira mberi uyewo kukwanisa kuziva madaro uye kuona zvinhu zviri kure. Uropi hunenge husingachakurumidzi kufambisa mashoko, unenge wava kunonoka kunzwa nokubata uye tsandanyama dzinenge dzisingachanyatsoshandi.

Kana ukapinda mutsaona wanwa doro, ungangokuvara zvakanyanya kudarika kana ukapinda mutsaona usina kunwa doro. Uyezve, mikana yako yokurarama pakuvhiyiwa kupi nokupi kwokukurumidzira kwaungaitwa inoderera nokuti doro rinenge rakanganisa kushanda kwemwoyo wako uye kufamba kweropa rako. Mumwe mushumo weFrench National Institute of Health and Medical Research unoti, “Saka, kusiyana nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, vanowanzofa mutsaona vatyairi vanenge vakadhakwa.” Uchitaura nezvengozi dzacho, mushumo wacho unopa mazano anotevera:

◼ Usanwa wobva watyaira.

◼ Usapinda mumotokari ichatyairwa nomunhu anga achinwa.

◼ Usarega shamwari kana kuti vabereki vachityaira vakadhakwa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mifananidzo]

Zvinwiwa izvi zvine alcohol yakada kuenzana

Bhodhoro rinowanzoshandiswa redoro (Rine mamiririta 330 edoro uye 5% alcohol)

Kagirazi kezvinodhaka (whiskey, gin, vodka) (Kane mamirita 40 ezvinodhaka uye 40% alcohol)

Girazi rewaini (Rine mamiririta 140 ewaini uye 12% alcohol)

Girazi duku reliqueur (Rine mamiririta 70 eliqueur uye 25% alcohol)

[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]

KUPINDWA MUROPA NEDORO—KUNOKONZERWA NEMASERO OKUTODZA HERE?

Vachiedza kurapa vaya vakapindwa muropa nedoro, vezvesayenzi vakatamburira kuti vanzwisise basa rinoitwa nemasero okutodza munhu paanongotanga kupindwa muropa nedoro. Masayendisiti akazoona kuti masero akawanda okutodza anoita sokuti ane zvaanoita pamunhu kana anwa doro. Zvisinei, masero okutodza haasi iwo bedzi anokonzera kupindwa muropa nedoro. Kunyange vamwe vanhu vachiita izvi pamusana pemasero okutodza, vanokwanisa kurega kupindwa muropa nedoro. Zvakapoteredza vanhu uye mararamiro avo zvinobatanidzwawo. Kutadza kwevabereki kurera vana zvakanaka, kunwa doro zvisina mwero kunoitwa nevomumhuri kana kuti shamwari, kukakavadzana, zvinetso zvepfungwa, kuora mwoyo, utsinye, kutsvaka mafaro, kusavhiringidzwa nedoro, kana kupindwa muropa nezvimwewo zvose izvi zvinokonzera kupindwa muropa nedoro. Izvi nezvimwewo zvinhu zvinoita kuti munhu apindwe muropa nedoro.

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

FRANCE:

Ongororo dzinofungidzira kuti uwandu hwevanhu vanonwa doro zvisina mwero hunosvika anenge mamiriyoni mashanu, pauwandu uhwu mamiriyoni ari pakati pemaviri nematatu akapindwa muropa nedoro

NIGERIA:

Maererano nepepanhau romuLagos rinonzi Daily Champion, “vanhu vokuNigeria vanodarika mamiriyoni 15 vakapindwa muropa nedoro”—nhamba iyi inoda kuva 12 muzana yevagari vomunyika yacho

PORTUGAL:

Nyika iyi ndeimwe ine vanhu vakawanda zvikuru vanonwa doro risina zvimwe zvinhu. Pepanhau reLisbon rinonzi Público rinoti 10 muzana yevagari vomunyika iyi vanotambura “nezvirwere zvakakomba zvinokonzerwa nedoro”

UNITED STATES:

Maererano ne10th Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health, “vanhu vokuAmerica vanenge mamiriyoni 14—7,4 muzana yevagari venyika iyi—vakaongororwa vakanzi vanonwa doro zvisina mwero kana kuti vakapindwa muropa naro”

[Bhokisi riri papeji 8]

KUDEREDZA NJODZI DZACHO

Tsanangudzo dzinotevera dzokuderedza njodzi dzakabudiswa neDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Dependence reWorld Health Organization. Kuita zvinoderedza njodzi hazvirevi kuti hapasisina njodzi. Zvinoitika kumunhu mumwe nomumwe kana anwa doro zvinosiyana.

◼ Haufaniri kunwa mabhodhoro anodarika maviri pazuvae

◼ Pavhiki, iva nemazuva kana maviri zvawo ausinganwi

Mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera, kunwa bhodhoro rimwe chete kana maviri kungava nengozi zvikuru:

◼ Kana uchityaira kana kuti uchishandisa muchini

◼ Kana uine pamuviri kana kuti uchiyamwisa

◼ Kana uchirapwa nemimwe mishonga

◼ Kana uine zvimwe zvirwere

◼ Kana usingakwanisi kudzora manwiro ako

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Vakatipa Mashoko]

Kwazvakabva: Brief Intervention for Hazardous and Harmful Drinking

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]

DORO—RAKANAKIRA MWOYO HERE?

Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti makemikari ari muwaini tsvuku anonzi polyphenols anokanganisa kemikari inoita kuti tsinga dzeropa dzidzoke kuva duku.

Uyezve, zvave zvichinzi doro kazhinji kacho ndiro rinoita kuti uwandu hwemafuta anonzi akanaka huwedzere zvikuru. Rinoderedzawo zvinhu zvinogwambisa ropa.

Zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvakanakira doro zvinoita sezvinokonzerwa nokunwa shoma muvhiki yose, pane kunwa rakawanda muusiku humwe chete. Zvinonzi kunwa mabhodhoro anodarika maviri pazuva kunowedzera BP, uye kunwa zvisina mwero kunowedzera njodzi yokurohwa nesitiroko uye kungaita kuti mwoyo uzvimbe nokuita kuti urove zvisiri zvenguva dzose. Kunwa zvisina mwero kunokonzera kuti zvinetso izvi nezvimwe zvinetso zvoutano zvikunde zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvakanakira doro kumwoyo. Kunyange zvazvo doro richigona kubatsira utano hwomunhu—kunwa rakawandisa kunogona kukuvadza utano.

[Dhaigiramu/Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

KUKANGANISWA KWAUNGAITWA NEDORO

Uropi

Kuparara kwemasero, kutadza kuyeuka, kuora mwoyo, kuda zvechisimba

Kutadza kunyatsoona, kutaura, uye kushanda kwetsandanyama

Kenza yepahuro, yomumukanwa, yezamu, yechiropa

Mwoyo

Kushayisa simba tsandanyama, ringangotadzisa mwoyo kushanda

Chiropa

Chine mafuta, chakazvimba, chinozova nemaronda (cirrhosis)

Dzimwe njodzi

Kutadzisa muviri kuzvidzivirira pazvirwere, maronda, kuzvimba kwerwatata

Vane pamuviri

Vangangova nomwana akaremara kana ane pfungwa dzinononoka kukura

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

“Doro rinokanganisa chaizvo mwana anenge achikura mudumbu kudarika zvimwe zvinodhaka zvipi nezvipi zvingashandiswa zvisina mwero”