Zita raMwari Mukati Mamazera
JEHOVHA Mwari anoda kuti munhu azive ndokushandisa zita rake. Ikoku kunooneka muidi rokuti Iye akazivisa zita Rake kuvanhu vaviri vokutanga vamene pasi pano. Tinoziva kuti Adhama naEvha vaiva vakarovedzana nezita raMwari nokuti pashure pokunge Evha asununguka Kaini, mukuwirirana norugwaro rwapakuvamba rwechiHebheru, iye akati: “Ndasununguka munhu kupfurikidza neyamuro yaJehovha.”—Genesi 4:1.
Pashure tinorava kuti vanhu vakatendeka vakadai saEnoki naNoa “vakafamba naMwari wechokwadi.” (Genesi 5:24; 6:9) Ivowo, ipapoka, vanofanira kuve vakaziva zita raMwari. Zitaro rakasara paMafashamo makuru rinomunhu wakarurama Noa nemhuri yake. Pasinei hapo norupandukiro rukuru pane imwe nguva gare gare paBhabheri, vabatiri vechokwadi vaMwari vakapfuurira kushandisa zita rake. Rinowanika kane mazana mumitemo iyo Mwari akapa Israeri. Mubhuku raDheuteronomio roga bedzi, rinowanika kane 551.
Mumazuva avatongi, sezvinooneka vaIsraeri havana kudzivisa kushandisa zita raMwari. Vakatorishandisa mukukwazisana. Tinorava (muchiHebheru chapakuvamba) nezvaBhoazi achikwazisa vakohwi vake, kuti: “Jehovha ngaave nemi.” Vakapindura kukwazisa kwake kupfurikidza nokuti: “Jehovha ngaakukomborerei.”—Rute 2:4.
Munhau yose yavaIsraeri kutozosvikira kunguva iyo vakahwirira kuna Judha pashure poutapwa hwavo muBhabhironi, zita raJehovha rakapfuurira kushandiswa navose. Mambo Dhavhidhi, munhu anodiwa naMwari amene, akashandisa zita raMwari nomutoo mukuru—rinowanika kane mazana mumapisarema aakanyora. (Mabasa 13:22) Zita raMwari rakapinzwawo mumazita mazhinji amene avaIsraeri. Nokudaro tinorava nezvaAdhonija (“She wangu ndiJah”—“Jah” chimiro chokudimurirwa kwaJehovha), Isaya (“Ruponeso rwaJehovha”), Jonatani (“Jehovha Akapa”), Mika (“Ndianiko Akafanana naJah?”) uye Joshua (“Jehovha Ruponeso”).
Kunze kweBhaibheri
Kunewo ufakazi hunobva mumanyuko ari kunze kweBhaibheri okushandiswa kukuru kwezita raMwari munguva dzekare. Muna 1961 bako rekare rokuvigira rakafukunyurwa chinhambo chipfupi nechokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweJerusarema, mukuwirirana nomushumo uri muIsrael Exploration Journal (Volume 13, No. 2). Mumadziro aro makanga mune kunyora kwechiHebheru kunoratidzika kuva kunotangira muhafu yechipiri yezana rechisere P.N.V. Kunyora kwacho kune kutaura kwakadai sokuti “Jehovha ndiye Mwari wapasi rose.”
Muna 1966 mushumo wakabudiswa muIsrael Exploration Journal (Volume 16, No. 1) pamsoro pezvaenga zvehari zvine munyorero wechiHebheru pazviri zvakawanwa muArad, muIsraeri yokumaodzanyemba. Izvozvi zvakanyorwa muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechisere P.N.V. Chimwe chazvo chakanga chiri tsamba iri yoga yaienda kumunhu anonzi Eriashibhi. Tsamba yacho inovamba, ichiti: “Kunashe wangu Eriashibhi: Jehovha ngaakumbire rugare rwenyu.” Uye inoguma ichiti: “Iye anogara muimba yaJehovha.”
Muna 1975 na 1976, vezvoruzivo rwokucherwa kwamatongo vachishanda muNegeb vakafukunura muunganidzwa wokunyora kwechiHebheru nechiPhoenicia pamadziro akadzudzurwa, hari huru dzokuchengetera nemidziyo yamabwe. Kunyorakwo kwaibatanidza shoko rechiHebheru raMwari, uyewo nezita raMwari, YHWH, mumabhii echiHebheru. MuJerusarema imo mumene, pamisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi makawanwa kachidimbu kaduku, kakapetwa kesirivha, sezvinooneka kanovambira pamberi poutapwa hweBhabhironi. Vanzveri vanoti pakakapetenurwa, zita raJehovha muchiHebheru rakawanwa kuva rakanyorwa pakari.—Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 1983, peji 18.
Mumwe muenzaniso wokushandiswa kwezita raMwari unowanwa mudzinonzi tsamba dzeRakishi. Tsamba idzi, dzakanyorwa pazvaenga zvehari, dzakawanwa pakati pamakore a 1935 na 1938 mumatongo eRakishi, guta rinorusvingo rakanga rakatanhamara munhau yaIsraeri. Dzinoratidzika kuve dzakanyorwa nomukuru mukuru wapanhandare yamauto yeJudhea yainyorerwa mukuru mukuru wake, ainzi Jaoshi, paRakishi, sezvinooneka mukati mehondo yapakati paIsraeri neBhabhironi kunenge kumugumo wezana rechinomwe ramakore P.N.V.
Pazvaenga zvisere zvinoravika, zvinomwe zvinovamba shoko razvo nekwaziso yakadai seiyi: “Jehovha ngaasakise ishe wangu kuona uyu mwaka muugwinyi hwakanaka!” Pamwe chete, zita raMwari rinooneka kane 11 mumashoko manomwe, kuchisanoratidzira kuti zita raJehovha rakava nokushandiswa kwezuva riri rose kunenge kumugumo kwezana rechinomwe ramakore P.N.V.
Kunyange vabatiushe vechihedheni vaiziva uye vaishandisa zita raMwari pakutaura nezvaMwari wavaIsraeri. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho, paIbwe reMoabhi, Mambo Mesha weMoabhi anoganza nezvemabasa makuru euto rake mukurwisana naIsraeri uye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, anoti: “Kemoshi akati kwandiri, ‘Enda, tora Nebho kuvaIsraeri!’ Naizvozvo ini ndakaenda pausiku ndokurwisana naro kubvira pakubuda kwoutonga kusvikira masikati, ndichiritora ndichiuraya vose . . . uye ini ndakatora ikoko [midziyo] yaJehovha, ndichiikwevera pamberi paKemoshi.”
Pakureva nezveuku kushandiswa kusati kuri kweBhaibheri kwezita raMwari, Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament (Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament), muVolume 3, mutsetse 538, rinoti: “Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho hufakazi hwamagwaro 19 eTetragrammaton muchimiro chejhwh hunosimbisa kuvimbika kwoR[ugwaro] rweM[asoretic]; zvizhinji zvinogona kukarirwa, kupfuura zvose muArad-Archives.”—Akashandurwa muchiGerman.
Zita raMwari Harina Kukanganwika
Uku kurovedzana nokushandiswa kwezita raMwari kwakapfuurira kusvikira kumazuva aMaraki, uyo akararama anenge makore 400 pamberi penguva yaJesu. Mubhuku reBhaibheri rine zita rake, Maraki anotanhamarisa zvikurusa zita raMwari, achirishandisa pamwe chete kane 48.
Nguva zvayakafambira mberi, vaJudha vazhinji vakazorarama kure nenyika yaIsraeri, uye vamwe havati vaichasitongogonazve kurava Bhaibheri mumutauro wechiHebheru. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, muzana ramakore rechitatu P.N.V., mavambo akaitwa mukushandura rutivi rweBhaibheri rwaivapo panguva iyeyo (“Testamente yeKare”) kuisa muchiGiriki, mutauro mutsva wamarudzi ose. Asika zita raMwari harina kuregeredzwa. Vashanduri vakarichengeta, vachirinyora muchimiro charo chechiHebheru. Makopi ekare eSeptuagint yechiGiriki iyo yakachengetwa kusvikira muzuva redu inopupurira ikoku.
Kunyange zvakadaro, chii chakanga chiri mugariro apo Jesu akafamba pasi pano? Tingagona sei kuziva kana iye navaapostora vake vakashandisa zita raMwari?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]
Mutsamba ino, yakanyorwa pachaenga muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechinomwe P.N.V., zita raMwari rinowanikwa kaviri.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
(Mufananidzo wakaitwa kuti uvepo neDepartment of Antiquities and Museums reIsraeri)
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 13]
Zita raMwari rinowanikwawo muTsamba dzeRakishi napaIbwe reMoabhi