Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 16—Nehemia

Munyori: Nehemia

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Jerusarema

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Pashure pa443 B.C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: 456–pashure pa443 B.C.E.

1. Nehemia aiva nenzvimboi yokuvimbwa, uye chii chakanga chichikosha zvikurusa mundangariro make?

NEHEMIA, ane zita rinoreva kuti “Jah Anonyaradza,” akanga ari mubatiri wechiJudha wamambo wePersia Artashasta (Longimanus). Akanga ari mudiri wamambo. Iyi yakanga iri nzvimbo yechivimbo chikuru norukudzo, iyo yaifanira kushuviwa, nokuti yaisvitsa kuna mambo panguva apo iye akanga achifara uye akagadzirira kupa tendero. Zvisinei, Nehemia akanga ari mumwe wenhapwa dziye dzakatendeka dzaida Jerusarema kupfuura “chisakiso chokufara” chipi nechipi chomunhu oga. (Pis. 137:5, 6, NW) Yakanga isati iri nzvimbo kana kuti pfuma yokunyama yakanga ichikosha zvikurusa mumifungo yaNehemia asi, panzvimbo pezvo, kudzorerwa kwokunamatwa kwaJehovha.

2. Mamiriroi ezvinhu anosuruvarisa akarwadza Nehemia, asi inguvai yakagadzwa yakanga ichiswedera pedyo?

² Muna 456 B.C.E. avo “vakasiyiwa pakutapwa,” vakasarira vechiJudha vakanga vadzokera Jerusarema, vakanga vasiri kubudirira. Vakanga vari mumamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa. (Neh. 1:3) Rusvingo rweguta rwakanga rwava masarasara, uye vanhu vakanga vari ruzvidzo mumeso avavengi vavo vaigarovamo. Nehemia akarwadziwa. Zvisinei, yakanga iri nguva yakagadzwa yaJehovha yokuti chimwe chinhu chiitwe pamusoro porusvingo rweJerusarema. Pasinei zvapo nokuti kuna vavengi here kana kuti hakuna vavengi, Jerusarema norusvingo rwaro rwunodzivirira zvinofanira kuvakwa sechiratidziro chenguva maererano nouporofita uhwo Jehovha akanga apa Dhanieri pamusoro pokuuya kwaMesiya. (Dhan. 9:24-27) Nenzira inowirirana, Jehovha akatungamirira zviitiko, achishandisa Nehemia akatendeka uye anoshingaira kuti aite kuda kwoumwari.

3. (a) Chii chinobvumikisa Nehemia kuva munyori, uye bhuku racho rakasvika sei pakuidzwa kuti Nehemia? (b) Inhamboi inoparadzanisa iri bhuku nebhuku raEzra, uye bhuku raNehemia rinofukidza makore api?

³ Nehemia nenzira isingapanikirwi ndiye munyori webhuku rine zita rake. Kutaura kwokutanga kwokuti, “Mashoko aNehemia mwanakomana waHakaria,” uye kushandiswa kwomunhu wokutanga mukunyora zvinobvumikisa ikoku nenzira yakajeka. (Neh. 1:1) Pakuvamba bhuku raEzra neraNehemia akanga ari bhuku rimwe, rainzi Ezra. Gare gare, vaJudha vakakamura bhuku racho kuva Ezra Wokutanga noWechipiri, uye gare gare zvakare bhuku raEzra Rechipiri rakazova rinozivikanwa saNehemia. Nhambo yamakore anenge 12 iri pakati pezviitiko zvokupedzisira zvaEzra nezviitiko zvokutanga zvaNehemia, ane nhau panguva iyeyo inofukidza nhambo inovambira pakupera kwa456 B.C.E. kusvikira pashure pa443 B.C.E.—1:1; 5:14; 13:6.

4. Bhuku raNehemia rinotsinhirana sei norutivi rwose rwasara rwaMagwaro?

⁴ Bhuku raNehemia rinotsinhirana norutivi rwose rwasara rwoRugwaro rwakafuridzirwa, iro riri rutivi rwaro nenzira yakarurama. Rine nongedzero dzakawanda kuMutemo, richinongedzera kunhau dzakadai semibatanidzwa yeroorano navokumwe (Dheut. 7:3; Neh. 10:30), zvikwereti (Revh. 25:35-38; Dheut. 15:7-11; Neh. 5:2-11), uye Mutambo Wamatumba (Dheut. 31:10-13; Neh. 8:14-18). Uyezve, bhuku racho rinoratidzira mavambo ezadziko youporofita hwaDhanieri hwokuti Jerusarema raizovakwazve asi pasati pari pasina chishoro, “nenguva yokutambudzika.”—Dhan. 9:25.

5. (a) Ufakazi hunobva mumanyuko api hunoratidzira gore rokugara pachigaro choumambo kwaArtashasta sa475 B.C.E.? (b) Musii unoratidzira gore rake rechi20? (c) Mabhuku aNehemia naRuka anobatana sei nezadziko youporofita hwaDhanieri pamusoro paMesiya?

⁵ Zvakadiniko nomusi wa455 B.C.E. nokuda kwerwendo rwaNehemia rwokuenda kuJerusarema kundovakazve rusvingo rweguta? Ufakazi hunovimbika hwenhau hunobva mumanyuko eGirisi, ePersia, uye eBhabhironi hunonongedzera kuna 475 B.C.E. segore rokugara pachigaro choumambo raArtashasta uye 474 B.C.E. segore rake rokutanga rokutonga.a Ikoku kwaizoita gore rake rechi20 455 B.C.E. Nehemia 2:1-8 inoratidzira kuti makanga muri muchirimo chegore irero, mumwedzi wechiJudha waNisani, umo Nehemia, mudiri wamambo, akagamuchira kuna mambo mvumo yokudzokera ndokuvakazve Jerusarema, rusvingo rwaro, uye masuo aro. Uporofita hwaDhanieri hwakataura kuti vhiki 69 dzamakore, kana kuti makore 483, dzaizotambanuka “kubva pakutemwa kwomurayiro wokuvandudza nokuvaka Jerusarema kusvikira kune wakazodzwa, iye muchinda”—uporofita hwakazadzikwa nenzira inoshamisa pakuzodzwa kwaJesu muna 29 C.E., musi ungatsinhiraniswa nedzose dziri mbiri nhau yenyika neyeBhaibheri.b (Dhan. 9:24-27; Ruka 3:1-3, 23) Zvirokwazvo, mabhuku aNehemia naRuka anobatana nenzira inoshamisa nouporofita hwaDhanieri mukuratidza Jehovha Mwari kuva Munyori noMuzadziki wouporofita hwechokwadi! Bhuku raNehemia zvirokwazvo rutivi rwaMagwaro akafuridzirwa.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RANEHEMIA

6. (a) Mushumoi unoparira Nehemia kuti anyengetere kuna Jehovha, uye mukumbiroi unobvumwa namambo? (b) VaJudha vanoita sei kugadziriro yaNehemia?

⁶ Nehemia anotumwa kuJerusarema (1:1–2:20). Nehemia anotambudzwa zvikuru nomushumo wakabva kuna Hanani, uyo adzokera Shushani achibva Jerusarema aine mashoko amamiriro ezvinhu akakomba avaJudha ikoko nokukoromoka kworusvingo namasuo. Anozvinyima zvokudya uye anonyengetera kuna Jehovha sa“Mwari wamatenga, Mwari mukuru naanotyisa, anochengeta sungano nomutsa worudo kuna avo vanomuda navanochengeta mirayiro yake.” (1:5, NW) Anoreurura zvivi zvaIsraeri ndokukumbira Jehovha kuyeuka vanhu Vake nemhaka yezita Rake, kunyange sezvo Iye akapikira Mosesi. (Dheut. 30:1-10) Apo mambo anobvunza Nehemia pamusoro pechikonzero chechiso chake chakapunyaira, Nehemia anomuudza nezvemamiriro ezvinhu eJerusarema uye anokumbira mvumo yokudzokera ndokuvakazve guta norusvingo rwaro. Mukumbiro wake unobvumirwa, uye pakarepo anoenda Jerusarema. Pashure pokunzverwa kwousiku kworusvingo rweguta kuti azvirovedzanise amene nebasa riri mberi, iye anozivisa rongedzero dzake kuvaJudha, achisimbisa ruoko rwaMwari munhau yacho. Pana ikoku ivo vanoti: “Ngatisimuke, uye tinofanira kuvaka.” (Neh. 2:18, NW) Apo vaSamaria vakavakidzana navo navamwe vanonzwa kuti basa ratanga, vanovamba kunyomba nokuseka.

7. Basa rinopfuurira sei, uye mamiriroi ezvinhu anoda kurongwazve?

⁷ Rusvingo runovakwazve (3:1–6:19). Basa raparusvingo rinovamba pazuva rechitatu romwedzi wechishanu, vaprista, machinda, uye vanhu vachigoverana pamwe mubasa. Masuo eguta namasvingo ari pakati zvinogadzirwa nokukurumidza. Sanbharati muHoroni anoshora, achiti: “VaJudha vasina simba vari kuiteiko? . . . Vachapedza muzuva rimwe here?” Kuna ikoku, Tobhia muAmoni anowedzera kunyomba kwake, achiti: “Kunyange chavari kuvaka, kana gava rikakwirapo, zvirokwazvo ringakoromora rusvingo rwavo rwamabwe.” (4:2, 3, NW) Rusvingo zvarwunosvika hafu yourefu hwaro, vavengi vakabatanidzwa vanotsamwa uye vanorangana kuti vakwire ndokurwisana neJerusarema. Asi Nehemia anorayira vaJudha kurangarira “Jehovha mukuru uye Uyo anotyisa” uye kurwira mhuri dzavo nemisha yavo. (4:14, NW) Basa rinorongwazve kuti vanangane namamiriro ezvinhu akakomba; vamwe vanorinda namapfumo apo vamwe vanoshanda vane minondo yavo pahudyu dzavo.

8. Nehemia anobata sei nezvinetso pakati pavaJudha vamene?

⁸ Zvisinei, pakati pavaJudha vamene pane zvinetsowo. Vamwe vavo vanorayira mhindu kuvanamati biyavo vaJehovha, mukupesana nomutemo wake. (Eks. 22:25) Nehemia anoruramisa mugariro wacho, achipa zano pamusoro pokudisa zvinhu zvenyika, uye vanhu vanoteerera nokudisa. Nehemia amene, mukati mamakore ake ose 12 okuva gavhuna, kubvira muna 455 B.C.E. kusvikira kuna 443 B.C.E., haatongorayiri chingwa chakafanira gavhuna nemhaka yebasa rinorema riri pavanhu.

9. (a) Nehemia anonangana sei nounyanzvi hwamanomano hwokumisa kuvaka? (b) Rusvingo runopedzwa munguvai?

⁹ Vavengi zvino vanoedza unyanzvi hwamanomano zvikuru kuregedzesa kuvaka. Vanokoka Nehemia kuti aburuke nokuda kwomusangano, asi anopindura kuti iye haagoni kuwana nguva yokusava pabasa guru raari kuita. Sanbharati zvino anopomera Nehemia kupanduka uye kuronga kuzviita amene mambo muna Judha, uye iye pachivande anopinza basa muJudha kuti atyisidzire Nehemia kuvanda zvisina kururama mutembere. Nehemia anoramba kuva anotyisidzirwa, uye akaterama uye nokuteerera anoita basa rake rakagoverwa naMwari. Rusvingo runopedzwa mu“mazuva ana makumi mashanu namaviri.”—Neh. 6:15.

10. (a) Vanhu vanogara kupi, uye kunyoresai kunoitwa? (b) Igunganoi zvino rinodanidzirwa, uye ndeipi iri purogiramu yezuva rokutanga?

¹⁰ Kurayiridza vanhu (7:1–12:26). Mukati meguta munongova navanhu vashomanene bedzi nedzimba, nokuti vazhinjisa vavaIsraeri vari kugara kunze maererano nenhaka dzavo dzerudzi. Mwari anorayira Nehemia kuunganidza machinda navanhu vose kuti vanyoreswe maererano nemitsara yamadzinza. Mukuita ikoku, anobvunza chinyorwa chaavo vakadzoka kubva Bhabhironi. Gungano ramazuva masere rinoteverwa nokudanidzirwa padare rapachena pedyo neSuo Remvura. Ezra anozarura purogiramu ari pachokutaurira chedanda. Anorumbidza Jehovha dzokonokei orava mubhuku roMutemo waMosesi kubvira mangwanani kusvikira masikati. Anobatsirwa nounyanzvi navamwe vaRevhi, avo vanotsanangurira vanhu Mutemo uye vanopfuurira ‘kurava nenzwi guru mubhuku, muMutemo waMwari wechokwadi, iwo uchitsanangurwa, uye pachiva nokupinzwa kwerevo mauri; uye ivo vanopfuurira kupa nzwisiso mukurava.’ (8:8) Nehemia anokurudzira vanhu kudya nokufara uye kuonga simba ramashoko: “Mufaro waJehovha ndiwo nhare yenyu.”—8:10, NW.

11. Musanganoi chaiwo unoitwa pazuva rechipiri, uye gungano rinopfuurira sei nokufara?

¹¹ Pazuva rechipiri regungano, vatungamiriri vavanhu vanova nomusangano chaiwo naEzra kuti vawane nzwisiso muMutemo. Vanodzidza nezveMutambo Wamatumba unofanira kuchengetwa uyu mwedzi umene wechinomwe, uye ivo pakarepo vanogadzirira kuvaka matumba nokuda kwouyu mutambo unoitirwa Jehovha. Pane “kufara kukuru kwazvo” sezvo vanogara mumatumba kwamazuva manomwe, vachinzwa zuva nezuva kuraviwa kwoMutemo. Pazuva rechisere, vanova negungano rakakomba, “maererano nomurayiro.”—Neh. 8:17, 18, NW; Revh. 23:33-36.

12. (a) Igunganoi rinoitwa gare gare mumwedzi mumwe chetewo, nomusoroi? (b) Chisarudzoi chinogamuchirwa? (c) Igadziriroi inoitwa yokugara muJerusarema?

¹² Pazuva rechi24 romwedzi mumwe chetewo, vanakomana vaIsraeri vanounganazve ndokupfuurira kuzviparadzanisa vamene navokumwe vose. Vanoteerera kuraviwa chaiko kwoMutemo uye tevere kuhwirudzurwa kunonzvera mwoyo kwokubata kwaMwari naIsraeri, kwakapiwa neboka ravaRevhi. Iyoyi inova somusoro wayo: “Simukai, muonge Jehovha Mwari wenyu nokusingaperi-peri; zita renyu rinobwinya ngarikudzwe, iro rinokunda kuonga nokurumbidza kwose.” (Neh. 9:5) Vanopfuurira kureurura zvivi zvamadzibaba avo uye nokuzvininipisa kuti vakumbire chikomborero chaJehovha. Ikoku kunoitwa muchimiro chechisarudzo icho chinopupurirwa nechisimbiso chavamiriri vorudzi. Boka rose rinobvuma kuramba risingaroorani namarudzi enyika yacho, kuchengeta Masabata, uye kugovera nokuda kwebasa retembere navashandi. Munhu mumwe kubva muvane gumi vari vose anosarudzwa nomujenya kuti agare zvechigarire muJerusarema, mukati morusvingo.

13. Ipurogiramui yegungano inoratidzira kutsaurirwa kworusvingo, uye igadziriroi dzinovapo somugumisiro?

¹³ Rusvingo runotsaurirwa (12:27–13:3). Kutsaurirwa kworusvingo rwuchangobva kuvakwa inguva yorwiyo nomufaro. Inhambo yerimwe gungano. Nehemia anogadzirira kwaya huru mbiri nokufora kwokuonga kuti dzifambe parusvingo mumativi akasiyana, pakupedzisira dzichikumbanira muzvibayiro paimba yaJehovha. Gadziriro dzinoitwa dzemipiro yezvinhu yokutsigira vaprista navaRevhi vapatembere. Kumwe kurava Bhaibheri kunozivisa kuti vaAmoni navaMoabhi havafaniri kubvumidzwa kupinda muungano, uye nokudaro ivo vanovamba kuparadzanisa boka rose rakavhengana naIsraeri.

14. Rondedzera zvakashata zvinomuka mukati mokusavapo kwaNehemia, uye nhano dzaanoshandisa kuzvibvisa.

¹⁴ Kubvisa kusachena (13:4-31). Pashure pokupedza nhambo yenguva ari muBhabhironi, Nehemia anodzokera kuJerusarema ndokuwana kuti zvakashata zvitsva zvapinda pakati pavaJudha. Zvinhu zvakurumidza sei kuchinja! Muprista mukuru Eriashibhi atoita horo yokudyira muruvazhe rwetembere kuti Tobhia ashandise, muAmoni, mumwe wavavengi vaMwari. Nehemia haanonoki. Anokandira kunze fenicha yaTobhia uye anoita kuti horo dzose dzokudyira dzicheneswe. Anowanawo kuti mipiro yezvinhu yavaRevhi yakaregwa, naizvozvo vari kubuda muJerusarema kuti vandowana chokurarama nacho. Kutengeserana kunopararira muguta. Sabata harisi kuchengetwa. Nehemia anovaudza, kuti: “Muri kuwedzera kutsamwa kukuru pamusoro paIsraeri kupfurikidza nokuzvidza sabata.” (13:18, NW) Anopfiga masuo eguta paSabata kuchengeta vashambadzi vari kunze, uye anovarayira kuenda kure norusvingo rweguta. Asi pane chakashata chakaipa zvikuru kupinda ikoku, chimwe chinhu chavakanga vabvuma nenzira yakakomba kusachiitazve. Vakapinza vadzimai vokumwe, vechihedheni muguta. Vana vemibatanidzwa iyeyo havasati vachataurazve mutauro wechiJudha. Nehemia anovayeuchidza kuti Soromoni akatadza nemhaka yavadzimai vokumwe. Nemhaka yeichi chivi, Nehemia anodzinga muzukuru waEriashibhi muprista mukuru.c Ipapo anoronga munhevedzano uprista nebasa ravaRevhi.

15. Nehemia anoita mukumbiroi wokuzvininipisa?

¹⁵ Nehemia anogumisa bhuku rake nomukumbiro wakapfava uye wokuzvininipisa: “Ndiyeukei, haiwa Mwari wangu, nokuda kwezvakanaka.”—13:31, NW.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

16. Nehemia muenzaniso wakaisvonaka munzirai nokuda kwavadi vose vokunamata kwakarurama?

¹⁶ Kuzvipira kwoumwari kwaNehemia kunofanira kuva kurudziro kuna vadi vose vokunamata kwakarurama. Akasiya nzvimbo inodiwa yokuva mutariri anozvininipisa pakati pavanhu vaJehovha. Akatoramba mupiro wezvinhu uyo wakanga uri kodzero yake, uye akashurikidza chose chose kudisa zvinhu zvenyika somusungo. Kurondwa kwokushingaira nokuchengetwa kwokunamatwa kwaJehovha kwakanga kuri uko Nehemia akareverera nokuda kworudzi rwose. (5:14, 15; 13:10-13) Nehemia akanga ari muenzaniso wakaisvonaka kunesu mukuva asina udyire chose chose naakachenjera, murume wechiito, asingatyi nokuda kwokururama mukunangana nengozi. (4:14, 19, 20; 6:3, 15) Akanga achitya Mwari zvakafanira uye akanga achifarira kuvaka vabatiri biyake mukutenda. (13:14; 8:9) Akashandisa nesimba mutemo waJehovha, zvikurukuru sezvawakanga une chokuita nokunamata kwechokwadi uye kurambwa kwepesvedzero dzokumwe, dzakadai sokuroorana navahedheni.—13:8, 23-29.

17. Nehemia muenzaniso seiwo muzivo uye mukushandiswa kwomutemo waMwari?

¹⁷ Mubhuku racho rose kuri pachena kuti Nehemia akanga achiziva zvakanaka mutemo waJehovha, uye iye akashandisa iwoyu zvakanaka. Akakumbira chikomborero chaMwari nemhaka yechipikirwa chaJehovha chiri pana Dheuteronomio 30:1-4, ane kutenda kwakazara kwokuti Jehovha aizoita chiito nokuvimbika nokuda kwake. (Neh. 1:8, 9) Akagadzirira magungano akawanda, zvikurukuru kuti arovedzanise vaJudha nezvinhu zvakanyorwa kare. Mukurava kwavo Mutemo, Nehemia naEzra vaishingaira kuita kuti Shoko raMwari rijekere vanhu ndokurishandisa.—8:8, 13-16; 13:1-3.

18. Utungamiriri hwokunyengetera hwaNehemia hunofanira kurovererei pavatariri vose?

¹⁸ Kuvimba kwakakwana kwaNehemia naJehovha nemikumbiro yake yokuzvininipisa zvinofanira kutikurudzira kukudziridza chimiro chakafanana chechivimbo chokunyengetera pana Mwari. Cherekedza kuti minyengetero yake yakakudza sei Mwari, yakaratidza sei kuzivikanwa kwezvivi zvavanhu vake, uye akakumbira kuti zita raJehovha ritsveneswe. (1:4-11; 4:14; 6:14; 13:14, 29, 31) Kuti uyu mutariri anoshingaira akanga ari simba nokuda kwoumhare pakati pavanhu vaMwari kwakaratidzwa nokudisa kwavakatevera nako nhungamiro yake yokuchenjera uye mufaro uyo ivo vakawana mukuita kuda kwaMwari pamwe chete naye. Muenzaniso unokurudzira zvirokwazvo! Zvisinei, mukusavapo kwomutariri akachenjera, kudisa zvinhu zvenyika, ushati, uye kuramba kutenda chaiko zvakakurumidza kupinda sei! Zvirokwazvo ikoku kunofanira kuroverera pavatariri vose vari pakati pavanhu vaMwari nhasi kudikanwa kwokuva vapenyu, vakasvinurira, vanoshingairira fariro dzehama dzavo dzechiKristu, uye vanonzwisisa navakasimba mukuvatungamirira munzira dzokunamata kwakachena.

19. (a) Nehemia akashandisa sei Shoko raMwari kusimbisa chivimbo muzvipikirwa zvoUmambo? (b) Tariro yoUmambo inonyandura sei vabatiri vaMwari nhasi?

¹⁹ Nehemia akaratidza chivimbo chakasimba neShoko raMwari. Akanga asati achingova bedzi mudzidzisi anoshingaira waMagwaro asi iye akaashandisawo mukutanga nhaka dzemitsara yamadzinza nebasa ravaprista navaRevhi pakati pavanhu vakadzorerwa vaMwari. (Neh. 1:8; 11:1–12:26; Josh. 14:1–21:45) Ikoku kunofanira kuve kwaiva kuri kwekurudziro huru kuna vakasarira vechiJudha. Kwakasimbisa chivimbo chavo muzvipikirwa zvakaisvonaka zvakapiwa kare pamusoro peMbeu uye kudzorerwa kukuru zvikuru kuchauya muUmambo Hwake. Ndiyo tariro mukudzorerwa kwoUmambo inokuchidzira vabatiri vaMwari kurwa noushingi nokuda kwefariro dzoUmambo uye kuva vakabatikana mukuvaka kunamata kwechokwadi mupasi rose.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]