Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 39—Maraki
Munyori: Maraki
Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Jerusarema
Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Pashure pa443 B.C.E.
1. Chii chinoratidzira kushingairira Jehovha kwaMaraki?
NDIANI akanga ari Maraki? Hakuna idi rimwe zvaro rakanyorwa pamusoro pedzinza rake kana kuti nhau yomunhu oga. Zvisinei, kubva murevo youporofita hwake, kuri pachena kwazvo kuti akanga achishingaira zvikuru mukuzvipira kwake kuna Jehovha Mwari, achitsigira zita Rake nokunamata kwakachena, uye kuti akatsamwira zvakasimba avo vanotaura kuti vanobatira Mwari asi vanozvibatira vamene bedzi. Zita raJehovha rinodudzwa ka48 mumaganhuro mana ouporofita hwake.
2. Sezvinobvira zita raMaraki rinorevei, uye sezviri pachena, akararama rini?
2 Zita rake muchiHebheru ndiMal·ʼa·khiʹ, iro sezvinobvira rinoreva kuti “Nhume Yangu.” Magwaro echiHebheru, Septuagint, uye nhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva yemabhuku zvose zvinoisa Maraki kwokupedzisira pakati pavanonzi vaporofita vaduku 12. Maererano negamuchidzanwa reSinagoge Guru, iye akararama pashure pavaporofita Hagai naZekaria uye akanga ari wapanguva imwe cheteyo naNehemia.
3. Chii chinoratidzira kuti uporofita hwaMaraki hwakanyorwa pashure pa443 B.C.E.?
3 Uporofita hwacho hwakanyorwa rini? Makanga muri mukati mokudzora kwomumwe gavhuna, uko kunohuisa munguva yokudzorerwa kweJerusarema pashure pokuitwa dongo kwamakore 70 kweJudha. (Mar. 1:8) Asi gavhuna upi? Sezvo basa retembere richidudzwa asi pasina nongedzero kukuvaka tembere yacho, kunofanira kuva kwakanga kuri pashure penguva yaGavhuna Zerubhabheri, ane nguva yokutonga iyo tembere yakapedzwa mukati mayo. Kunongova bedzi nomumwe gavhuna mumwe wenhambo iyoyi anodudzwa muMagwaro, uye iye ndiNehemia. Uporofita hwacho hunokodzera nguva yaNehemia here? Hapana chinhu chinodudzwa muna Maraki pamusoro pokuvakwazve kweJerusarema nerusvingo rwaro, uko kunobvisa rutivi rwapakuvamba rwokuva gavhuna kwaNehemia. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinotaurwa pamusoro pezvakaipa zvaiitwa navaprista, kuchibatanidza Maraki namamirire ezvinhu aivako apo Nehemia akauya kechipiri kuJerusarema, pashure pokudanwazve kwake kuBhabhironi naArtashasta muna 443 B.C.E., gore rechi32 rokutonga kwamambo wacho. (Mar. 2:1; Neh. 13:6) Zvikamu zvakafanana zviri muna Maraki naNehemia zvinoratidzira kuti uporofita hwacho hunoshanda kuiyi nguva chaiyoiyo.—Mar. 2:4-8, 11, 12—Neh. 13:11, 15, 23-26; Mar. 3:8-10—Neh. 13:10-12.
4. Chii chinobvumikisa bhuku raMaraki kuva rechokwadi nerakafuridzirwa?
4 Bhuku raMaraki nguva dzose rave richigamuchirwa navaJudha serechokwadi. Kunokorwa kwamashoko kubva mariri muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, kwakawanda kwako kunoratidza kuzadzikwa kwouporofita hwaro, kunobvumikisa kuti bhuku raMaraki rakafuridzirwa uye rutivi rwendaza yamanyoro matsvene eMagwaro echiHebheru iyo yakagamuchirwa neungano yechiKristu.—Mar. 1:2, 3—VaR. 9:13; Mar. 3:1—Mat. 11:10 naRuka 1:76 uye Ru 7:27; Mar. 4:5, 6—Mat. 11:14 naMat 17:10-13, Marko 9:11-13 uye Ruka 1:17.
5. Mugariroi womudzimu wakaderera wakasunda uporofita hwaMaraki?
5 Uporofita hwaMaraki hunoratidzira kuti shingairo yorudzidziso nembavarira zvakanyandurwa navaporofita Hagai naZekaria panguva yokuvakazve tembere zvakanga zvapfuura. Vaprista vakanga vava vasingaitiri hanya, vanodada, uye vanozviruramisa. Mabasa etembere akanga ava anozvidzwa. Zvegumi nezvipiriso zvakanga zvaregeredzwa nemhaka yokurangarira kuti Mwari akanga asingafariri Israeri. Tariro dzakanangidzirwa muna Zerubhabheri dzakanga dzisina kuwanwa, uye mukupesana nedzimwe kariro, Mesiya akanga asina kuuya. Mugariro womudzimu wavaJudha wakanga waderera zvikuru. Chikonzeroi chaivapo chekurudziro netariro? Vanhu vaigona sei kuitwa kuti vazive mugariro wavo wechokwadi nokumutswa kuti vadzokere kukururama? Uporofita hwaMaraki hwakagovera mhinduro yacho.
6. Ndoupi uri munyorero waMaraki?
6 Munyorero waMaraki wakananga uye une simba. Anotanga kutaura chikarakadzo uye ipapo anopindura zvirambidzo zvaavo vaanotaura kwavari. Pakupedzisira, anotaurazve chikarakadzo chake chapakuvamba. Ikoku kunowedzera simba nokujeka kuchibvumikiso chake. Panzvimbo pokuva akanyanyojeka zvikuru, iye anoshandisa muitiro wechigwagwagwa, unomutsa nharo zvikuru.
ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAMARAKI
7. Jehovha anoratidzira rudoi noruvengoi?
7 Murayiro waJehovha kuvaprista (1:1–2:17). Jehovha anotanga kutaura kuda kwake vanhu vake. Akada Jakobho ndokuvenga Esau. Edhomi ngaaedze kuvaka nzvimbo dzake dzakaparadzwa; Jehovha achadziparadza uye dzichanzi “nyika yezvakaipa,” vanhu vakazvidzwa naJehovha, nokuti Jehovha acha“kudzwa munyika yose yaIsraeri.”—1:4, 5.
8. Vaprista vakashatisa sei tafura yaJehovha, uye neiko kutuka kuchauya pavari?
8 Zvino Jehovha anotaura zvakananga ku‘vaprista avo vari kuzvidza zita rake.’ Sezvo vanoedza kuzviruramisa vamene, Jehovha anonongedzera kuzvibayiro zvavo zvisingaoni, zvakaremara, uye zvinorwara, uye anobvunza kuti, Kunyange gavhuna angatendera zvipiriso zvakadaro here? Jehovha amene haazvifariri. Zita rake rinofanira kukwidziridzwa pakati pamarudzi, asi ava varume vari kumuzvidza kupfurikidza nokuti: “Tafura yaJehovha yakasvibiswa.” Kutukwa kuchavawira nemhaka yokuti vakaputsa mhiko dzavo nenzira yokunyengera kupfurikidza nokupa zvibayiro zvisina maturo. “Nokuti ndiri Mambo mukuru—ndizvo zvinotaura Jehovha wehondo—zita rangu rinotyisa pakati pavahedheni.”—1:6, 12, 14.
9. Vaprista vakakundikana muchii, uye vakazvidza sei utsvene hwaJehovha?
9 Jehovha zvino anopa murayiro kuvaprista, achitaura kuti kana vasingafungisisi iri zano, achatuma chituko pavari napazvikomborero zvavo. Achaparadzira ndove yemitambo yavo pazviso zvavo nemhaka yokukundikana kwavo kuchengeta sungano yaRevhi. “Nokuti miromo yomuprista inofanira kuchengeta zivo, vanhu vanofanira kubvunza murayiro pamuromo wake; nokuti ndiye nhume yaJehovha wehondo.” (2:7) Maraki anoreurura chivi chikuru chaIsraeri naJudha. Vakaita nenzira yokunyengera nomumwe nomumwe uye vakazvidza utsvene hwaJehovha, Baba vavo noMusiki, kupfurikidza nokutora mwanasikana wamwari wokumwe somwenga. Vakaita zvakanyanya mukunetesa Jehovha. Vakatobvunza kuti, “Mwari wezvakarurama uripiko?”—2:17.
10. Ishe anouya kutembere yake nokuda kwebasai rorutongeso?
10 Ishe wechokwadi nenhume (3:1-18). Uporofita hwacho zvino hunosvika pamugumo namashoko a“Jehovha wehondo”; anoti: “Tarirai, ndinotuma nhume yangu, iye uchandigadzirira nzira yangu pamberi pangu; ipapo Ishe, wamunotsvaka, uchasvika pakarepo patembere yake, iye Mutumwa wesungano, wamunoshuva, tarirai, unouya.” (3:1) Somunatsi, Iye uchachenesa vanakomana vaRevhi uye achava chapupu chinokurumidza pamusoro pavakaipa avo vasina kutya Iye. Jehovha haachinji, uye nemhaka yokuti vanakomana vaJakobho, iye nenzira yengoni achadzokera kwavari kana vakadzokera kwaari.
11. Vanofanira sei zvino kuedza Mwari, uye zvikomboreroi zvichatevera?
11 Vave vachibira Mwari, asi zvino ngavamuedze kupfurikidza nokupinza zvegumi zvavo mudura kuti mugova nezvokudya mumba make, vaine chivimbo chokuti achadurura kubva mumasuo emvura ematenga kuzara kumene kwechikomborero chake. Vachava nyika yomufaro inonzi inofara namarudzi ose. Avo vanotya Jehovha vave vachitaurirana, uye Jehovha ave achipa ngwariro nokuteerera. “Bhuku yokurangaridza ikanyorwa pamberi pake, nokuda kwavanotya Jehovha, vachirangarira zita rake.” (3:16) Zvirokwazvo vachava vaJehovha muzuva rokuita kwake chinhu chake chaicho.
12. Chii chinopikirwa pamusoro pezuva rinotyisa raJehovha?
12 Zuva guru nerinotyisa raJehovha (4:1-6). Irori izuva rinouya iro richaparadza vakaipa, risingasiyi mudzi kana kuti dzinde. Asi zuva rokururama richapenyera avo vanotya zita raJehovha, uye vachaporeswa. Jehovha anovarayira kuyeuka Mutemo waMosesi. Zuva rake guru nerinotyisa risati rasvika, Jehovha anopikira kutuma Eria muporofita. “Iye uchadzorera mwoyo yamadzibaba kuvana, nemwoyo yavana kuna madzibaba avo, kuti ndirege kuuya ndirove nyika nokutuka.”—4:6.
CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA
13. Maraki anotii pamusoro (a) pengoni dzaJehovha norudo? (b) mutoro wavadzidzisi veShoko raMwari? (c) avo vanoputsa mitemo yaMwari nenheyo?
13 Bhuku raMaraki rinobetsera mukunzwisisa nheyo dzisingachinji nerudo rwengoni rwaJehovha Mwari. Pamavambo, rinosimbisa rudo rukuru rwaJehovha nokuda kwavanhu vake “Jakobho.” Akazivisa kuvanakomana vaJakobho, kuti: “Ini Jehovha handishanduki.” Pasinei zvapo nouipi hwavo hukuru, iye akanga akagadzirira kudzokera kuvanhu vake kana vaizodzokera kwaari. NdiMwari ane ngoni zvirokwazvo! (Mar. 1:2; 3:6, 7; VaR. 11:28; Eks. 34:6, 7) Kupfurikidza naMaraki, Jehovha akasimbisa kuti miromo yomuprista “inofanira kuchengeta zivo.” Vose avo vakaronzeswa kudzidzisa Shoko raMwari vanofanira kungwarira iri pfundo, vachiva nechokwadi chokuti izivo yakarurama iyo vanopa. (Mar. 2:7; VaF. 1:9-11; enzanisa naJakobho 3:1.) Jehovha haashiviriri vanyengeri, avo vanoedza kutaura kuti “kuita zvakashata kwakanaka mumeso aJehovha.” Hapana munhu anofanira kufunga kuti iye anogona kunyengera Jehovha kupfurikidza nechipiriso chokunyepedzerawo zvacho kune uyu Mambo mukuru. (Mar. 2:17, NW; 1:14; VaK. 3:23, 24) Jehovha achava chapupu chinokurumidza pavose vanoputsa mitemo yake yakarurama nenheyo; hapana munhu angakarira kuita nenzira yakaipa ndokusarangwa. Jehovha achamutonga. (Mar. 3:5; VaH. 10:30, 31) Vakarurama vangava nevimbiso yakazara yokuti Jehovha achayeuka mabasa avo ndokuvatusa. Vanofanira kupa ngwariro kuMutemo waMosesi, kunyange sezvakaita Jesu, nokuti une zvinhu zvakawanda zvinozadzikwa maari.—Mar. 3:16; 4:4; Ruka 24:44, 45.
14. (a) Maraki anonongedzera mberi, zvikurukuru, kuchii? (b) Maraki 3:1 yakazadzikwa sei muzana ramakore rokutanga C.E.?
14 Sebhuku rokupedzisira raMagwaro echiHebheru akafuridzirwa, bhuku raMaraki rinonongedzera mberi kuzviitiko zvakapoteredza kuuya kwaMesiya, ane kuoneka uko kwakagovera chikonzero chokunyorwa kwaMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki anopfuura mazana mana amakore gare gare. Sezvakanyorwa pana Maraki 3:1, Jehovha wehondo akati: “Tarirai, ndinotuma nhume yangu, iye uchandigadzirira nzira yangu pamberi pangu.” Achitaura mufuridziro, mukweguru Zekaria akaratidza kuti ikoku kwakava nezadziko mumwanakomana wake, Johane Mubhapatidzi. (Ruka 1:76) Jesu Kristu akasimbisa ikoku, achitaura panguva imwe cheteyo, kuti: “Hakuna kumuka mukuru kuna Johane Mubhapatidzi; asi muduku muushe hwokudenga mukuru kwaari.” Johane akanga atumwa, sokufanotaura kwakaita Maraki, kuti ‘agadzire nzira,’ zvokuti akanga asiri pakati paavo Jesu akaita navo sungano gare gare nokuda kwoUmambo.—Mat. 11:7-12; Ruka 7:27, 28; 22:28-30.
15. Ndiani ari “Eria” wouporofita hwaMaraki?
15 Ipapo, pana Maraki 4:5, 6, Jehovha akapikira, kuti: “Tarirai, ndichakutumirai muporofita Eria.” Ndiani ari uyu “Eria”? Vose vari vaviri Jesu nengirozi iyo yakaoneka kuna Zekaria vanoshandisa aya mashoko kuna Johane Mubhapatidzi, vachiratidza kuti iye akanga ari uyo acha“vandudz[a] zvinhu zvose” uye “agadzirire Ishe vanhu vakamugadzirirwa kwazvo” kuti vagamuchire Mesiya. Zvisinei, Maraki anotaurawo kuti “Eria” ndiye mutangiri we“zuva iro guru raJehovha, rinotyisa,” nokudaro achiratidzira zadziko yakanga ichiri munguva yemberi muzuva rorutongeso.—Mat. 17:11; Ruka 1:17; Mat. 11:14; Marko 9:12.
16. Maraki anonongedzera mberi kuzuvai rakakomborerwa, uye anopa kurudziroi youshamwari?
16 Achikarira zuva iroro, Jehovha wehondo anoti: “Nokuti kubva pakubuda kwezuva kusvikira pakuvira kwaro zita rangu richakudzwa pakati pavahedheni; . . . nokuti ndiri Mambo mukuru . . . zita rangu rinotyisa pakati pavahedheni.” Rinotyisa zvirokwazvo! Nokuti ‘zuva racho richapisa sechoto, uye vose avo vanozvikudza navose avo vanoita uipi vanofanira kuva samashanga.’ Bva, vanofara avo vanotya zita raJehovha, nokuti kwavari va“chabudirwa nezuva rokururama, rine kuporesa pasi pamapiro aro.” Ikoku kunonangidzira ngwariro panguva inofadza apo vanhu vanoteerera vemhuri yavanhu vachaporeswa chose chose—mumudzimu, mumirangariro, mundangariro, uye mumuviri. (Zvak. 21:3, 4) Mukunongedzera mberi kuzuva iroro rine mbiri nerakakomborerwa, Maraki anotikurudzira kuva vemwoyo wose mukupinza chipiriso chedu muimba yaJehovha: “Mundiidze naizvozvi zvino—ndizvo zvinotaura Jehovha wehondo—muone kana ndisingakuzaruriyi mawindi okudenga, ndikakudururirai mukomborero wamuchashayiwa pokuisa.”—Mar. 1:11, 14; 4:1, 2; 3:10.
17. Nyevero dzaMaraki dzinodzikamiswa nedanidziroi dzokuva netariro?
17 Nepo richipfuurira kunyevera nezvo‘kuparadzwa kwepasi,’ iri bhuku rokupedzisira raVaporofita rinorayira kuva netariro nokufara maererano namashoko aJehovha kuvanhu vake, anoti: “Ndudzi dzose dzichati muri vanhu vakafara; nokuti muchava nyika inofadza.”—4:6; 3:12.