Fundo Pamusoro paMagwaro Akafuridzirwa Nemamirire Awo Ezvinhu Ekare

Fundo Nhamba 7—Bhaibheri Munguva Dzazvino Uno

Nhau yesosaiti dzemaBhaibheri; basa reWatch Tower Society mukudhinda nokubudisa maBhaibheri; kuitwa kweNew World Translation.

1. (a) Mashoko oumwari akapiwa nokuda kwezvinangwai, uye neiko naizvozvo mamwe asina kunyorwa? (b) Mirayiroi yakananga iyo Jehovha akapa kuvakawanda vavaporofita, uye nebetseroi nokuda kwedu mu“mazuva okupedzisira”?

MAGWARO Matsvene, mabhuku 66 akafuridzirwa atinoziva nhasi seBhaibheri, ane “shoko raJehovha” rakanyorwa. (Isa. 66:5) Iri “shoko” rakayerera zvakasununguka richipfuura nomumazana amakore akawanda kubva kuna Jehovha richienda kuvaporofita vake navabatiri vaiva pasi pano. Aya mashoko oumwari akaita chinangwa chawo chapakarepo uye akapawo rumbonera rune simba rwezviitiko zvine chokwadi chokuitika muyaiva panguva iyoyo nguva yemberi iri kure. Kwaisadikanwa nguva dzose kuvaporofita vaMwari kuti vanyore “shoko raJehovha” iro rakasvitswa kwavari. Somuenzaniso, kumwe kwokutaura kwaEria naErisha uko kwakaitirwa chizvarwa chenguva yavo hakuna kuchengetwa kuri kwakanyorwa. Pane rumwe rutivi, vaporofita Mosesi, Isaya, Jeremia, Habhakuki, uye vamwe vakagamuchira mirayiro yakananga yoku“nyora” kana kuti ku‘nyora mubhuku kana kuti mupumburu wamanyoro’ “shoko raJehovha” iro rakaziviswa kwavari. (Eks. 17:14; Isa. 30:8; Jer. 30:2; Hab. 2:2; Zvak. 1:11) “Mashoko akataurwa kare navaporofita vatsvene” nokudaro akachengetwa, pamwe chete namamwe manyoro matsvene, kuti anyandure mano akajeka okufunga avabatiri vaJehovha uye zvikurukuru kuti agovere nhungamiro pamusoro pa“mazuva okupedzisira.”—2 Pet. 3:1-3.

2. Inhamboi munhau dzakacherekedzwa nokuda kwomubato wakawedzerwa mukukopa Bhaibheri neshanduro?

² Kukopiwa kwakawanda kwaMagwaro echiHebheru akafuridzirwa kwakaitwa kubvira munguva yaEzra zvichienda mberi. Kuvambira muzana ramakore rokutanga reNguva yaVose, Bhaibheri rakakopiwa ndokukopiwazve navaKristu vapakuvamba uye rakashandiswa mukupupura pamusoro pezvinangwa zvaJehovha pamusoro paKristu Wake munyika yose yaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo. Apo kudhinda namabhii anochinjika kwakava kunozivikanwa navose (kubvira muzana ramakore rechi15 zvichienda mberi), imwe sundo yakapiwa kukuwedzera nokuparadzira makopi eBhaibheri. Kushandurwa kwakawanda pamwe chete nokudhinda zvakaitwa nemapoka ari oga muzana ramakore rechi16 nerechi17. Pakuvamba sa1800, Bhaibheri rakanga raoneka rose kana kuti murutivi mumitauro 71.

SOSAITI DZEMABHAIBHERI

3. Chinhui chakabetsera zvikuru kuwedzero mukuparadzira Bhaibheri kubvira pamavambo ezana ramakore rechi19?

³ Sundo huru zvikuru yakapiwa kuiri basa muzana ramakore rechi19 nerechi20, apo sosaiti dzemaBhaibheri dzakanga dzichangobva kuumbwa dzakavamba kubatanidzwa mubasa guru rokuparadzira Bhaibheri. Imwe yedzepakuvamba zvikurusa yeidzi sosaiti dzemaBhaibheri yakanga iri British and Foreign Bible Society, iyo yakarongwa muLondon muna 1804. Kurongwa kweiyi sosaiti yemaBhaibheri kwakatanga kutangwa kwedzimwe sosaiti dzakadaro dzakawanda.a

4. (a) Inhambai dzinobvumikisa kuti shoko roupenyu zvirokwazvo rakafukidza pasi? (b) Mashokoi anobetsera anogoverwa pachati iri papeji 322 pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveBhaibheri zvakarongwa? Enzanisira ikoku kupfurikidza nenongedzero kuchimwe chinyorwa chakati cheBhaibheri.

⁴ Nesosaiti dzemaBhaibheri dzakawanda kwazvo dzaishanda, basa rokuparadzira Bhaibheri rakabudirira. Pakasvika gore ra1900, Bhaibheri rakanga raoneka rose kana kuti murutivi mumitauro 567, uye pakasvika 1928, mumitauro 856. Pakasvika 1938 chiratidzo chechiuru chakapfuurwa, uye zvino Bhaibheri rinowanikwa mumitauro inopfuura 1 900. Shoko rinozorodza raJehovha roupenyu rafukidza pasi! Nokudaro, kwazova kunobvirira vanhu vamarudzi ose kupindura danidzo, yokuti: “Rumbidzai Ishe, imi vahedheni vose; marudzi ose ngaamukudze.” (VaR. 15:11) Chati iri papeji 322, “Dzimwe Shanduro Huru dzeBhaibheri Mumitauro Mikuru Minomwe,” inopa mamwe mashoko pamusoro pokuparadzirwa kweBhaibheri kwomuzuva razvino uno.

5. Chii chinotokosha zvikuru kupfuura kuparadzirwa kweBhaibheri, bva Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoonga nokuda kwechii?

⁵ Kunyange zvazvo kuita kuti Bhaibheri riwanikwe kuvazhinji-zhinji vepasi riri basa rinorumbidzwa, kushandiswa kwaaya maBhaibheri mukupa vanhu nzwisiso yeBhaibheri ibasa rinotokosha zvikuru. Kwakanga kuri kupiwa kwe“pfungwa” yeshoko uko kwakanga kuchikosha munguva dzechiJudha nedzechiKristu dzapakuvamba, apo maBhaibheri mashomanene akanga achiwanikwa, uye ichochi chichiri chinhu chinokosha zvikurusa. (Mat. 13:23, NW; Neh. 8:8) Zvisinei, iri basa rokudzidzisa Shoko raMwari kuvanhu vapasi rose rakakurumidziswa nokuparadzirwa kukuru kweBhaibheri. Sezvo Zvapupu zvaJehovha nhasi zvinopfuurira mberi nebasa razvo rinobatanidza nyika yose redzidzo yeBhaibheri, zvinoonga kuti mamiriyoni emaBhaibheri zvino anowanikwa munyika dzakawanda nemitauro.

ZVAPUPU ZVAJEHOVHA SAVABUDISI VEMABHAIBHERI

6. Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakaratidzirwa nomubatoi nhasi pamwe chete nomunguva dzakare?

⁶ Zvapupu zvaJehovha vanhu vanobudisa maBhaibheri. Ikoku kwakanga kwakadaro mumazuva aEzra. Kwakanga kwakadaro mumazuva avadzidzi vapakuvamba vaJesu Kristu, avo vakazadza nyika yakare namakopi avo akanyorwa namaoko eBhaibheri kusvikira kutambanuko yakadaro zvokuti nhaka huru yatakagamuchira yamanyoro avo akanyorwa namaoko inopfuura iyo yamamwe mabhuku api neapi akare. Zvino, munguva dzino dzazvino uno, rudzi rumwe cheterwo rwomubato wakasimba wokubudisa maBhaibheri runoratidzira Zvapupu zvaJehovha.

7. Isanganoi iro Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakavamba? rini? uye zvakatanga sei kukudza ushumiri hwazvo panguva iyoyo?

⁷ Muna 1884 Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakatanga sangano rokupfuuridzira basa razvo rokubudisa maBhaibheri, sangano racho richiva zvino rinozivikanwa seWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Pakutanga maBhaibheri aitengwa kudzimwe sosaiti dzemaBhaibheri nokuda kwokuparadzirwazve neizvi Zvapupu, izvo kunyange panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvichitanga ushumiri hwazvo hwapaimba neimba hunotsauranisa. King James Version ya1611 yechiNgezi yakashandiswa sechinyorwa chavo chikuru chefundo yeBhaibheri.

8. (a) Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society yave iri yechokwadi sei kuzita rayo? (b) Sosaiti yakashandisa sei shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzakawanda, uye nokuda kwechinangwai?

⁸ Maererano nezita rayo, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society yakapinda mukuparadzira maBhaibheri, pamwe chete nokubudisa mabhuku, maturakiti, uye mamwe mabhuku echiKristu. Ikoku kwave kuri nokuda kwechinangwa chomurayiridzo mudzidziso dzakarurama dzeShoko raMwari. Dzidzo yayo yeBhaibheri yakabetsera vadi vekururama kubuda mugamuchidzanwa renhema rorudzidziso nouzivi hwenyika uye kudzokera kurusununguko rwezvokwadi yeBhaibheri yakaziviswa kupfurikidza naJesu navamwe vatauriri vakazvipira vaJehovha. (Joh. 8:31, 32) Kubvira panguva iyo magazini inonzi Nharireyomurindi yechiNgezi yakavamba kubudiswa muna 1879, zvinyorwa zveWatch Tower Society zvakanokora mashoko, zvakadudza, uye zvakanongedzera kudzakawanda dzeshanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzeBhaibheri. Nokudaro, Sosaiti yakaziva ukoshi hwadzo dzose uye yakashandisa zvakanaka zviri madziri dzose zvadzo sezvoukoshi mukubvisa nyongano yorudzidziso nokuzivisa shoko raMwari.

9. Sosaiti yakapinda sei mubasa rokubudisa maBhaibheri?

⁹ MaBhaibheri aRotherham naHolman. Pakuvamba sa1890, Zvapupu zvaJehovha, kupfurikidza neWatch Tower Society, zvakapinda zvakananga mumunda sevabudisi navaparadziri veBhaibheri. Pakasvika nguva iyoyo, kodzero dzokudhinda dzakanga dzawanwa kumushanduri weBhaibheri weBritain Joseph B. Rotherham dzokubudisa muUnited States chinyorwa chechipiri cheNew Testament yake. Papeji yomusoro yaaya makopi akadhindwa, paiva nezita reWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, dzimbahwe reSosaiti richiva raiva ikoko panguva yacho. Muna 1901 gadziriro dzakaitwa dzokudhindwa chaiko kweHolman Linear Bible, rine zvinonyorwa zvomumucheto zvinotsanangura zvomuzvinyorwa zveSosaiti zva1895 kusvikira kuna 1901. Rugwaro rweBhaibheri rumene rwakapa King James Version neRevised Version zveMagwaro echiHebheru neechiGiriki. Chinyorwa chacho chose chamakopi 5 000 chakanga chaparadzirwa pakasvika gore ra1903.

10. Chinyorwai chaMagwaro echiGiriki icho Sosaiti yakava vabudisi vacho muna 1902?

¹⁰ The Emphatic Diaglott. Muna 1902 Watch Tower Society yakava varidzi bedzi vapamutemo vokudhinda, vabudisi bedzi, uye vaparadziri veThe Emphatic Diaglott. Ichi chinyorwa cheMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki chakagadzirirwa nomushanduri weBhaibheri wechiNgezi Benjamin Wilson, weGeneva, Illinois. Chakapedzwa muna 1864. Chakashandisa rugwaro rwechiGiriki rwaJ. J. Griesbach, neshanduro chaiyoiyo yechiNgezi yakanyorwa zvokuwedzera pakati pemitsara nechinyorwa chaWilson amene kurudyi achishandisa zviratidzo zvake chaizvo zvesimbiso.

11. Sosaiti yakabudisa rini “Bible Students Edition,” uye iyoyi yaiva nechii?

¹¹ Bible Students Edition. Muna 1907 Watch Tower Society yakabudisa “Bible Students Edition” yeBhaibheri. Iyi vhoriyamu yaiva nokudhindwa kwakajeka kweKing James Version yeBhaibheri uye yaibatanidza zvinonyorwa zvakaisvonaka zvomumucheto, pamwe chete neapendikisi inokosha yakagadzirwa neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Apendikisi yacho, iyo yakawedzerwa gare gare kusvikira kumapeji anopfuura 550, yakadanwa kunzi “Berean Bible Teachers Manual” uye yakabudiswawo muchimiro chakaparadzana chebhuku. Yaiva netsinhiro pfupi pamusoro pedzakawanda dzendima dzeBhaibheri, nenongedzero kuNharireyomurindi yechiNgezi nekumabhuku anofundwa eSosaiti, uye kupfupikiswa kwemisoro yorudzidziso namagwaro anokosha kuita kuti kupiwa kwadzo kuvamwe kuve nyore. Iyoyi yakanga yakafanana muchimiro nechinyorwa chapashure cheSosaiti chinonzi “Make Sure of All Things.” Zvaibatanidzwawo zvaiva indekisi yemisoro, kutsanangurwa kwamagwaro akaoma, ndaza yezvikamu zvenhema, indekisi yaMagwaro, kuverengwa kwenguva kwokuenzanisa, uye mepu 12. Iri Bhaibheri rakaisvonaka rakabatsira Zvapupu zvaJehovha kwamakumi amakore mubasa razvo rokuparidza pachena.

SOSAITI INODHINDA MABHAIBHERI

12. Sosaiti yakapinda rini mubasa rokudhinda maBhaibheri?

¹² Kwamakore 30 Watch Tower Society yakashandisa mafemu okunze kuti adhinde chaizvoizvo maBhaibheri ayo. Zvisinei, muna December 1926, The Emphatic Diaglott chakava chinyorwa chokutanga cheBhaibheri kudhindwa pamichina yokudhinda yeSosaiti imene paBrooklyn, New York. Kudhindwa kweichi chinyorwa cheMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki kwakanyandura tariro yokuti Bhaibheri rakakwana nerimwe zuva raizodhindwa pamichina yokudhinda yeSosaiti.

13. (a) Nderipi rakanga riri Bhaibheri rokutanga rakakwana rakadhindwa neSosaiti, uye rakabudiswa rini? (b) Ibetseroi dzaraiva nadzo?

¹³ King James Version. Hondo Yenyika II yakasimbisa kudikanwa kwokubudiswa kwakazvimirira kweBhaibheri rimene. Apo rwisano yenyika yose yakanga yave kunyanyisa, Sosaiti yakabudirira mukutenga maplate eBhaibheri reKing James Version rakakwana. Pakanga pari pana September 18, 1942, paGungano roUbati Ushe hwaMwari reNyika Itsva reZvapupu zvaJehovha, raiva nenzvimbo huru yegungano muCleveland, Ohio, apo purezidhendi weSosaiti akataura pamusoro penhau inoti “Kupa ‘Munondo Womudzimu.’” Somugumisiro wehurukuro yake, akabudisa iri Bhaibheri rokutanga rakakwana rakadhindwa mufekitari yeBrooklyn yeWatch Tower Society. Muapendikisi yaro rakagovera ndaza yamazita chaiwoiwo nerevo yawo, “Concordance of Bible Words and Expressions” yakagadzirwa chaizvo, uye dzimwe betsero. Musoro wakakodzera unodzokororwa pamapeji anotevedzana wakagoverwa pamusoro pepeji imwe neimwe. Somuenzaniso, “mhiko yechokwadi yaJefta” wakatsiva “mhiko yokukurumidza yaJefta” wegamuchidzanwa pana Vatongi 11, uye “Kuvapo asati ava munhu uye kuberekwa somunhu kweShoko raMwari” wakaonekwa pana Johane ganhuro 1.

14. Ishanduroi yakanatswa yeBhaibheri yakadhindwa neSosaiti muna 1944, uye mativii ayo iri Bhaibheri rinawo?

¹⁴ American Standard Version. Imwe shanduro inokosha yeBhaibheri iAmerican Standard Version ya1901. Ine rutivi runorumbidzwa zvikurusa rwokushandura zita raMwari sa“Jehovha” kanodokusvika ka7 000 muMagwaro echiHebheru. Pashure pekurukurirano refu, Watch Tower Society yakakwanisa kutenga, muna 1944, kushandiswa kwamaplate eBhaibheri reAmerican Standard Version rakakwana nokuda kwokudhinda pamichina yokudhinda yayo imene. Pana August 10, 1944, paBuffalo, New York, guta guru remagungano 17 akaitwa panguva imwe cheteyo eZvapupu zvaJehovha akabatanidzwa pamwe chete netambo dzorunhare dzavanhu, purezidhendi weSosaiti akafadza vateereri vake vakawanda kupfurikidza nokubudisa chinyorwa cheWatch Tower cheAmerican Standard Version. Apendikisi yacho inobatanidza “Concordance of Bible Words, Names, and Expressions” huru inobetsera zvikurusa. Chinyorwa chinokwana muhomwe cheBhaibheri rimwe chetero chakabudiswa muna 1958.

15. Ishanduroi yakaitwa neSosaiti muna 1972?

¹⁵ The Bible in Living English. Muna 1972 Watch Tower Society yakabudisa The Bible in Living English, rakashandurwa namushakabvu Steven T. Byington. Rinoshandura nenzira inowirirana zita raMwari sa“Jehovha.”

16. Nokudaro Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakabatikana mubasai rakapetwa kaviri?

¹⁶ Nokudaro, Zvapupu zvaJehovha hazvisi kuparidza bedzi mashoko akanaka oUmambo hwakagadzwa hwaMwari munyika dzinopfuura 200 nezvitsuwa mupasi rose asi zvakavawo vadhindi navabudisi, pamwero mukuru, veBhuku rinokosha iro rine shoko roUmambo iroro, Magwaro Matsvene akafuridzirwa naJehovha Mwari.

NEW WORLD TRANSLATION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES

17. (a) Zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvakawanda zvave zviri zvebetsero sei, asika zvine zvikanganisoi? (b) Kubvira muna 1946, purezidhendi weWatch Tower Society akanga ave achitsvakei?

¹⁷ Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoonga zvinyorwa zvose zvakawanda zveBhaibheri zvazvakashandisa mukufunda zvokwadi yeShoko raMwari. Zvisinei, shanduro dzose idzodzi, kunyange kusvikira kune yazvino uno zvikuru, dzine zvikanganiso zvadzo. Mune kusawirirana kana kuti kushandura kusingagutsi, uko kwakashatiswa nemagamuchidzanwa amasekete kana kuti uzivi hwenyika uye nokudaro hakusati kuchitsinhirana zvakazara nezvokwadi dzinoyera idzo Jehovha akanyora muShoko rake. Zvikurukuru kubvira muna 1946, purezidhendi weWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society akanga ave achitsvaka shanduro yakatendeka yeMagwaro kubva mumitauro yapakuvamba—shanduro inonzwisisika kuvaravi vazvino uno kungofanana nokunzwisisika kwaiita manyoro apakuvamba kuvanhu vakangwara, venhando venhambo imene yokunyora Bhaibheri.

18. Sosaiti yakasvika sei pakuva vabudisi navadhindi veNew World Translation?

¹⁸ Pana September 3, 1949, padzimbahwe reBrooklyn reSosaiti, purezidhendi akazivisa kuBoka Ravatungamiriri kuvako kweDare reShanduro yeBhaibheri reNyika Itsva uye kuti rakanga rapedza shanduro yazvino uno yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Gwaro redare racho rakaraviwa, iro dare racho rakagoverwa kupfurikidza naro uridzi, udzori, uye kubudiswa zvemanyoro eshanduro kuSosaiti, mukubvuma basa reSosaiti risiri resekete rokutsigira dzidzo yeBhaibheri mupasi rose. Zvikamu zvemanyoro acho zvakaraviwawo, semienzaniso yerudzi nokunaka kweshanduro yacho. Vatungamiriri vacho vakabvumirana vose mukugamuchira chipo cheshanduro yacho, uye gadziriro dzakaitwa dzokudhinda kwayo kwapakarepo. Kuronga zvakataipwa nokuda kwokudhinda kwakavamba pana September 29, 1949, uye pakasvika kuvamba kwezhizha ra1950, makumi ezviuru amakopi akapedzwa muchimiro chakabatanidzwa.

19. (a) New World Translation yakaoneka sei mumativi ayo? (b) Inhamburikoi yakanga yaitwa mukugadzirira aya mavhoriyamu?

¹⁹ Kubudisa New World Translation Mumativi Ayo. Pakanga pari paChitatu, August 2, 1950, pazuva rechina regungano razvo ramarudzi akawanda kuYankee Stadium, New York, apo vateereri vakashamiswa chose chose vane 82 075 veZvapupu zvaJehovha vakagamuchira nomwoyo wose kubudiswa kweNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Rakurudzirwa nokugamuchira kwokutanga kune mbavarira, pamwe chete nokuratidzirwa kwapashure kwokuonga kunaka kweshanduro yacho, Dare racho rakatevera kuita basa guru rokushandura Magwaro echiHebheru. Irori rakaoneka mumavhoriyamu mashanu okuwedzera, akabudiswa mukutevedzana kubvira muna 1953 kusvikira kuna 1960. Mavhoriyamu matanhatu akaumba raibhurari yeBhaibheri rose muchiNgezi chazvino uno. Vhoriyamu imwe neimwe yaivawo neyamuro dzinokosha kukufunda Bhaibheri. Dura guru ramashoko apaMagwaro nokudaro rakaitwa kuti riwanike kumudzidzi womuzuva razvino uno weBhaibheri. Nhamburiko yokushingaira yakanga yaitwa yokushandisa manyuko akavimbika ari ose emashoko amagwaro zvokuti New World Translation yaizotaura nenzira yakajeka uye nenzira yakarurama shoko rine simba raMagwaro akafuridzirwa apakuvamba.

20. Iyamuroi dzinokosha idzo chinyorwa chokutanga cheNew World Translation chaiva nadzo (a) mumashoko ayo omuzasi, (b) nongedzero dzemumucheto, uye (c) mashoko okutanga neapendikisi?

²⁰ Pakati peyamuro dzekufunda Bhaibheri muchinyorwa chokutanga chamativi matanhatu cheNew World Translation pakanga pane muunganidzwa unokosha wamashoko omuzasi amagwaro, uchipa ruzivo rwekare kukushandura kwacho. Muizvi zvinonyorwa zvibvumikiso zvine simba mukudzivirira Magwaro zvakaitwa kuti zviwanike. Muitiro unokosha wenongedzero inotevedzana wakabatanidzwawo. Iyi nhevedzano yemashoko anokosha edzidziso yakaitirwa kutungamirira mudzidzi kunhevedzano yamagwaro anokosha pamusoro peidzi nhau. Makanga mune nongedzero zhinji dzokurumwe rutivi mumucheto memapeji acho. Idzodzi dzakatungamirira muravi (a) kumashoko anowirirana, (b) mifungo inowirirana, pfungwa, uye zviitiko, (c) mashoko enhau youpenyu, (d) mashoko ejogirafi, (e) zadziko dzouporofita, uye (f) kunokorwa kwamashoko kwakananga kuri mukati kana kuti kunobva mumamwe mativi eBhaibheri. Mumavhoriyamu acho makanga munewo mashoko okutanga anokosha, mienzaniso yamamwe manyoro akare, apendikisi neindekisi zvinobetsera, uye mepu dzenyika dzeBhaibheri nenzvimbo. Ichi chinyorwa chokutanga cheNew World Translation chakagovera mugodhi wendarama wefundo yeBhaibheri yomunhu oga uye wokudzidziswa kunobetsera kwavanhu vane mwoyo yakatendeseka neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Chinyorwa chaicho chomudzidzi, chakabudiswa muvhoriyamu imwe mukudhindwa kwemakopi 150 000, chakabudiswa gare gare pana June 30, 1963, pakutangwa kweGungano reZvapupu zvaJehovha re“Mashoko Akanaka Asingaperi” kuMilwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

21. (a) Ndeapi akanga ari mamirire ezvinhu okubudiswa kweNew World Translation yakahwirudzurwa? (b) Ndeapi akanga ari mamwe amativi ayo?

²¹ Chinyorwa Chakahwirudzurwa Chevhoriyamu Imwe. Muzhizha ra1961, panhevedzano yemagungano eZvapupu zvaJehovha akaitwa muUnited States neEurope, chinyorwa chakahwirudzurwa cheNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yakakwana muvhoriyamu imwe iri nyore kutakura chakabudiswa nokuda kwokuparadzira. Chakagamuchirwa nomufaro nemazana ezviuru ayo akapinda aya magungano. Chakasungwa mujira regirini, chaiva nemapeji 1 472 uye chakanga chine konikodhenzi yakaisvonaka, apendikisi pamisoro yeBhaibheri, uye mepu.

22, 23. Zvimwe zvinyorwai zvakabudiswa, uye ndeapi ari mamwe amativi azvo?

²² Zvimwe Zvinyorwa. Muna 1969 The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures yakabudiswa, nechinyorwa chechipiri chakabudiswa muna 1985. Iyi vhoriyamu inogovera shanduro chaiyoiyo yechiNgezi yorugwaro rwechiGiriki rwakapepetwa naWestcott naHort pamwe chete neshanduro yechiNgezi chomuzuva razvino uno yechinyorwa cha1984 cheNew World Translation. Nokudaro kunozarura kumudzidzi weBhaibheri anokoshesa izvo chiGiriki chapakuvamba chinotaura zvikurukuru kana kuti chaizvoizvo.

²³ Hwirudzurwo yechipiri yeNew World Translation yakabudiswa muna 1970, uye hwirudzurwo yechitatu ine mashoko omuzasi yakatevera muna 1971. PaKokorodzano Dzoruwa dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha dze“Wedzero yoUmambo,” dzakaitwa muna 1984, chinyorwa chakahwirudzurwa chine nongedzero chakabudiswa muchiNgezi. Chinobatanidza kuwiriraniswa nomusi kwakakwana nokuhwirudzurwa kwenongedzero (dzokurumwe rutivi) dzemumucheto idzo dzakapiwa pakutanga muchiNgezi kubvira muna 1950 kusvikira kuna 1960. Chakagadzirirwa mudzidzi weBhaibheri anofunga, chine nongedzero dzemumucheto dzinopfuura 125 000, mashoko omuzasi anopfuura 11 000, konikodhenzi huru, mepu, uye nyaya 43 dzomuapendikisi. Uyewo muna 1984, chinyorwa choukuru hwenguva dzose chehwirudzuro ya1984, nenongedzero dzemumucheto asi chisina mashoko omuzasi, chakaitwa kuti chiwanikwe.

24. (a) Ndedzipi dziri dzimwe dzebetsero dzezvinyorwa zvose zviri zviviri chenguva dzose uye chine nongedzero? (b) Enzanisira kushandiswa kwemisoro inodzokororwa pamapeji anotevedzana.

²⁴ Betsero. Kuti zviyamure muravi mukukurumidza kuwana mashoko api naapi anoshuviwa, zvinyorwa zvose zviri zviviri zvenguva dzose nezvenongedzero zvine musoro unodzokororwa pamapeji anotevedzana wakagadzirwa nokungwarira pamusoro pepeji imwe neimwe. Iyi misoro inodzokororwa pamapeji anotevedzana inorondedzera mashoko ari pasi, uye yakarongwa zvikurukuru kuyamura muparidzi woUmambo mukukurumidza kuwana magwaro mumhinduro dzemibvunzo ingamubvunzwa. Somuenzaniso, angave achiedza kuwana zano pamusoro pokurovedzwa kwavana. Achisvika kupeji 860 (chinyorwa chenguva dzose) muna Zvirevo, anoona chikamu chamashoko chikuru chokupedzisira, “A good name.” Sezvo ichochi chiri chikamu chamashoko chokupedzisira chomusoro, chinoratidzira kuti nhau yacho ichaoneka pedyo nomugumo wepeji iyoyo, uye ndipo paanochiwana, pana Zvirevo 22:1. Rugwaro runoziviswa nourwu rutivi rwokutanga rwomusoro unodzokororwa pamapeji anotevedzana papeji 861, “Train up a boy,” anowana pakuvamba papeji yacho, pandima 6. Chinhu chinotevera chomusoro wacho chinorava kuti, “Not spare the rod.” Aya mashoko anowanwa pedyo nepasi pechikamu chokutanga, mundima 15. Iyi misoro inodzokororwa pamapeji anotevedzana pamusoro pemapeji inogona kuva yamuro huru kumuparidzi woUmambo uyo anoziva inowanzova nzvimbo yamagwaro ayo ari kutsvaka. Vanogona kuzarura Bhaibheri nokuda kwechiito chokukurumidza.

25. Ibetseroi yekonikodhenzi inogoverwa, uye iyoyi ingashandiswa munzirai dzinoshanda?

²⁵ Shure kwezvinyorwa zvose zviri zviviri chenguva dzose nechine nongedzero zveiri Bhaibheri, kune rutivi runonzi “Bible Words Indexed.” Muno munowanwa zviuru zvamashoko eBhaibheri anokosha pamwe chete nemitsara yamashoko akapoteredza. Basa rekonikodhenzi nokudaro rinoitwa kuti riwanikwe, kubatanidza mhatsa huru yemashoko matsva, anorondedzera anoshandiswa murugwaro rwacho. Nokuda kwaavo vakarovedzana neshanduro dzeKing James Version, betsero inopiwa mukuita chinjo dzakawanda kubva mumashoko eBhaibheri rechiNgezi rekare zvikuru kuenda kumashoko eBhaibheri azvino uno zvikuru. Rangarira, somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti “grace” muKing James Version. Irori rakarongwa muindekisi, richinongedzera mudzidzi kuna “undeserved kindness,” kutaura kunowirirana nomusi kunoshandiswa mushanduro itsva. Indekisi yamashoko inobvirisa kuwana Magwaro pamusoro penhau huru dzedzidziso, dzakadai se“mweya” kana kuti “rudzikinuro,” anotsigira fundo ine udzame inobva zvakananga mumagwaro eBhaibheri. Muparidzi woUmambo uyo anokumbirwa kuparidza pamusoro peipi neipi yeidzi nhau dzakatanhamara angagona pakarepo kushandisa zvikamu zvipfupi zvemashoko akapoteredza anogoverwa mukonikodhenzi iyi. Mukuwedzera, nongedzero dzinokosha dzinorongwa nokuda kwamazita chaiwoiwo akatanhamara, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzejogirafi pamwe chete navanhu vomuBhaibheri vakatanhamara. Yamuro inokosha nokudaro inopiwa kuvadzidzi vose veBhaibheri vanoshandisa iyi shanduro.

26. Ratidzira imwe yenzira umo apendikisi yeNew World Translation iri yebetsero.

²⁶ Apendikisi younyanzvi inopa mamwe mashoko akarurama anobetsera nokuda kwokudzidzisa. Zvinhu zveapendikisi zvakarongwa munzira yakadaro zvokuti zvinogona kushandiswa seyamuro mukutsanangura dzidziso dzeBhaibheri dzehwaro nenhau dzinowirirana. Somuenzaniso, mukubata nenhau yokuti “soul,” apendikisi, pasi pemisoro misere yakasiyana-siyana, inoronga Magwaro anoratidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana umo shoko rokuti “soul” (chiHebheru, neʹphesh) rinoshandiswa. Mifananidzo nemepu zvinogoverwawo muzvinhu zveapendikisi. Reference Bible ine apendikisi huru zvikuru pamwe chete namashoko omuzasi anobetsera ayo anogovera mashoko orugwaro anokosha nenzira yakapfava. Nokudaro, New World Translation yakatanhamara nokuda kwemhatsa yebetsero dzainogovera nokuda kwokuita kuti zivo yakarurama ikurumidze kushandiswa navaravi vayo.

27, 28. Tsanangura uye ratidzira nzira iyo New World Translation inoratidzira nayo kududzwa kwamazita chaiwoiwo.

²⁷ Yamuro Mukududza Mazita emuBhaibheri. Murugwaro rwechiNgezi irwo rwumene, zvinyorwa zvose zveNew World Translation zvinopa yamuro mukududzwa kwamazita chaiwoiwo. Muitiro wacho ndomumwe chetewo nouyo wakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yeRevised Standard Version ya1952. Zita chairoiro rinodimburwa kuva masyllable anochengetwa akaparadzana nedododo kana kuti nechiratidzo chokusimbisa syllable kana kuti shoko (ʹ). Chiratidzo chokusimbisa syllable kana kuti shoko chinotevera syllable apo simbiso huru inofanira kuiswa mukududza shoko racho. Kana syllable ine chiratidzo chokusimbisa ichiguma nevhawero, ipapo vhawero yacho yakareba mukududzwa kwayo. Kana syllable ichiguma nekonzonendi, ipapo vhawero iri musyllable iyoyo ipfupi mukududzwa kwayo.

²⁸ Somuenzaniso, cherekedza Jobho 4:1, (NW). Pano panotaura nezva“Elʹi·phaz the Teʹman·ite.” Nepo kusimbisa muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri kuchiva pasyllable yokutanga, vara rokuti “e” rinofanira kududzwa nenzira yakasiyana muizvi zviitiko zviviri. Muna “Elʹi·phaz” chiratidzo chokusimbisa syllable kana kuti shoko chiri pashure pekonzonendi “l” chinoita kuti vhawero “e” rive pfupi, somuna “end.” Nepo, muna “Teʹman·ite” kusimbisa kuri pashure chaipo pevhawero “e” kunoita kuti ive refu, sa“e” wokutanga muna “Eden.” Apo mavhawero maviri “a” na“i” anobatanidzwa, somuna “Morʹde·cai” pana Estere 2:5 uye “Sinai” pana Eksodho 19:1, “ai” anongodudzwa sa“i” akareba.

29. New World Translation inongova kuhwirudzurwa zvako kweshanduro dzapakuvamba zvikuru here, uye mativii anotsigira mhinduro yako?

²⁹ Shanduro Itsva. New World Translation ishanduro itsva yakabva mumitauro yeBhaibheri yapakuvamba yechiHebheru, chiAramaic, uye chiGiriki. Haisati ichitongova kuhwirudzurwa kweimwe shanduro ipi neipi yechiNgezi, uyewo haitevedzeri chimwe chinyorwa chipi nechipi pamusoro pomuitiro, mashoko, kana kuti mutoo wokunzwika pakurava. Nokuda kwechikamu chechiHebheru nechiAramaic, rugwaro rwakasanonatswa norunogamuchirwa kwose kwose rweBiblia Hebraica yaRudolf Kittel, chinyorwa chechi7, chechi8, uye chechi9 (1951-55), chakashandiswa. Chinyorwa chitsva chorugwaro rwechiHebheru chinozivikanwa seBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, cha1977, chakashandiswa nokuda kwokuwiriranisa nomusi mashoko anopiwa mumashoko omuzasi eNew World Translation—With References. Chikamu chechiGiriki chakashandurwa zvikurukuru kubva murugwaro rukuru rwechiGiriki rwakagadzirwa naWestcott naHort, chakabudiswa muna 1881. Zvisinei, Dare Reshanduro yeBhaibheri Renyika Itsva rakanzverawo mamwe magwaro echiGiriki, kubatanidza rugwaro rwechiGiriki rwaNestle (1948). Kurondedzerwa kweaya magwaro makuru akaisvonaka kunopiwa muFundo 5 ne6 dzevhoriyamu ino. Dare rekushandura rakaita shanduro yakasimba neyakarurama yeBhaibheri, uye ikoku kwakaguma norugwaro rwakajeka uye rupenyu, kuchizarura nzira kunzwisiso huru zvikuru, inogutsa zvikuru yeShoko raMwari.

30. Ndokupi kuri kurangarira kwomumwe muongorori iyi shanduro?

³⁰ Cherekedza kurangarira kwomumwe muongorori iyi shanduro: “Kushandurwa kwapakuvamba kwaMagwaro echiHebheru kuisa mumutauro wechiNgezi kushomanene zvikuru. Naizvozvo kunotipa mufarwa mukuru kugamuchira kubudiswa kwerutivi rwokutanga rweNew World Translation [yaMagwaro echiHebheru], Genesi kusvikira kuna Rute. . . . Ichi chinyorwa sezviri pachena chakaita nhamburiko chaiyo yokuva chinoravika chose chose. Hapana munhu angagona kutaura kuti chine zvikanganiso mukuva chitsva nechekutanga. Mashoko acho haana kutongovakirwa paayo ezvinyorwa zvomunguva yakapfuura.”b

31. Imwe nyanzvi yechiHebheru yakarangarira sei New World Translation?

³¹ Nyanzvi yechiHebheru Purofesa Dr. Benjamin Kedar weIsrael, mubvunzurudzo nomumiriri weWatch Tower Society, akarangarira New World Translation sezvinotevera: “Mukunzvera kwangu mitauro pamusoro peBhaibheri rechiHebheru neshanduro, kazhinji kazhinji ndinonongedzera kuchinyorwa chechiNgezi cheinozivikanwa seNew World Translation. Mukuita saizvozvo, ndinowana kurangarira kwangu kuchisimbiswa kwasimbiswazve kuti iri bhuku rinoratidzira nhamburiko yokutendeseka yokuwana kunzwisiswa kworugwaro kuri kwakarurama sezvinobvira. Ichipa ufakazi hwokuziva zvikuru mutauro wapakuvamba, inoshandura mashoko apakuvamba kuisa mumutauro wechipiri nenzira inonzwisisika pasina kutsauka zvisiri madikanwa pachimiro chaichoicho chechiHebheru. . . . Kutaurwa kuri kwose kwomutauro kunobvumira rusununguko rwakati mukududzira kana kuti kushandura. Naizvozvo mhinduro yomutauro muchiitiko chipi nechipi chinopiwa ingakurukurwa. Asi handina kutongowana muNew World Translation vavariro ipi neipi yakaipa yokuwana revo murugwaro iyo rwusina.”c

32. New World Translation chaiyoiyo kusvikira kutambanukoi, uye nebetseroi?

³² Shanduro Chaiyoiyo. Kutendeka pamusoro peshanduro kunoratidzirwawo mukuva kwayo chaiyoiyo. Ikoku kunoda kuwirirana kunodokuva kweshoko neshoko pakati peshanduro iri muchiNgezi nemagwaro echiHebheru neechiGiriki. Mukupiwa kworugwaro mumutauro uyo runoshandurirwa mauri, mwero wokuva chaizvoizvo unofanira kuva wakakwirira sezvinobvumidza dimikira romutauro wapakuvamba. Kupfuurirazve, kuva chaizvoizvo kunoda kuti nhevedzano yamashoko yokushandura kuzhinjisa ive imwe cheteyo somuchiHebheru kana kuti chiGiriki, nokudaro kuchichengeta simbiso yamanyoro apakuvamba. Kupfurikidza nekushandura chaikoiko, kunakidza, kunaka, uye mutoo wokunzwika pakurava zvamanyoro apakuvamba zvingasvitswa nenzira yakarurama.

33. Kubva parugwaro chairwoirwo panhambo nenhambo kwakacherekedzwa sei?

³³ Kwave kune kubva kwepanhambo nenhambo murugwaro chairwoirwo, nokuda kwechinangwa chokupa mumashoko anonzwisisika kutaura kwechiHebheru kana kuti kwechiGiriki kwakaoma. Zvisinei, muchinyorwa chine nongedzero cheNew World Translation, iwaya akadanirwa kungwariro yomuravi kupfurikidza namashoko omuzasi ayo anopa kushandura chaikoiko.

34. (a) Chii chinobva mukusiya kushandura chaikoiko? (b) Enzanisira.

³⁴ Vashanduri veBhaibheri vakawanda vakasiya kuva chaizvoizvo nokuda kwezvavanorangarira kuva kunatswa kwomutauro nechimiro. Vanotaura kuti kushandura chaikoiko hakufadzi, kwakaoma, uye kunoganhurira. Zvisinei, kusiya kwavo shanduro chaiyoiyo kwakaparira, kupfurikidza nokutanga kunyora namamwe mashoko uye dudziro, kubva kwakawanda pakutaurwa kwakarurama kwapakuvamba kwezvokwadi. Ivo, chaizvoizvo, vakanetesa mifungo imene yaMwari. Somuenzaniso, mufundisi akarega basa weyunivhesiti huru yeAmerica akambopomera Zvapupu zvaJehovha mhosva yokuparadza runako nekunatswa kweBhaibheri. NeBhaibheri aireva King James Version, iyo yakanga yanguve ichiremekedzwa somupimo wechiNgezi chakaisvonaka. Iye akati: ‘Tarirai zvamakaita kuPisarema 23. Makaparadza kunakidza kwaro norunako nokuti kwenyu “Je/ho/vah is/ my/ shep/herd.” Masyllable manomwe panzvimbo pamatanhatu. Kunokatyamadza. Hazvina kuti tsetsetere. Hapana mutoo wokunzwika pakurava. King James yakarurama namasyllable ayo matanhatu akati tsetsetere—“The/ Lord/ is/ my/ shep/herd.”’ Kwakanyunyutwa kuna purofesa wacho kuti kwakanga kuchikosha zvikuru kukutaura nenzira iyo Dhavhidhi, munyori weBhaibheri, akakutaura nayo. Dhavhidhi akashandisa shokowo zvaro rokuti “Ishe,” kana kuti akashandisa zita raMwari here? Purofesa wacho akabvuma kuti Dhavhidhi akashandisa zita raMwari, asi akangoita nharo kuti nokuda kworunako nokunaka, shoko rokuti “Ishe” raizotenderwa. Ipembedzo isina kusimba zvakadini yokubvisa zita raJehovha rakaisvonaka muiri pisarema kurumbidzo yake!

35. Tingaonga Mwari nokuda kwechii, uye ndeipi iri tariro yedu nomunyengetero?

³⁵ Zviuru zveshanduro zvakakanganiswa neiyi nzira nemhaka yokuda mufungo womunhu worunako rwomutauro, kuchiguma nokusarurama muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zveBhaibheri. Mwari ngaaongwe kuti akagovera New World Translation, iine rugwaro rwayo rweBhaibheri rwakajeka uye rwakarurama! Zita rake guru, Jehovha, ngaritsveneswe mumwoyo yavose vanoirava!

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Chati iri papeji 322]

DZIMWE SHANDURO HURU DZEBHAIBHERI MUMITAURO MIKURU MINOMWE

CHINGEZI

kashomanene)

CHISPANISH

Moderna 1893 M Jehová Scrivener

CHIPUTUKEZI

Figueiredo* 1778-90 Vulgate Senhor Vulgate

Jerusalém* 1976, 1981 M Iahweh ChiGiriki

CHIGERMAN

Luther* 1522, 1534 M HErr Erasmus

Zürcher 1531 M Herr, Jahwe ChiGiriki

Menge 1926 M HErr ChiGiriki

CHIFRENCH

Darby 1859, 1885 M Eternel ChiGiriki

Crampon* 1894-1904 M Jéhovah Merk

Osty* 1973 M Yahvé ChiGiriki

CHIDUTCH (NETHERLANDS)

CHITARIANA

Diodati 1607, 1641 M Signore ChiGiriki

Nardoni* 1960 M Signore, Jahweh ChiGiriki

Garofalo* 1960 M Jahve, Signore ChiGiriki

CEI* 1971 M Signore ChiGiriki

* Kanyeredzi kanoratidzira kuti Apocrypha yakabatanidzwa asi ingasaoneka muzvinyorwa zvose.

“M” anonongedzera kurugwaro rwavaMasorete. Apo anenge ari oga, hapana chinyorwa chaicho chorugwaro rwavaMasorete chinodudzwa.

“BHK” anonongedzera kuBiblia Hebraica raKittel.

“UBS” anonongedzera kuThe Greek New Testament, yakashandurwa neUnited Bible Societies.

“BHS” anonongedzera kuBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia.

“ChiGiriki” anoratidzira shanduro yakaitwa kubva muchiGiriki, asi hapana rugwaro chairwo runoratidzirwa.