‘Kurwisana Nezivo—Inonzarwo Zvenhema’
ZVOKWADI inokosha sei kwauri? Kunokuvhiringidza here kuti nhema yakashatisa, kunyange kuvanza, zvokwadi pamusoro poMusiki wedenga napasi? Ikoku kwakavhiringidza zvikuru kwazvo Irenaeus, aiti muKristu womuzana ramakore rechipiri reNguva yedu yaVose. Iye akavavarira kuratidza zvisina kururama zvine ngozi zvechiGnosticism, chimiro chakawa pakutenda chechiKristu. Pamberi pezvi, muapostora Pauro akanyevera Timotio kubva pa‘zivo inonzarwo zvenhema’ yakadaro.—1 Timotio 6:20, 21.
Irenaeus akataura noushingi achirwisana nedzidziso isina kururama. Somuenzaniso, rangarira izvo iye akataura musumo kubhuku rake guru rine musoro unoti “The Refutation and Overthrow of the Knowledge Falsely So Called.” Iye akanyora, kuti: “Vanhu vakati, vachiramba zvokwadi, vari kupinza pakati pedu nhau dzenhema nemitsara yedzinza isina maturo, izvo zvinobatira panzvimbo pezvo kakavadzano, sezvakataura muapostora [1 Timotio 1:3, 4], kupfuura basa raMwari rokuvaka mukutenda. Kupfurikidza namashoko avo akarongwa namanomano ivo vanotsausa ndangariro dzavasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uye vanovatapa, vachishatisa nzvimbo dzaShe, uye vachiva vatsananguri vakaipa vechakasanotaurwa.”
VaGnostic (kubva mushoko rechiGiriki gnoʹsis, rinoreva “zivo”) vaiti vane zivo yakakwirira kupfurikidza nechizaruro chakavanzika uye vaiganza kuti ivo vakanga vari “varuramisi vavaapostora.” ChiGnosticism chakabatanidza uzivi, fungidziro, uye zvakavanzika zvechihedheni nechiKristu chakawa pakutenda. Irenaeus akaramba kugoverana muchipi nechipi chaikoku. Panzvimbo pezvo, iye akatanga pahondo youpenyu hwose yokurwisana nedzidziso dzenhema. Pasina panikiro iye aisanoziva kudikanwa kwokushandisa nyevero yomuapostora Pauro, inoti: “Chenjerai, kuti murege kutapwa nomunhu une uchenjeri, nokunyengera kusina maturo, achitevera tsika dzavanhu nezvokuvamba zvenyika, asingateveri Kristu.”—VaKorose 2:8; 1 Timotio 4:7.
Upenyu Hwapakuvamba Noushumiri
Zvishomanene zvinozivikanwa nezvoupenyu hwapakuvamba nenhau yomunhu oga zvaIrenaeus. Kunowanzofungidzirwa kuti iye akanga ari mugari weAsia Minor, akaberekwa pakati pa 120 N.V. na 140 N.V. muguta reSmirna kana kuti pedyo naro. Irenaeus anopupurira somunhu oga kuti muupwere hwake hwapakuvamba, akanga akarovedzana naPolycarp, mutariri weungano yeSmirna.
Achidzidza mutarisiro yaPolycarp, Irenaeus sezviri pachena akava shamwari yaFlorinus. Polycarp akanga ari chikochekedzo chipenyu kuvaapostora. Iye aitsanangura zvizere Magwaro uye airumbidza zvakasimba namatiro kudzidziso dzaJesu Kristu navaapostora Vake. Pasinei zvapo neiyi rovedzo yakaisvonaka yapaMagwaro, zvisinei, Florinus gare gare akapinda mudzidziso dzaValentinus, mutungamiriri akatanhamara zvikurusa wesangano ravaGnostic!
Irenaeus aida kuti shamwari yake naaichimbova musonganiri Florinus adzorerwe kudzidziso yakanaka yapaMagwaro ndokununurwa muchiValentinianism. Naizvozvo, Irenaeus akasundwa kunyora tsamba kuna Florinus, achiti: “Idzi dzidziso, Florinus, . . . hadzisi dzenzwisiso yakanaka; idzi dzidziso hadziwirirani nechechi, uye dzinobatanidza avo vanodzitevera mukusava noumwari kukurusa; . . . idzi dzidziso vakuru vaiva pamberi pedu, uye vaiziva vaapostora, havana kugamuchidza kwauri.”
Achiedza kuyeuchidza Florinus nezverovedzo yakaisvonaka yakagamuchirwa patsoka dzaPolycarp akatanhamara, Irenaeus akapfuurira, kuti: “Ndinoyeuka zvinoitika zvenguva idzodzo . . . zvokuti ndinokwanisa kuziva kunyange nzvimbo umo Polycarp akanga akakomborerwa aiwanzogara ndokukurukura . . . Uyewo kutaura kwaaita nezvesonganirano yake yakarovedzeka naJohane, uye navasara vose vaavo vakanga vaona Ishe; kuti aisirondedzerawo sei mashoko acho.”
Florinus akayeuchidzwa kuti Polycarp akadzidzisa zvaakanga agamuchira “kuzvapupu zvakaona zveShoko roupenyu, [uye akanga] arondedzera zvose mutsinhirano naMagwaro. Zvinhu izvozvi, kupfurikidza nengoni dzaMwari zvakapiwa kwandiri, ini ipapo ndakanzwa, ndichizvinyora, kwete papepa asi mumwoyo mangu; uye nguva dzose nenyasha dzaMwari ndinoyeuka zvinhu izvozvi nenzira yakarurama mundangariro yangu. Uye [pamusoro pechiValentinianism] ndinokwanisa kupupurira pamberi paMwari kuti kana mukuru iyeyu womuapostora [Polycarp] akanga anzwa chinhu chakadaro, angadai akadanidzira ndokudzivira nzeve dzake . . . Angadai akatiza achibva munzvimbo umo, akagara kana kuti akamira, akanga anzwira mashoko akadaro.”
Hapana chinyorwa chokuti Florinus akambopindura tsamba inoorora neine simba yaIrenaeus. Asi mashoko aIrenaeus anozivisa itiro hanya yake yechokwadi nokuda kweshamwari yake inodiwa yakanga yasiya nzira yezvokwadi ndokutera kukuwa pakutenda.—Enzanisa na 2 VaTesaronika 2:3, 7-12.
Hakuzivikanwi apo Irenaeus akavamba kugara muGaul (France). Mugore ra 177 N.V., iye akanga achibatira somutariri muungano yapaLyons. Kunoshumwa kuti ushumiri hwake ikoko hwakanga huchibudirira zvikuru. Kutaura idi, wezvenhau Gregory weTours akashuma kuti Irenaeus munguva pfupi akanga abudirira mukutendeutsira vaLyons vose kuchiKristu. Pasina panikiro, ikoku kwakanga kuri kukatutsira.
Kurwisana Nedzidziso Dzisiri Dzechokwadi
Bhuku guru raIrenaeus, “The Refutation and Overthrow of the Knowledge Falsely So Called,” raiwanzonongedzerwa kwariri nezita rokuti “Against Heresies.” Rakakamuraniswa kuva mabhuku mashanu. Maviri okutanga ane kurondedzerwa kwokutsoropodza kwezvitendero zvamasekete akasiana-siana edzidziso dzisiri dzechokwadi, zvikurukuru dzidziso isiri yechokwadi yaValentinius. Mumabhuku matatu asara, Irenaeus anoedza kuonesa “zvibvumikiso zvinobva muMagwaro.”
Musumo kubhuku rake rechitatu “Against Heresies,” Irenaeus anonyora, kuti: “Naizvozvo rangarira zvandataura mumabhuku maviri apfuura; uye kupfurikidza nokuwedzera irori kwaari uchabva nemhinduro inobva kwandiri yakazara yokurwisana nedzidziso dzose dzisiri dzechokwadi, uye uchakwanisa kudzidzivisa nokutendeka uye noushingi nokuda kwokutenda kumwe kwechokwadi nokunopa upenyu, uko Chechi yakagamuchira kuvaapostora uye inopa kuvana vayo. Nokuti Ishe wavose akapa kuvaapostora vake simba reevhangeri, uye kupfurikidza navo isu takadzidzawo zvokwadi, ndiko kuti, dzidziso yoMwanakomana waMwari—seizvo Ishe akataura kwavari, ‘Iye anokunzwai anonzwa ini, uye anokushorai anoshora ini, uye uyo akandituma.’”
Kunyange zvazvo Irenaeus akabvuma kuti akanga asiri munyori akanaka, akanga akatsunga kuratidzira mativi ose e“dzidziso dzakaipa” dzechiGnosticism. Iye anonokora mashoko uye anotsinhira pamusoro pamagwaro akawanda uye anobvumikisa nenzira younyanzvi mukurwisana ne“vadzidzisi venhema” va“masekete anoparadza.” (2 Petro 2:1-3, NW) Kunoratidzika kuti Irenaeus aiva nechitambudzo mukuunganidza bhuku rake kuva muchimiro chinogutsa. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti iye akanga aunganidza mashoko oukuru hukuru.
Kuratidzira kwaIrenaeus sezvinooneka kwakaoneswa pashure pengwariro huru nefundo huru. Zvibvumikiso zvake zvirefu zvinogovera mashoko akawanda pamanyuko echiGnosticism. Manyoro aIrenaeus iindekisiwo inokosha yeyakati kuti yemirangariro yapaMagwaro ichine vanoti vanamatiri kuShoko raMwari pamugumo wezana ramakore rechipiri N.V.
Irenaeus anosimbisa asimbisazve chitendero muna “Mwari mumwe, Baba Wamasimba ose, uyo akaita denga, uye napasi, uye makungwa, uye zvose zviri mazviri, uye muna Kristu Jesu mumwe, mwanakomana waMwari, uyo akaitwa nyama nokuda kworuponeso rwedu.” Aya maidi akarambwa navaGnostic!
Achiramba Gnostic Docetism (dzidziso yokuti Kristu haana kutongouya muchimiro chomunhu), Irenaeus akanyora: “Kristu anofanira kuva munhu, kufanana nesu, kana iye aizotidzikinura mukuora ndokutiita kuti tikwane. Sezvo chivi norufu zvakapinda munyika nomunhu mumwe, naizvozvo ivo vaigona kudzimwa pamutemo uye mukubetserwa kwedu bedzi nomunhu; kunyange zvazvo, chokwadi, kwete nomunhu anofanira kuva muzukuruwo zvake waAdhama, uye nokudaro iye amene achida kudzikinurwa, asi naAdhama wechipiri, akaberekwa nenzira inopfuura yohunhu, rudzi rutsva rwedzinza redu.” (1 VaKorinte 15:45) Pane rumwe rutivi, vaGnostic vaiva vaDualist, vachidavira kuti zvinhu zvomudzimu zvakanga zvakanaka asi kuti zvinhu zvose nenyama zvakanga zvakashata. Somuuyo, ivo vakaramba munhu Jesu Kristu.
Vachirangarira kuti nyama yose yakaipa, vaGnostic vakarambawo roorano nokubereka, vachitaura kuti Satani akavamba izvozvi. Ivo vakatoti uchenjeri hwakavambwa nenyoka muEdheni! Uyu murangariro wakaguma nemitoo youpenyu yokunyanyisa, kuzvinyima kana kuti zvimwe kunyanyisa kwokunyama. Vachitaura kuti ruponeso rwakauya bedzi kupfurikidza nechiGnosticism chechienzi, kana kuti zivo yavo vamene, ivo havana kusiya nzvimbo yezvokwadi yeShoko raMwari.
Mukupesana, zvibvumikiso zvaIrenaeus zvakabatanidza chitendero muMireniyumu ndokuratidzira nzwisiso yakati yekariro youpenyu hwomunguva yemberi hune rugare pasi pano. Iye akavavarira kubatanidza mapoka anokura enguva yake kupfurikidza nokushandisa Shoko rine simba raMwari. Uye iye anowanzoyeukwa nokuda kwokufunga kwake kwakajeka, nzwisiso yakapinza, uye chisarudzo chakanaka.
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachipa mbiri Irenaeus (uyo akafa munenge muna 200 N.V.) yokusimudzira dzidziso dzechokwadi dzokutenda kwechiKristu, kunofanira kuyeukwa kuti yake yakanga iri nguva yechinjo nokuwa pakutenda kwakadeya kutaurwa. Padzimwe nguva, zvibvumikiso zvake hazvina kuti jekei, kunyange kupokanidza. Kunyanguvezvo, tinokoshesa zvikuru chipupuriro chavanhu vakataura zvakashinga vachida Shoko rakafuridzirwa raMwari panzvimbo pamagamuchidzanwa avanhu.