Chirairo chaShe—Chinofanira Kuchengetwa Kazhinji Sei?

KRISIMISI, Isita, mazuva a“vasande.” Mazororo akawanda namadyo zvinochengetwa nechechi dzechiKristudhomu. Asi unoziva here kuti kuchengeta kungani uko Jesu Kristu akaraira vateveri vake kuchengeta? Mhinduro ndeiyi, Kumwe chete! Hapana namamwe amamwe madyo akabvumirwa noMuvambi wechiKristu.

Nenzira yakajeka, kana Jesu akavamba kuchengeta kumwe bedzi, kunokosha zvikuru. MaKristu anofanira kukuchengeta chaizvoizvo seizvo Jesu akaraira. Chii chakanga chiri uku kuchengeta bedzi?

Kuchengeta Kumwe

Uku kuchengeta kwakatangwa naJesu zuva raakafa. Iye akanga achengeta madyo echiJudha ePaseka ane vaapostora vake. Ipapo akapfuudza chimwe chechingwa chisina kuviriswa chePaseka kwavari, achiti: “Ichi muviri wangu, unopiwemi.” Tevere, Jesu akapfuudza mukombe wewaini, achiti: “Mukombe uyu isungano itsva muropa rangu, rinoteurirwemi.” Akatiwo: “Rambai muchiita ikoku muchindiyeuka.” (Ruka 22:19, 20; 1 VaKorinte 11:24-26, NW) Uku kuchengeta kunonzi Chirairo chaShe, kana kuti Chirangaridzo. Ndiko kuchengeta bedzi uko Jesu akaraira vateveri vake kuchengeta.

Chechi dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti dzinova nouku kuchengeta pamwe chete namamwe madyo adzo ose, asi zhinjisa dzinokuchengeta zvakasiana nenzira iyo Jesu akaraira. Zvichida musiano unokosha zvikurusa huzhinji hwokuchengeta kwacho. Dzimwe chechi dzinokuchengeta mwedzi nomwedzi, vhiki nevhiki, kunyange zuva nezuva. Ikoku ndiko uko Jesu akarangarira here apo akaudza vateveri vake, kuti: “Rambai muchiita ikoku muchindiyeuka”? The New English Bible inoti: “Itai ikoku sechirangaridzo changu.” (1 VaKorinte 11:24, 25) Chirangaridzo kana kuti kuchengeta kwegore negore kunochengetwa kazhinji sei? Kazhinji kazhinji, kamwe chete pagore.

Yeukawo kuti Jesu akatanga uku kuchengeta uye ipapo akafa pamusi wekarenda yechiJudha waNisani 14.a Iroro rakanga riri zuva rePaseka, mutambo waiyeuchidza vaJudha nezvokununurwa kukuru kwavakanga vawana muEgipita muzana ramakore rechi 16 P.N.V. Panguva iyoyo, chibairo chegwaiana chakaguma noruponeso rwedangwe rechiJudha, nepo ngirozi yaJehovha yakarova matangwe ose eEgipita.—Eksodho 12:21, 24-27.

Ikoku kunobetsera sei nzwisiso yedu? Eya, muapostora wechiKristu Pauro akanyora, kuti: “Paseka yedu, yakatibairwa, ndiKristu.” (1 VaKorinte 5:7) Rufu rwaJesu chakanga chiri chibairo chikuru zvikuru chePaseka, chichipa rudzi rwomunhu banza roruponeso rukuru kwazvo. Nokuda kwamaKristu, naizvozvo, Chirangaridzo chorufu rwaKristu chakatsiva Paseka yechiJudha.—Johane 3:16.

Paseka kwakanga kuri kuchengeta kwegore negore. Nenzira ino mufungo, ipapoka, ndizvo zvakaitawo Chirangaridzo. Paseka—zuva iro Jesu akafa—nguva dzose yaiitika pazuva rechi 14 romwedzi wechiJudha Nisani. Nokudaro, rufu rwaKristu runofanira kurangarirwa kamwe pagore pamusi wekarenda unowirirana naNisani 14. Muna 1994 zuva iroro Chitanhatu, March 26, pashure pokuvira kwezuva. Neiko, kunyanguvezvo, kuchidaro kuti chechi dzechiKristudhomu hadzina kuita kuti zuva irori rive rokuchengeta chaiko? Kunzverwa kupfupi kwenhau kuchapindura mubvunzo iwoyo.

Muitiro Wavaapostora Unova Mungozi

Hapana panikiro kuti mukati mezana rokutanga ramakore N.V., avo vaitungamirirwa navaapostora vaJesu vaichengeta Chirairo chaShe chaizvoizvo seizvo akanga araira. Zvisinei, mukati mezana ramakore rechipiri, vamwe vakatanga kuchinja nguva yokuchengetwa kwacho. Ivo vaichengeta Chirangaridzo pazuva rokutanga revhiki (zvino rinonzi Svondo), kwete pazuva rinowirirana naNisani 14. Neiko ikoko kwakaitwa?

Nokuda kwavaJudha, zuva raitanga panenge panguva yechitanhatu mumadekwana ndokupfuurira kusvikira panguva imwe cheteyo zuva rinotevera. Jesu akafa pana Nisani 14, 33 N.V., uyo akavambira paChina madekwana kusvikira kuChishanu madekwana. Akamutswa pazuva rechitatu, mangwanani-ngwanani eSvondo. Vamwe vakada kuti kuchengetwa kworufu rwaJesu kuchengetwe pamusi wakagadzwa wevhiki gore rimwe nerimwe, panzvimbo pezuva apo Nisani 14 akaitika. Ivo vakarangarirawo zuva rorumuko rwaJesu serinokosha zvikuru kupfuura iro rorufu rwake. Nokudaro, ivo vakasarudza Svondo.

Jesu akaraira kuti rufu rwake rurangarirwe, kwete rumuko rwake. Uye sezvo Paseka yechiJudha ichiwira pamusi wakasiana gore rimwe nerimwe mukuwirirana nekarenda yaGregory yatinoshandisa zvino, kunongova bedzi kwomuzvarirwo kuti zvimwe chetezvo zvaizova zvechokwadi nezveChirangaridzo. Vakawanda naizvozvo vakaomerera kugadziriro yapakuvamba ndokuchengeta Chirairo chaShe pana Nisani 14 gore rimwe nerimwe. Pashure penguva yakati vakasvika pakunzi vaQuartodeciman, kureva kuti “Vanochengeta zuva rechigumi nena.”

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaziva kuti ava “Vanochengeta zuva rechigumi nena” vakanga vachitevera mutoo wapakuvamba wavaapostora. Mumwe wezvenhau akati: “Kana riri zuva rokuchengeta Pascha [Chirairo chaShe], kushandisa kwechechi dzeQuartodeciman dzeAsia kwakanga kuchipfuurira neuko kwechechi yeJerusarema. Muzana ramakore rechipiri idzi chechi paPascha yadzo pane rechi 14 raNisani dzakachengeta kununura kwakaitwa norufu rwaKristu.”—Studia Patristica, Vhoriyamu V, 1962, peji 8.

Gakava Rinokura

Nepo vakawanda muAsia Minor vakatevera muitiro wavaapostora, Svondo yakatsaurwa nokuda kwokuchengeta muRoma. Munenge mugore ra 155 N.V., Polycarp weSmirna, mumiriri weungano dzeAsia, akashanyira Roma kuzokurukura ikoku nezvimwe zvinetso. Nenzira isingafadzi, hapana bvumirano yakasvikwa paiyi nhau.

Irenaeus weLyons akanyora mutsamba, kuti: “Anicetus [weRoma] haana kugona kunyengetedza Polycarp kusachengeta icho iye akanga achengeta nguva dzose naJohane mudzidzi waShe wedu navamwe vaapostora avo aisonganirana navo; uyewo Polycarp haana kunyengetedza Anicetus kuuchengeta, nokuti iye akataura kuti iye anofanira kuomerera kutsika yavakuru vapamberi pake.” (Eusebius, Bhuku 5, ganhuro 24) Cherechedza kuti Polycarp sezvinoshumwa akavakira chimiro chake pachiremera chavaapostora, nepo Anicetus akafadza miitiro yavakuru vakare muRoma.

Iri gakava rakakomba nechokumugumo kwezana ramakore rechipiri N.V. Munenge muna 190 N.V. Victor akati akasarudzwa kuva bhishopi weRoma. Iye aidavira kuti Chirairo chaShe chinofanira kuchengetwa paSvondo, uye akatsvaka tsigiro yavamwe vatungamiriri vakawanda savanobvira. Victor akadzvinyirira ungano dzeAsia kuchinjira kugadziriro yeSvondo.

Vachipindurira avo vaiva muAsia Minor, Polycrates veEfeso akaramba kutera kuiyi dzvinyiriro. Iye akati: “Isu tinochengeta zuva racho tisingarichinji, kana kuti kuwedzera, kana kuti kubvisa.” Iye ipapo akaronga zviremera zvakawanda, kubatanidza muaposotra Johane. “Ivava vose,” iye akadaro, “vakachengeta zuva rechigumi nena nokuda kwePascha, mukuwirirana neEvhangeri, vasingatongobvi pariri.” Polycrates akawedzera, kuti: “Ini ndimene, hama,. . . handityiswi netyisidziro. Nokuda kwaavo vari nani kupfuura ini vakati, Tinofanira kuteerera Mwari panzvimbo pavanhu.”—Eusebius, Bhuku 5, ganhuro 24.

Victor akatsamwiswa neiyi mhinduro. Rimwe bhuku renhau rinotaura kuti iye “akadzinga Chechi dzose dzeAsia, uye akatumira tsamba dzake dzinotenderedzwa kuChechi dzose dzaiva nomurangariro wake, kuti idzo dzinofanira kusava nesonganirano nadzo.” Zvisinei, “ichi chiito chake chechimbi chimbi nechoushingi hachina kugamuchirwa zvakanaka navanhu vose vakachenjera navapachokwadi vebato rake amene, vanoverengeka vavo vakanyora zvakasimba kwaari, vachimupa zano . . . rokuchengeta rudo, chinzwano, uye rugare.”—Antiquities of the Christian Church raBingham, Bhuku 20, ganhuro 5.

Kuwa Pakutenda Kunoitwa Sangano

Pasinei zvapo nokuramba kwakadaro, maKristu muAsia Minor akava ari oga nenzira inowedzera panhau yokuti Chirairo chaShe chinofanira kuchengetwa rini. Misiano yakanga yapinda kune imwe nzvimbo. Vamwe vakachengeta nhambo yose kuvambira pana Nisani 14 kusvikira kuSvondo rinotevera. Vamwe vaichengeta nhambo yacho kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru—vhiki nevhiki paSvondo.

Muna 314 N.V., Dare reArles (France) rakaedza kumanikidzira gadziriro yeRoma ndokudzvinyirira chimwe chisarudzo chipi nechipi. VaQuartodeciman vakasara vakaramba. Kuti apedze ikoku nedzimwe nhau dzakanga dzichikamuranisa vaiti maKristu muumambo hwake, muna 325 N.V. mambo wechihedheni Constantine akadana musangano wechechi, Dare reNicaea. Rakabudisa murairo wakaraidza vose muAsia Minor kuwirirana nokushandisa kweRoma.

Kunofadza kucherechedza chimwe chezvibvumikiso zvikuru zvakapiwa dzokurega kuchengetwa kweChirangaridzo chorufu rwaKristu mukuwirirana nomusi wapakarenda yechiJudha. A History of the Christian Councils, rakanyorwa naK. J. Hefele, rinoti: “Kwakaziviswa kuva kusina kufanira zvikuru nokuda kwaiwoyu, mutsvene zvikurusa wemitambo yose, kutevera muitiro (kuverenga) wavaJudha, avo vakanga vabatanidzwa zvinonyadzisa neinotyisa zvikurusa yemhaka, uye vane ndangariro dzakapofumadzwa.” (Vhoriyamu 1, peji 322) Kuva mumugariro wakadaro kwairangarirwa so“‘kuzviisa pasi kunonyadzisa’ peSinagoge iro rakashatirisa Chechi,” anodaro J. Juster, akanokorwa mashoko muStudia Patristica, Vhoriyamu IV, 1961, peji 412.

Hwaiva utsinye kuvaJudha! Avo vaichengeta Chirangaridzo chorufu rwaJesu pazuva rimwe chetero iro akafa vairangarirwa savaiti vechiJudha. Kwakakanganwika kuti Jesu amene akanga ari muJudha uye kuti akanga apa zuva racho revo yaro kupfurikidza panguva iyeyo nokupa upenyu hwake nokuda kworudzi rwomunhu. Kuvambira panguva iyeyo zvichienda mberi, vaQuartodeciman vaishurikidzwa savapanduki navamapoka uye vaitambudzwa. Dare reAntiokia muna 341 N.V. rakaraira kuti vaifanira kudzingwa. Kunyanguvezvo, kwakanga kuchine vakawanda vavo muna 400 N.V., uye ivo vakapfuurira vari muzviverengero zviduku nguva refu pashure paipapo.

Chifo chamazuva iwayo, chiKristudhomu chakakundikana kudzokera kugadziriro yapakuvamba yaJesu. Purofesa William Bright akabvuma, kuti: “Apo zuva chairo, Chishanu Chakanaka, rakasvika pakupiwa kukuchengetwa kwoKutambura kwaJesu sokwakadaro, kwakanga kwava kunyanyononoka kuganhurira kwariri masangano e‘pascha’ ayo St. Paul akanga abatanidza norufu rwechibairo: iwo akanga ashandiswa norusununguko kumutambo woRumuko umene, uye vhiringidziko yepfungwa yakazvisimbisa imene mumutauro womuitiro wechiKristudhomu chechiGiriki nechechiLatin.”—The Age of the Fathers, Vhoriyamu 1, peji 102.

Zvakadiniko Nhasi?

‘Pashure pamakore iwawa ose,’ ungabvunza kuti, ‘kunokosha chaizvoizvo here kuti Chirangaridzo chinochengetwa rini?’ Hungu, kunodaro. Chinjo dzakaitwa navarume vaiva nendangariro dzakasimba vaivavarira nokuda kwesimba. Vanhu vakatevera pfungwa dzavo vamene panzvimbo pokuteerera Jesu Kristu. Yakazadzikwa nenzira yakajeka yakanga iri nyevero yomuapostora Pauro, inoti: “Ini ndinoziva kuti kana ndaenda, mapere anoparadza achapinda pakati penyu [maKristu], asingaregi boka. Uye, napakati penyu pamene pachamuka varume, vachataura zvinopesanisa, kuti vatsause vadzidzi vavatevere.”—Mabasa 20:29, 30.

Iri kukurukurwa inhau yokuteerera. Jesu akatanga kuchengeta kumwe chete kuti maKristu achengete. Bhaibheri rinotsanangura nenzira yakajeka kuti kunofanira kuchengetwa rini uye sei. Ndiani, ipapoka, ane maruramiro okuchinja ikoko? VaQuartodeciman vapakuvamba vakatambura chitambudzo nokudzingwa panzvimbo pokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira muiyi nhau.

Ungafarira kuziva kuti kuchine maKristu pasi pano anoremekedza zvido zvaJesu ndokuchengeta Chirangaridzo chorufu rwake pamusi uyo iye akatanga. Gore rino, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvichasangana pamwe chete muHoro dzoUmambo dzazvo kupota pasi rose pashure pa 6:00 p.m. paChitanhatu, March 26—apo zuva rechi 14 raNisani rinovamba. Izvo panguva iyeyo zvichaita zvomenemene izvo Jesu akati zvinofanira kuitwa paiyi nguva ine revo zvikurusa. Kuregerereiko kuchengeta Chirairo chaShe nazvo? Kupfurikidza nokuvapo, iwewo unogona kuratidza ruremekedzo rwako nokuda kwezvido zvaJesu Kristu.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]

“RUDZIKINURO IRWORWO RUNOKOSHA”

Chibairo chorudzikinuro chaJesu Kristu chinopfuura zvikuru dzidziso. Jesu akati nezvake amene: “Mwanakomana womunhu akauya, kwete kuzoshumirwa, asi kuzoshumira nokupa mweya wake sorudzikinuro mutsinhano navazhinji.” (Marko 10:45, NW) Iye akatsanangurawo, kuti: “Mwari akada nyika [yorudzi rwomunhu] zvikuru kwazvo zvokuti akapa Mwanakomana wake akaberekwa ari mumwe bedzi, kuti munhu ari wose anomutenda agorega kuparadzwa asi ave noupenyu husingaperi.” (Johane 3:16, NW) Nokuda kwavakafa, rudzikinuro runozarura nzira yorumuko nekariro youpenyu husingagumi.—Johane 5:28, 29.

Ndirwo rufu runokosha zvikuru rwaJesu Kristu runorangarirwa pakuchengetwa kweChairairo chaShe. Chibairo chake chinoita zvakawanda kwazvo! Mumwe mukadzi akarovedzwa navabereki voumwari uye uyo akafamba muzvokwadi yaMwari kwamakumi amakore akataura kuonga kwake naawa mashoko:

“Tinokarira Chirangaridzo. Chinova chaicho zvikuru gore rimwe nerimwe. Ndinoyeuka ndakamira mumusha wamariro makore 20 apfuura, ndichitarira baba vangu vanodiwa nokusvika pakuonga kwechokwadi kwomwoyo wose rudzikinuro. Yakanga yave iri nhau yandaiziva bedzi pamberi paikoko. Haiwa, ndaiziva magwaro ose uye nzira yokuatsanangura nayo! Asi mwoyo wangu wakakwakuka zvikuru nomufaro pamusoro pechatichaitirwa kupfurikidza norudzikinuro runokosha irworwo apo bedzi ndakanzwa zvomene yakaipa yorufu.”