Guva raPetro—Riri muVatican Here?

“GUVA roMuchinda waVaapostora rakawanikwa.” Chiziviso chorukundo chaPope Pius XII chakabudiswa nenhepfenyuro yeVatican. Wakanga uri mugumo wa 1950, uye nhevedzano yokuchera kwakaoma pasi peSt. Peter’s Basilica yakanga yapedzwa misi yakanga ichangobva kupfuura. Maererano navamwe, migumisiro youku kunzvera kwokuchera matongo yakabvumikisa kuti Petro akavigwa chaizvoizvo muVatican. Zvisinei, haasiri munhu ari wose akabvuma.

Nokuda kwavaKaturike, St. Peter’s Church iri muVatican ine revo chaiyo. “Chinangwa chinokosha cherwendo rwokunzvimbo tsvene kuRoma ndechokundosangana nomutsivi waPetro uye kundogamuchira chikomborero chake,” rinodaro bhuku rinotungamirira reKaturike, “nemhaka yokuti Petro akauya kuRoma uye akavigwa imomo.” Asi Petro akavigwa chaizvoizvo muRoma here? Guva rake riri muVatican here? Mapfupa ake akawanikwa here?

Chakavanzika Chokuchera Matongo

Kuchera, uko kwakavamba munenge muna 1940 ndokupfuurira kwaanenge makore gumi, kwave kuri nhau yegakava guru. Chii icho vacheri vamatongo vakagadzwa napapa vakawana? Kutanga, nzvimbo yamakuva yechihedheni ine makuva akawanda. Pakati pawo, munyasi meatari yapapa yomuzuva razvino, vakawana aedicula, ndiko kuti, mufananidzo wakacherwa wakagadzirirwa kuchengeta chifananidzo kana kuti mufananidzo, wakaiswa mumadziro ane purasita tsvuku uye wakakomberedzwa namadziro maviri omumativi. Pakupedzisira, uye nenzira yakavanzika zvikuru, zvisaririra zvavanhu zvakawanwawo, izvo, kwakataurwa kudaro, zvakabva mumamwe amadziro maviri omumativi.

Apa ndipo apo dudziro dzinovamba. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakati dzeKaturike, zviwanwa zvacho zvinosimbisa gamuchidzanwa rokugara kwaPetro uye kufira kutenda muRoma mukati mokutonga kwaNero, zvichida mukati mechitambudzo cha 64 N.V. Kwakatotaurwa kuti zvisaririra zvacho zvisaririra zvomuapostora uye zvinogona kuzivikanwa sezvakadaro kupfurikidza norunyoro urwo, maererano neimwe dudziro, runorava kuti, “Petro ari pano.” Kunoratidzika kuti Pope Paul VI akanga achipa mbiri kuiyi fungidziro apo muna 1968 akazivisa kuwanwa kwe“zvisaririra zvomunhu zvaSt. Peter, izvo zvakafanirwa nokuzvipira nokunamata kwedu kwose.”

Pamwe nedudziro dzacho, zvisinei, kwakanga kunewo zvibvumikiso zvinopesana. Mucheri wamatongo weKaturike Antonio Ferrua, muJesuit uyo akatora rutivi mukuchera kweVatican, akabvuma painopfuura nhambo imwe kuti a‘kanga asina kubvumirwa kubudisa’ chinhu chiri chose chaanoziva panhau yacho, mashoko sezviri pachena aizopokanidza kutaura kwokuti zvisaririra zvaPetro zvakanga zvazivikanwa. Mukuwedzera, bhuku rinotungamirira reRoma, rakapepetwa naCardinal weKaturike Poupard ndokubudiswa muna 1991, rakataura kuti “kunzvera kwesayenzi mapfupa avanhu akawanikwa pasi penheyo dzeRed Wall hakuna kuratidzika kuva kune batano ipi neipi nomuapostora Petro.” Nenzira yechienzi zvikuru, muchinyorwa chakatevera (gare gare muna 1991), chitsama chamashoko chacho chakanyangarika, uye ganhuro idzva, rine musoro unoti “A Certainty: Peter at St. Peter’s,” rakawedzerwa.

Kududzira Zviwanwa

Kuri pachena kuti zviwanwa zvinogona kududzirwa uye kuti zvinoreva zvinhu zvakasiyana kuvanhu vakasiyana. Zvirokwazvo, vezvenhau vane chiremera zvikurusa veKaturike vanoziva kuti “zvinetso zvenhau zvokufira kutenda kunobudirira kwaPetro muRoma, uye zvenzvimbo yaakavigirwa, zvinogona kupokanidzwa.” Zviwanwa zvacho zvinoratidzei?

Mufananidzo weaedicula, maererano naavo vanotsvaka kutsigira gamuchidzanwa reKaturike, “chirangaridzo” chinonongedzerwa kwachiri naGaius wakati, muprista akararama pamavambo ezana ramakore rechitatu. Maererano naEusebius weKesaria, wezvenhau woufundisi wezana ramakore rechina, Gaius akataura kuti aigona ‘kuratidza chirangaridzo chaPetro paVatican Hill.’ Vatsigiri vegamuchidzanwa vanotaura kuti muapostora wacho akavigwa ipapo, munyasi momufananidzo wakasvika pakuzivikanwa se“chirangaridzo chaGaius.” Vamwe, zvisinei, vanodudzira migumisiro yokuchera nenzira yakasiyana zvikuru, vachionesa kuti vaKristu vokutanga vaisaitira hanya kuvigwa kwavakafa vavo uye kuti kunyange kana Petro akanga aurayirwa ikoko, kuwanwa kwomuviri wake kungadai kwakava kusingabviri zvikurusa. (Ona bhokisi, peji 29.)

Kuna avo vasingabvumi kuti “chirangaridzo chaGaius” (kana icho chiri chakawanikwa) iguva. Vanotaura kuti mufananidzo wakamiswa mukukudzwa kwaPetro pedyo nomugumo wezana ramakore rechipiri uye kuti gare gare wa“kasvika pakurangarirwa somufananidzo weguva.” Maererano nomufundisi Oscar Cullmann, zvisinei, “kuchera kweVatican hakutongozivisi guva raPetro.”

Zvakadiniko namapfupa acho? Kunofanira kutaurwa kuti kwakabva mapfupa acho chaizvoizvo chichiri chakavanzika. Sezvo muzana ramakore rokutanga makuva echihedheni aiva pairo zvino rava Vatican Hill, zvisaririra zvavanhu zvakawanda zvakavigwa munharaunda yacho, uye zvakawanda zvakatowanwa. Runyoro rusina kukwana (zvimwe runodzoka shure kuzana ramakore rechina) urwo vamwe vanoti runozivisa nzvimbo umo zvisarira zvakawanikwa seguva romuapostora, vanganongedzera, zvikurukuru, “kukuvapo kunofungidzirwa kwamapfupa aPetro.” Mukuwedzera, vadzidzi vamanyoro vakawanda vanotsigira kuti runyoro rwaigona kunyange kureva kuti “Petro haasiri pano.”

‘Gamuchidzanwa Risina Kuvimbika’

“Manyuko apakuvamba uye akavimbika zvikuru haadudzi nzvimbo yokufira kutenda [kwaPetro], asi pakati pamanyuko apashure uye akavimbika zvishomanene pane inodokuva bvumirano yokuti yakanga iri nharaunda yeVatican,” anodaro wezvenhau D. W. O’Connor. Kutsvakwa kweguva raPetro muVatican naizvozvo kwakanga kwakavakirwa pamagamuchidzanwa asina kuvimbika. “Apo zvisaririra zvakava zvoukoshi hukuru,” anozivisa kudaro O’Connor, “vaKristu vakasvika pakudavira zvapachokwadi kuti [chirangaridzo] chaPetro chaizvoizvo chakaratidzira nzvimbo chaiyo yeguva rake.”

Aya magamuchidzanwa akakura pamwe chete nokunamata zvisaririra kusiri kwapamagwaro. Kubvira muzana ramakore rechitatu nerechina zvichienda mberi, nzvimbo dzavafundisi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandisa zvisaririra, zvechokwadi uye zvenhema—uye kwete pasina betsero yemari—mukuparapatika kuwana ukuru “hwomudzimu” uye kusimudzira chiremera chavo vamene. Nokudaro, vapwiswa kuti zvisaririra zvaPetro zvakanga zvine simba rinoshamisa, vanoshanyira nzvimbo tsvene vakaenda kuguva rake rinofungidzirwa. Pamugumo wezana ramakore rechitanhatu, vatendi vaiwanzokanda machira akasanoyerwa pa“guva” racho. “Nenzira inoshamisa,” yakadaro imwe nhoroondo yapanguva imwe cheteyo, “kana kutenda kwomukumbiri kwakasimba, apo jira rinobviswa paguva, richava razara norunako rwoumwari uye richarema kupfuura zvaraiita pakutanga.” Ikoku kunoratidzira mwero wenhendedzero yenguva iyoyo.

Mumazana amakore, ngano dzakafanana naiyoyi namagamuchidzanwa asina hwaro hupi nohupi zvakaparira pamwero wakati kukura kwomukurumbira weVatican Basilica. Zvisinei, mirangariro inopokanidza yakamutswa. Muzana ramakore rechi 12 nerechi 13, vaWaldenses vakashurikidza uku kunyanyisa uye, kupfurikidza neBhaibheri, vakatsanangura kuti Petro haana kutongoenda kuRoma. Mazana amakore gare gare, vadudziri veProtestant Reformation vakataura nenzira yakafanana. Muzana ramakore rechi 18, vazivi vakakurumbira vakarangarira gamuchidzanwa racho kuva risina hwaro, mose muri muviri munhau nomuMagwaro. Mufungo mumwe chetewo unogoveranwa nenyanzvi dzinokwanisa, vaKaturike navamwe, kusvikira kuzuva rino.

Petro Akafira muRoma Here?

Petro, muredzi anozvininipisa weGarirea, zvirokwazvo haana kuva nepfungwa ipi neipi youtanhamari pavakuru vaiva muungano yechiKristu yezana ramakore rokutanga. Panzvimbo pezvo, akazvirondedzera amene so“mukuru biyenyu.” (1 Petro 5:1-6, Revised Standard Version) Unhu hwokuzvininipisa hwaPetro hunopesana nemitambo inopoteredza guva rake rinofungidzirwa, sezvinogona kuonwa nomushanyi upi noupi kuVatican Basilica.

Kuti itsigire ukuru hwayo pamamwe masangano echiKristu, Chechi yeKaturike yakatsvaka kupa mbiri gamuchidzanwa ‘rapashure uye rakavimbika zvishoma’ iro rinoti Petro akagara kwenguva yakati muRoma. Nenzira yechienzi, kunyanguvezvo, mamwe magamuchidzanwa akare aizorangarira nzvimbo yokuvigwa kwake, kwete muVatican, asi kune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo muRoma. Bva, kuregererei kuomerera kumaidi akanyorwa muBhaibheri, manyuko bedzi amashoko akananga pamusoro paPetro? Kubva muShoko raMwari kuri pachena kuti, achiteerera mirayiridzo iyo akagamuchira kubva kumutumbi unodzora weungano yechiKristu muJerusarema, Petro akaita basa rake murutivi rwokumabvazuva rwenyika yakare, kubatanidza Bhabhironi.—VaGaratia 2:1-9; 1 Petro 5:13; enzanisa naMabasa 8:14.

Pakunyorera vaKristu vaiva muRoma, munenge muna 56 N.V., muapostora Pauro akakwazisa inenge mitezo 30 yeungano iyoyo pasina kumbodudza Petro. (VaRoma 1:1, 7; 16:3-23) Ipapo, pakati pa 60 na 65 N.V., Pauro akanyora tsamba nhanhatu ari muRoma, asi Petro haadudzwi—ufakazi hwakasimba hunotsamira pamamiriro ezvinhu hwokuti Petro aisavapo.a (Enzanisa na 2 Timotio 1:15-17; 4:11.) Mubato waPauro muRoma unorondedzerwa pamugumo webhuku raMabasa, asi zvakare, hapana nongedzero inoitwa kuna Petro. (Mabasa 28:16, 30, 31) Somugumisiro, kunzverwa kusina kufungira mano akaipa kwoufakazi hweBhaibheri, kusina mifungo yose yakagamuchirwa kare, kunogona kutungamirira bedzi kumhedziso yokuti Petro haana kuparidza muRoma.b

“Utanhamari” hwapapa hwakavakirwa pamagamuchidzanwa asina kuvimbika nokushandiswa kwakamonyaniswa kwamagwaro. Jesu, kwete Petro, ndiye nheyo yechiKristu. ‘Kristu ndiye musoro weungano,’ anodaro Pauro. (VaEfeso 2:20-22; 5:23) Akanga ari Jesu Kristu uyo Jehovha akatuma kukomborera uye kuponesa avo vose vane kutenda.—Johane 3:16; Mabasa 4:12; VaRoma 15:29; onawo 1 Petro 2:4-8.

Avo vose, ipapoka, vanoenda kuicho vanodavira zvapachokwadi kuva guva raPetro kuti vando‘sangana nomutsivi wake’ vanotarisana nechinetso chokugamuchira ‘magamuchidzanwa asina kuvimbika’ kana kuti kudavira Shoko rakavimbika raMwari. Sezvo vaKristu vachida kuti kunamata kwavo kugamuchirike kuna Mwari, vano‘sanotarisa kuMukwanisi wokutenda kwavo, Jesu,’ uye kumuenzaniso wakakwana uyo iye akatisiyira kuti titevere.—VaHebheru 12:2; 1 Petro 2:21.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 29]

“Kuchera hakuna kuzivisa zviratidzo zvakati zveguva riri munyasi meAedicula; uyewo hakugoni zvirokwazvo kuva nechokwadi chipi nechipi chokuti muviri waSt. Peter wakambotorwa kubva kuvaurayi kuti uvigwe nenzanga yechiKristu. Muzviitiko zvenguva dzose, muviri womunhu akanga ari mutorwa (peregrinus), uye maererano nomutemo bhinyawo zvaro, ringavewo rakakandirwa muTiber. . . . Uyezve, kwaisazova nefariro imwe cheteyo mukuchengetedzwa kwezvisaririra zvomuviri pauyu musi wapakuvamba sezvakwakava gare gare, apo chitendero chomugumo wenyika waiva pedyo chakanga chaderera uye kunamatwa kwavafiri kutenda kwakanga kwavamba kuoneka kwako. Bviro, naizvozvo, yokuti muviri waSt. Peter, kutaura idi, hauna kutorwa kuti uvigwe ndeyechokwadi.”—The Shrine of St. Peter and the Vatican Excavations, rakanyorwa naJocelyn Toynbee naJohn Ward Perkins.