Mwari Akatosarudza Nguva Yedu Yemberi Here?
“ZVINETSO zvakawanda kwazvo zvokufungidzira zvaizodziviswa kudai mashoko anowanzosanzwisiswa okuti kufanosarudza nguva yemberi akasatongoshandiswa.” Ungashamisika chikonzero nei, kana wakashandisa mashoko okuti “kufanosarudza nguva yemberi” kana kuti kuanzwa achishandiswa.
Maererano neenisaikoropidhiya yeKaturike yechiFrench yemisi ichangobva kupfuura Théo, tinoita zvakanaka kusashandisa mashoko okuti “kufanosarudza nguva yemberi.” Rimwe bhuku rinoti: “Nhasi, kufanosarudza nguva yemberi hakuchiri pakati pekurukurirano dzorudzidziso, kunyange nokuda kwavaPurotesitendi vakawanda zvikurusa, kunoratidzika kudaro.”
Kunyanguvezvo, nhau yokufanosarudza nguva yemberi yakakangaidza vanhu vakawanda munhau yose. Yakanga iri pakati pegakava rakaparira Chinjo, uye kunyange mukati meChechi yeKaturike, yakanga iri nhau yekurukurirano yakakomba kwamazana amakore. Kunyange zvazvo ichikurukurwa zvishomanene nhasi, chichiri chinetso. Ndiani angasada kuziva kana nguva yake yemberi yakasarudzwa pachine nguva mberi?
Kufanosarudza Nguva Yemberi—Revo Yamashoko Acho
Chii chinoreva mashoko okuti “kufanosarudza nguva yemberi” muchechi? Dictionnaire de théologie catholique inoarangarira kuva “vavariro youmwari yokutungamirira vanhu vakati, avo vanoratidzirwa nezita, kuupenyu husingaperi.” Kunowanzofungwa kuti vakasarudzwa, “vakaratidzirwa nezita,” ndivo vakanongedzerwa kwavari nomuapostora Pauro mutsamba yake kuvaRoma, mumashoko anotevera, anoti: “Mwari anoshanda nokuda kwezvakanaka naavo anoda, avo vanodanwa maererano nechinangwa chake. Nokuti avo akafanoziva akafanosarudzawo kuti vawiriraniswe nomufananidzo woMwanakomana wake . . . Uye avo akafanosarudza akadanawo; uye avo akadana akaruramisawo; uye avo akaruramisa akapawo mbiri.”—VaRoma 8:28-30, Revised Standard Version.
Kunyange vasati vaberekwa, vamwe vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuva vakasarudzwa naMwari nechinangwa chokugoverana mbiri yaKristu mumatenga. Ikoku kunotungamirira kumubvunzo wakakurukurwa kwenguva refu: Mwari anosarudza nokuda kwake avo anoda kuponesa, kana kuti vanhu vane rusununguko here norutivi rwokuita mukuwana nokuchengeta nyasha dzaMwari?
Augustine, Muvambi Wokufanosarudza Nguva Yemberi
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe Vanyori vechiKristu veChechi vakanga vanyora kare pamusoro pokufanosarudza nguva yemberi, Augustine (354-430 C.E.) anowanzorangarirwa kuva akaisa hwaro hwedzidziso yacho nokuda kwechechi dzose dziri mbiri yeKaturike neyePurotesitendi. Maererano naAugustine, vakarurama kuvambira pakusingagumi vakafanosarudzwa naMwari kuti vagamuchire zvikomborero zvisingagumi. Pano rumwe rutivi, vasakarurama, kunyange zvazvo vasina kufanosarudzwa naMwari mupfungwa chaiyo yeshoko racho, vachagamuchira chirango chakafanirwa nokuda kwezvivi zvavo, shurikidzo. Tsananguro yaAugustine yakasiya nzvimbo duku yorusununguko, nokudaro ichizarura nzira yegakava guru.
Vadyi Venhaka vaAugustine
Kurukurirano pamusoro pokufanosarudza nguva yemberi norusununguko yakaoneka nguva dzose mukati meMiddle Ages, uye yakasvika panoda chiito mukati meChinjo. Luther akaona kufanosarudza nguva yemberi kwomunhu oga sechisarudzo chakasununguka chaMwari, pasina kufanoona Kwake kodzero dzomunguva yemberi kana kuti mabasa akanaka avakasarudzwa. Calvin akasvika pamhedziso yakanyanyisa zvikuru nomurangariro wake wokufanosarudza nguva yemberi kwakapetwa kaviri: Vamwe vanofanosarudzirwa nguva yemberi yokuruponeso rusingagumi, uye vamwe kuti vaende kushurikidzo isingagumi. Zvisinei, Calvinwo akarangarira chisarudzo chaMwari kuva chake amene, kunyange chisinganzwisisiki.
Nhau yokufanosarudza nguva yemberi nenhau inosanowirirana ye“nyasha”—shoko rinoshandiswa nechechi kuratidza chiito icho Mwari anoponesa uye anoruramisa nacho vanhu—rakava guru kwazvo zvokuti muna 1611 Nzvimbo Tsvene yeKaturike yakarambidza chinhu chipi nechipi kuti chibudiswe panhau yacho pasina kubvuma kwayo. Mukati meChechi yeKaturike, dzidziso dzaAugustine dzakatsigirwa zvakasimba navaJansen vechiFrench vezana ramakore rechi 17 nerechi 18. Ivo vakatsigira chimiro chakasimba zvikuru nechakaisvonaka chechiKristu uye vakatova navateveri pakati pavanhu vakanakisisa. Bva, gakava pamusoro penhau yacho harina kuderera. Mambo Louis XIV akarayira kuparadzwa kwechivako chePort-Royal, mavambo omufungo wechiJansen.
Mukati mechechi dzePurotesitendi dzakaChinja, kurukurirano yacho yakanga iri kure nokupedzwa. Pamwe chete namamwe, vaRemonstrant, avo vakatevera Jacobus Arminius, vaidavira kuti munhu ane basa rokuita muruponeso rwake amene. Musangano wePurotesitendi weDordrecht (1618-19) wakapedza kwechinguvana nhau yacho apo wakagamuchira chimiro chakanyanya chechiCalvin chinotenderwa. Maererano nebhuku rinonzi L’Aventure de la Réforme—Le monde de Jean Calvin, muGermany iri gakava pakufanosarudza nguva yemberi norusununguko rakaparira nhambo refu yo“kuedza kusina kubudirira pakutsinhiranisa, pamwe chete nezvakashata, kuiswa mutorongo, uye kudzingwa kwavafundisi.”
Kufanosarudza Nguva Yemberi kana kuti Rusununguko Here?
Kuvambira pamavambo, idzi pfungwa mbiri dzakapesana zvikuru, kufanosarudza nguva yemberi norusununguko, dzakamutsa rwisano huru dzakawanda. Augustine amene akanga asina kukwanisa kutsanangura uku kusawirirana. Calvinwo akakuona sokuratidzirwa kwokuda kukuru kwaMwari uye nokudaro kusingatsananguriki.
Asi chizaruro cheBhaibheri chamavara aMwari nounhu zvinotibetsera here kunzwisisa idzi nhau zvakajeka zvikuru? Nyaya inotevera ichanzvera aya mapfundo muudzame.
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 4]
Calvin
Luther
Jansen
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Mifananidzo: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris