“Muchenjere Mbiriso yavaFarise navaSadhuse”

APO Jesu Kristu akataura mashoko iwayo anopfuura mazana amakore 19 apfuura, akanga achisvinudzira vadzidzi vake kudzidziso nemiitiro zvorudzidziso zvinokuvadza. (Mateo 16:6, 12) Nhoroondo iri pana Marko 8:15 inoti: “Mutye mbiriso yavaFarise nembiriso yaHerodhe.” Neiko Herodhe akadudzwa? Nemhaka yokuti vamwe vavaSadhuse vakanga vari vaHerodhe, boka rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Neiko nyevero chaiyo yakadaro yakanga iri madikanwa? Vose vari vaviri vaFarise navaSadhuse vakanga vasiri vashori chaivo vaJesu here? (Mateo 16:21; Johane 11:45-50) Hungu, vakanga vari. Bva, vamwe vavo vaizogamuchira chiKristu gare gare ndokuedza ipapo kuisa pfungwa dzavo paungano yechiKristu.—Mabasa 15:5.

Pakangawo pane ngozi yokuti vadzidzi vamene vangatevedzera vatungamiriri vorudzidziso ivavo avo vakanga varerwa mupesvedzero yavo. Padzimwe nguva, kubva chete munhoroondo youpenyu yakadaro kwakabvumikisa kuva mhinganidzo kukuwana kwavo pfungwa yedzidziso dzaJesu.

Chii chakaita kuti chiFarise nechiSadhuse zvive zvine ngozi kwazvo? Kurangarirwa kwamamiriro ezvinhu orudzidziso muzuva raJesu kuchatipa pfungwa yakati.

Kusabatana Kworudzidziso

Nezvenzanga yechiJudha mukati mezana ramakore rokutanga C.E., wezvenhau Max Radin akanyora, kuti: “Kuzvimirira kweungano dzechiJudha kune imwe neimwe kwakanga kuri chaikoiko zvikuru, uye kwakanga kuchitosimbiswa. . . . Kazhinji kazhinji, apo kukudzwa kwetembere neguta dzvene kwakanga kuchisimbiswa zvikurusa, kusaremekedza kukuru kwaigona kuratidzirwa kuavo vakanga vari panguva yacho vabati vechiremera chikurusa munyika yavakaberekerwa mairi.”

Mamiriro ezvinhu omudzimu anosuruvarisa zvirokwazvo! Ndezvipi zvakanga zviri zvinhu zvinoparira? Havasati vari vaJudha vose vaigara muPalestine. Pesvedzero yetsika dzechiGiriki, umo vaprista vakanga vasati vari vatungamiriri venzanga, yakanga yaita rutivi rwayo mukuderedza ruremekedzo rwegadziriro yaJehovha youprista. (Eksodho 28:29; 40:12-15) Uye vasingafaniri kufuratirwa vakanga vari vanhuwo zvawo vakadzidza uye vanyori.

VaFarise

Zita rokuti vaFarise, kana kuti Peru·shimʹ, sezvingabvira raireva kuti “vanhu vakaparadzaniswa.” VaFarise vakazvirangarira vamene kuva vateveri vaMosesi. Vakaumba boka ravo vamene, kana kuti sangano (chiHebheru, chavu·rahʹ). Kuti agobvumwa, munhu aifanira kuita mhiko pamberi pemitezo mitatu yokuchengetwa kune rumano kworucheno rwouRevhi, kudziviswa kwesonganiro yapedyo navaʽam-ha.ʼaʹret (boka risina kudzidza), uye kuripwa kwechegumi kune rumano. Marko 2:16 inotaura nezve“vanyori navaFarise.” Vamwe veiri boka vakanga vari vanyori vaiva nyanzvi navadzidzisi, nepo vamwe vakanga vari vanhuwo zvavo.—Mateo 23:1-7.

VaFarise vaidavira mukuvapo kwaMwari ari kunzvimbo iri yose. Vairangarira kuti sezvo “Mwari akanga ari kunzvimbo iri yose, Aigona kunamatwa muzvose zviri zviviri mukati nokunze kweTembere, uye akanga asingakumbirwi kupfurikidza nezvibayiro zvoga. Nokudaro vakasimudzira sinagoge senzvimbo yokunamata, fundo, uye munyengetero, uye vakaikwidziridza kunzvimbo yapakati neinokosha muupenyu hwavanhu iyo yaienzana neTembere.”—Encyclopaedia Judaica.

VaFarise vaisaonga tembere yaJehovha. Ikoku kunogona kuonwa mumashoko aJesu, okuti: “Mune nhamo, imi vatungamiriri vakapofumara, munoti: Aninani unopika netembere, hazvina hazvo; asi aninani unopika nendarama yetembere, ndiye une mhosva. Imi mapenzi namapofu! Chikuru ndechipiko, ndarama kana tembere, inoita ndarama ive tsvene? Munotizve: Aninani unopika neartari hazvina hazvo; asi aninani unopika nechipo chiri pamusoro payo, ndiye une mhosva. Imi mapenzi namapofu! Chikuru ndechipiko chipo kana artari, inoita chipo chive chitsvene? Naizvozvo, unopika neartari, unopika nayo, nezvose zviri pamusoro payo.”—Mateo 23:16-20.

VaFarise vaigona sei kuva vakamonyaniswa zvakadaro mukurangarira kwavo? Chii chavakanga vachifuratira? Cherechedza izvo Jesu anotevera kutaura. “Nounopika netembere, unopika nayo, nounogara mairi.” (Mateo 23:21, mashoko akatsveyamiswa ndeedu.) Nezveiyi ndima, nyanzvi E. P. Sanders yakati: “Tembere yakanga iri tsvene kwete bedzi nemhaka yokuti Mwari mutsvene akanga achinamatwa ipapo, asiwo nemhaka yokuti akanga ari ipapo.” (Judaism: Practice and Belief, 63 BCE—66 CE) Zvisinei, kuvapo chaiko kwaJehovha kwaizoreva zvishomanene kuavo vaifunga kuti akanga ari kunzvimbo iri yose.

VaFarise vaidavirawo mubatanidzwa wokufanosarudzirwa norusununguko rwechisarudzo. Namamwe mashoko, “chinhu chiri chose chinofanoonwa, bva rusununguko rwechisarudzo runopiwa.” Ivo kunyanguvezvo vaidavira kuti Adhama naEvha vakanga vakafanosarudzirwa kuita chivi uye kuti kunyange kuchekwa kuduku pachigunwe kufanosarudzirwa.

Jesu angave airangarira pfungwa dzenhema dzakadaro apo akataura pamusoro pokuputsika kwenharire uko kwakaguma nenzufu 18. Akabvunza, kuti: “Munoti vakanga vane mhosva [vanyajambwa] kukunda vanhu vose vaigara Jerusarema here?” (Ruka 13:4) Sezvakuri kwechokwadi netsaona dzakawanda zvikurusa, ikoku kwakanga kuri mugumisiro we“nguva nezviitiko zvisingafanoonwa,” kwete jambwa seizvo vaFarise vaidzidzisa. (Muparidzi 9:11, NW) Vaifungidzirwa kuti vane zivo vakadaro vaizobata sei mirayiro yapaMagwaro?

Vakanga Vari Vapinzi Vezvinhu Zvitsva Zvorudzidziso

VaFarise vaidavira kuti mirayiro yapaMagwaro yaifanira kududzirwa navanarabhi vechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe maererano namashoko azvino uno aiwanika. Nokudaro, Encyclopaedia Judaica inotaura kuti ha“vana kuwana chinetso chikuru mukutsinhiranisa dzidziso dzeTorah namashoko avo azvino uno anowanika, kana kuti mukuwana pfungwa dzavo dzairehwa kana kuti kukarakadzwa mumashoko eTorah.”

Pamusoro peZuva Rokuyananisa regore negore, vakachinjira simba rokuyananisira zvivi kubva kumuprista mukuru kuenda kuzuva rimene. (Revhitiko 16:30, 33) Pakuchengeta Paseka, vakasimbisa zvikuru kudzidzwa nomusoro kwezvidzidzo zvenhoroondo yaEksodho vachinwa waini nematzo kupfuura pagwayana repaseka.

Pashure penguva yakati, vaFarise vakava vanopesvedzera patembere. Vakatanga panguva iyeyo mudungwe waibatanidza kutakurwa kwemvura kubva mudziva reSiromi uye kudururwa kwayo sechibayiro mukati moMutambo Wokuunganidza, pamwe chete nokuroverwa kwamapazu omukonachando paartari pamhedziso yomutambo wacho uye minyengetero yenguva dzose yezuva nezuva iyo yakanga isina hwaro muMutemo.

“Zvinokosha zvikurukuru” zvakanga zviri “zvinhu zvitsva zvechiFarise pamusoro peSabata,” inodaro The Jewish Encyclopedia. Mukadzi aikarirwa kugamuchira Sabata kupfurikidza nokutungidza mwenje. Kana kukaratidzika kuti mumwe mubato ungatungamirira kubasa risiri rapamutemo, vaFarise vaiurambidza. Vakatosvika pakudzora kurapa ndokuratidzira kutsamwiswa nokurapa kunoshamisa kwaJesu paSabata. (Mateo 12:9-14; Johane 5:1-16) Zvisinei, ava vapinzi vezvinhu zvitsva vorudzidziso havana kurega kutanga gadziriro itsva mukuedza kuvaka ruzhowa, kana kuti rumhanda, nokuda kwedziviriro yemitemo yapaMagwaro.

Kubvisa

VaFarise vakataura kuva nechiremera chokumisa kwechinguvana kana kuti kubvisa mitemo yapaMagwaro. Kurangarira kwavo kunoratidzirwa muchirevo cheTalmud, chinoti: “Zviri nani kuti mutemo mumwe ubviswe pane kuti Torah yose ikanganwikwe.” Muenzaniso wakanga uri kusapfuuridzirwa kweJubheri nemhaka yokutya kurasikirwa nokutaura kwake sezvo nhambo iyoyo yaisvika, hapana aizokweretesa murombo.—Revhitiko, ganhuro 25.

Mimwe mienzaniso kubviswa kwokutongwa kwomukadzi aifungidzirwa kuva akaita upombwe uye muchiitiko chokuponda kusingazivikanwi, kumiswa kwechinguvana kwomuitiro weyananiso. (Numeri 5:11-31; Dheuteronomio 21:1-9) Nokukurumidza vaFarise vaizobvisa chinodikanwa chapaMagwaro chokugovera vabereki vomunhu vanoshayiwa.—Eksodho 20:12; Mateo 15:3-6.

Jesu akanyevera, kuti: “Chenjerai mbiriso yavaFarise, ndiko kunyengera.” (Ruka 12:1) ChiFarise, nezvimiro zvacho zvendangariro zvisati zviri zvoubati ushe hwaMwari, zvakanga zviri chaizvoizvo zvokunyengera—chaizvoizvo chimwe chinhu chisingafaniri kupinzwa muungano yechiKristu. Kunyanguvezvo, mabhuku enongedzero echiJudha anoratidzira vaFarise nenzira yakanaka zvikuru kupfuura zvaanoita vaSadhuse. Zvino ngatirangarirei iri boka rine mwero zvikuru.

VaSadhuse

Zita rokuti vaSadhuse rakatorwa sezvinobvira kubva kuna Zadhoki, muprista mukuru mumazuva aSoromoni. (1 Madzimambo 2:35, NW, mashoko omuzasi) VaSadhuse vakaumba boka rine mwero raimirira fariro dzetembere nouprista. Kusafanana navaFarise, avo vaitaura kuva nechiremera kupfurikidza nokudzidza noutsvene, vaSadhuse vaivakira ropafadzo yavo pamutsara wedzinza nenzvimbo. Vaishora zvinhu zvitsva zvechiFarise kutozosvikira pakuparadzwa kwetembere muna 70 C.E.

Mukuwedzera kukuramba kufanosarudzirwa, vaSadhuse vairamba kugamuchira dzidziso ipi neipi isina kududzwa zvakajeka muPentateuch, kunyange kana yakanga yakataurwa pane imwe nzvimbowo zvayo muShoko raMwari. Kutaura idi, va“ikurangarira kuva runako kupokana” idzi nhau. (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Ikoku kunoyeuchidza nezvenhambo apo vaidenha Jesu pamusoro porumuko.

Vachishandisa muenzaniso wechirikadzi yavarume vanomwe, vaSadhuse vakabvunza, kuti: “Pakumuka kwavakafa, uchava mukadzi wa[a]niko?” Chokwadika, chirikadzi yavo iyoyo yokufungidzira ingagonawo kuve yakanga yava navarume 14 kana kuti 21. Jesu akatsanangura, kuti: “Pakumuka kwavakafa havawani, kana kuwaniswa.”—Mateo 22:23-30.

Achiziva nezvokuramba kwavaSadhuse vanyori vakafuridzirwa kunze kwaMosesi, Jesu akabvumikisa pfundo Rake kupfurikidza nokunokora mashoko kubva muPentateuch. Akati: “Kana kuri kumutswa kwavakafa, hamuna kurava here pabhuku yaMosesi pashoko regwenzi, kuti Mwari wakataura naye, akati: Ndini Mwari waAbrahama, naMwari waIsaka, naMwari waJakobho? Haazi Mwari wavakafa, asi wavapenyu.”—Marko 12:26, 27.

Vatambudzi vaJesu Navateveri Vake

VaSadhuse vaidavira kushandisa unyanzvi hwokushandisa zvinhu zvenyika mukubata namamwe marudzi panzvimbo pokumirira Mesiya—kana vaitongadavira kuuya kwake. Muchibvumirano neRoma, vaifanira kutarisira tembere uye vaisada Mesiya upi noupi kuti avepo, achidzongonyedza zvinhu. Vachirangarira Jesu setyisidziro kunzvimbo yavo, vakashanda pamwe chete navaFarise kurangana rufu rwake.—Mateo 26:59-66; Johane 11:45-50.

Vachiva vanodisa zvamatongerwe enyika, vaSadhuse nenzira ine mufungo vakaita kuti ruvimbiko kuRoma ruve nhau huru ndokudanidzira vachiti: “Hatina mambo, asi Kesari chete.” (Johane 19:6, 12-15) Pashure porufu norumuko zvaJesu, vakanga vari vaSadhuse vakatungamirira mukuedza kumisa kupararira kwechiKristu. (Mabasa 4:1-23; 5:17-42; 9:14) Pashure poruparadziko rwetembere muna 70 C.E., iri boka rakaguma kuvapo.

Dikanwo Yokuramba Takarinda

Nyevero yaJesu yakabvumikisa kuva yakakodzera sei! Hungu, tinofanira ku“ngwarira mbiriso yavaFarise naSadhuse.” Munhu anofanira bedzi kucherechedza zvibereko zvayo zvakashata muzvose zviri zviviri chiJudha nechiKristudhomu nhasi.

Mumhesano huru, zvisinei, vakuru vakakwaniriswa vechiKristu muungano dzinopfuura 75 500 dzeZvapupu zvaJehovha kupota nyika ‘vanozvingwarira vamene nokudzidzisa kwavo.’ (1 Timotio 4:16) Vanogamuchira Bhaibheri rose serakafuridzirwa naMwari. (2 Timotio 3:16) Panzvimbo pokuva vanopinza zvinhu zvitsva ndokusimudzira miitiro yavo vamene yorudzidziso, vanoshanda vakabatana munhungamiro yesangano rakavakirwa paBhaibheri iro rinoshandisa magazini ino sechishandiswa charo chikuru chomurayiridzo.—Mateo 24:45-47.

Ndoupi uri mugumisiro wacho? Mamiriyoni avanhu kupota nyika ari kusimudzirwa mumudzimu sezvaanosvika pakunzwisisa Bhaibheri, kurishandisa muupenyu hwavo, uye kuridzidzisa vamwe. Kuti uone kuti ikoku kuri kuitwa sei, wadii kushanyira ungano iri pedyosa yeZvapupu zvaJehovha kana kuti kunyorera vabudisi veiyi magazini?

[Bhokisi riri papeji 26]

JESU AKARANGARIRA VATEERERI VAKE

JESU KRISTU akadzidzisa nokujekesa, achirangarira pfungwa dzavateereri vake. Somuenzaniso, akaita kudaro apo akataura kumuFarise Nikodhimo pamusoro penhau yo“kuberekwa”zve. Nikodhimo akabvunza, kuti: “Munhu ungagoberekwa seiko ava mukuru? Ungapindazve mudumbu ramai vake rwechipiri, akaberekwa here?” (Johane 3:1-5) Neiko Nikodhimo akakatyamadzwa kwazvo, sezvo vaFarise vaidavira kuti kuberekwazve kwakanga kuri madikanwa nokuda kwavaitendeukira kuchiJudha, uye chirevo chavanarabhi chaifananidza vapuroserite no“rusvava”?

A Commentary on the New Testament From the Talmud and Hebraica, rakanyorwa naJohn Lightfoot, rinopa nzwisiso inotevera: “Murangariro wavose wavaJudha pamusoro pechikwaniriso chomuIsraeri . . . uchakanamatira mundangariro mouyu muFarise” uyo asingagoni “kubvisa fungira mano yakaipa yake yokutanga . . . : ‘Nepo vaIsraeri . . . vane kodzero yokubvumidzwa kupinda muumambo hwaMesiya, naizvozvo unoreva here kuti nouku kutaura kwako, kuti kuri madikanwa kuti upi noupi apinde kwenguva yechipiri mudumbu ramai wake, kuti agova muIsraeri patsva?’”—Enzanisa naMateo 3:9.

Nepo akanga achibvuma kuberekwa kutsva kwavapuroserite, Nikodhimo aizorangarira muitiro wakadaro sousingabvirire vaJudha vokunyama—kupindazve mudumbu sokunge zvakadaro.

Pane imwe nhambo, vakawanda vakagumburwa apo Jesu akataura nezvo‘kudya nyama yake nokunwa ropa rake.’ (Johane 6:48-55) Zvisinei, Lightfoot anoonesa kuti “hapana chinhu chakanga chiri chavose zvikuru muzvikoro zvavaJudha kupfuura zvitsama zvamashoko zvo‘kudya nokunwa’ mupfungwa yokufananidzira.” Akataurawo kuti Talmud yaidudza “kudya Mesiya.”

Naizvozvo kwakanga kuri kuti mirangariro yavaFarise navaSadhuse yakanga ine tapuro huru pakufunga kwechiJudha kwezana ramakore rokutanga. Nenzira yakakodzera, zvisinei, Jesu nguva dzose airangarira zivo noruzivo rwokuzviwanira zvavateereri vake. Ichochi chakanga chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvakamuita Mudzidzisi Mukuru.