Maguta Outiziro—Gadziriro yaMwari Yengoni
“Maguta iwayo matanhatu anofanira kuva utiziro . . . kuti mumwe nomumwe wakauraya munhu, asina kuita nohwoni, atizire ikoko.—NUMERI 35:15.
1. Chii chiri murangariro waMwari woupenyu nemhaka yeropa?
JEHOVHA MWARI anorangarira upenyu hwomunhu kuva hunoera. Uye upenyu huri muropa. (Revhitiko 17:11, 14) Kaini, munhu wokutanga kuberekwa pasi pano, naizvozvo akava nemhaka yeropa apo akauraya munun’una wake Abheri. Somugumisiro, Mwari akaudza Kaini, kuti: “Ropa romunun’una wako rinodanidzira kwandiri panyika.” Ropa rakasvibisa nyika panzvimbo yokupondera rakapa chipupuriro chakanyarara, kunyange zvakadaro chakajeka, kuupenyu hwakanga hwagurwa nenzira youtsinye. Ropa raAbheri rakadanidzira kuna Mwari kuti ritsiviwe.—Genesi 4:4-11.
2. Kuremekedza upenyu kwaJehovha kwakasimbiswa sei pashure paMafashamo?
2 Kuremekedza kwaMwari upenyu hwomunhu kwakasimbiswa pashure pokunge Noa akarurama nemhuri yake vabuda muareka savapukunyuki veMafashamo enyika yose. Panguva iyeyo Jehovha akawedzera zvokudya zverudzi rwomunhu kuti zvibatanidze nyama yemhuka asi kwete ropa. Akarayirawo, kuti: “Ropa renyu, roupenyu hwenyu, ndicharitsvaka; ndicharitsvaka pazvipenyu zvose, ndichatsvaka upenyu hwomunhu paruoko rwomunhu naparuoko rwehama yomunhu. Aninani unoteura ropa romunhu, ropa rake richateurwawo nomunhu; nokuti Mwari wakaita munhu nomufananidzo wake.” (Genesi 9:5, 6) Jehovha akaziva kodzero yehama yokunyama yapedyosa yanyajambwa kuti iuraye akauraya munhu paaisangana naye.—Numeri 35:19.
3. Isimbisoi yakaiswa pakuera kwoupenyu noMutemo waMosesi?
3 MuMutemo wakapiwa kuvaIsraeri kupfurikidza nomuporofita Mosesi, kuera kwoupenyu kwakasimbiswa kwasimbiswazve. Somuenzaniso, Mwari akarayira, kuti: “Usauraya.” (Eksodho 20:13) Kuremekedza upenyu kwakanga kwakajekawo mune izvo Mutemo waMosesi wakataura pamusoro petsaona inoparira rufu inobatanidza mudzimai ane pamuviri. Mutemo wakajekesa kuti kana iye kana kuti mwana wake asati aberekwa akatambura tsaona inoparira rufu somugumisiro werwisano pakati pavarume vaviri, vatongi vaifanira kutema mamiriro ezvinhu nemwero wamaune, asi chirango chaigona kuva “mweya nokuda kwemweya,” kana kuti upenyu nokuda kwoupenyu. (Eksodho 21:22-25, NW) Zvisinei, mhondi yechiIsraeri yaigona nenzira yakati kupukunyuka migumisiro yechiito chayo chamasimba masimba here?
Nzvimbo Yechengeteko Yemhondi Here?
4. Kunze kweIsraeri, inzvimboi dzechengeteko dzaivako munguva dzekare?
4 Mune mamwe marudzi kunze kwaIsraeri, nzvimbo yedziviriro, kana kuti nzvimbo yechengeteko, yaipiwa kumhondi namamwe matsotsi. Ndozvakwaiva panzvimbo dzakadai setembere yamwarikadzi Artemis muEfeso yekare. Nezvenzvimbo dzakafanana, kunoshumwa, kuti: “Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoera dzaiita kuti matsotsi awedzere uye kwaiwanzova kuri madikanwa kuganhurira nhamba yenzvimbo dzechengeteko. MuAtene dzimwe nzvimbo dzedziviriro dzakati bedzi ndidzo dzaizivikanwa pamutemo sedzoutiziro (somuenzaniso, tembere yaTheseus yavaranda); munguva dzaTibherio ungano dzamatsotsi dzaiva munzvimbo dzinoera dzakanga dzava dzine ngozi kwazvo zvokuti kodzero yokuchengetwa yakanga yakaganhurirwa kumaguta mashomanene (mugore ra22).” (The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1909, Vhoriyamu II, peji 256) Gare gare, chechi dzechiKristudhomu dzakava nzvimbo dzechengeteko, asi ikoku kwakakombamira kuchinjira simba kubva kuzviremera zvehurumende kuenda kuuprista ndokushanda kurwisana nokutarisirwa kwakanaka kweruramisiro. Tsika dzakashata pakupedzisira dzakatungamirira kukurambidzwa kweiyi gadziriro.
5. Ufakazii huripo hwokuti Mutemo waisabvumira kuregeredza sepembedzo nokuda kwokunzwirwa ngoni apo mumwe munhu ainge aurawa?
5 Pakati pavaIsraeri, mhondi dzamaune dzakanga dzisingagoverwi nzvimbo yedziviriro kana kuti yechengeteko. Kunyange muprista wechiRevhi aibatira patembere yaMwari aifanira kutakurwa kunourawa nokuda kwokuponda kwamanomano. (Eksodho 21:12-14) Uyezve, Mutemo waisabvumira kuregeredza sepembedzo nokuda kwokunzwirwa ngoni apo mumwe munhu ainge aurawa. Somuenzaniso, munhu aifanira kuita rumhanda nokuda kwedenga rakati sandara remba yake itsva. Nezvisizvo, mhosva yeropa yaizouya paimba yacho kudai mumwe munhu aizodonha padenga ndokufa. (Dheuteronomio 22:8) Kupfuurirazve, kana muridzi wenzombe yaiva nomuitiro wokutunga akanga anyeverwa asi akasachengeta mhuka yacho yakachengetwa uye ikauraya mumwe munhu, muridzi wenzombe aiva nemhaka yeropa uye aigona kuurawa. (Eksodho 21:28-32) Chinobvumikisazve kurangarira kwaMwari kwakakwirira upenyu chakajeka mukuti upi noupi airova mbavha zvokuuraya aiva nemhaka yeropa kana ikoku kwaiitika masikati apo muvhozhokeri aigona kuonekwa ndokuzivikanwa. (Eksodho 22:2, 3) Nenzira yakajeka, ipapoka, mirayiro yaMwari yakadzikamiswa zvakakwana haina kubvumira mhondi dzamaune kupukunyuka chirango chorufu.
6. Mutemo wo‘upenyu nokuda kwoupenyu’ waiitwa sei muna Israeri?
6 Kana kuponda kwainge kwaitwa muna Israeri wekare, ropa ranyajambwa raifanira kutsiviwa. Mutemo wo‘upenyu nokuda kwoupenyu’ waigutswa apo mhondi yacho yaiurawa no“mutsivi weropa.” (Numeri 35:19) Mutsivi akanga ari munhurume ari hama yokunyama yapedyosa yomunhu akaurawa. Asi zvakadini navaive vasina kuuraya munhu namaune?
Gadziriro yaJehovha Yengoni
7. Igadziriroi iyo Mwari akaita nokuda kwaavo vaiuraya munhu nenzira isiri yamaune?
7 Nokuda kweavo vaiuraya mumwe munhu netsaona kana kuti kwete namaune, Mwari nenzira yerudo akagovera maguta outiziro. Nezvaivava, Mosesi akaudzwa, kuti: “Taura navana vaIsraeri, uti kwavari: Kana mayambuka Joridhani, mukapinda munyika yeKanani, munofanira kuzvisanangurira maguta, ave maguta outiziro kwamuri; kuti muurayi, unouraya munhu asingaiti nohwoni atizire ikoko. Maguta iwayo anofanira kuva kwamuri utiziro pamutsivi, kuti muurayi arege kufa, asina kumbotongwa pamberi peungano. Maguta amunovapa, anofanira kuva kwamuri maguta matanhatu outiziro. Munofanira kuvapa maguta matatu mhiri kwaJoridhani, namamwe maguta matatu munofanira kuvapa munyika yeKanani; ndiwo anofanira kuva maguta outiziro . . . kuti mumwe nomumwe wakauraya munhu, asina kuita nohwoni, atizire ikoko.”—Numeri 35:9-15.
8. Maguta outiziro aiwanika kupi, uye vasina kuuraya munhu namaune vaibetserwa sei kuasvika?
8 Apo vaIsraeri vakapinda muNyika Yakapikirwa, nenzira yokuteerera vakagadza maguta matanhatu outiziro. Matatu emaguta iwaya—Kedheshi, Shekemi, uye Hebroni—aiva kumadokero kweRwizi rwaJoridhani. Kumabvazuva kwaJoridhani kwaiva namaguta outiziro eGorani, Ramoti, uye Bhezeri. Maguta matanhatu outiziro aiwanikwa nenzira iri nyore pamigwagwa yaichengetwa yakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Panzvimbo dzakafanira mumigwagwa iyoyi, paiva nezviratidzo zvaiva neshoko rokuti “utiziro.” Izvi zviratidzo zvainongedzera nzira yokuguta routiziro, uye asina kuuraya munhu namaune aitiza nokuda kwoupenyu hwake kuraiva pedyo zvikurusa. Ikoko aigona kuwana dziviriro kubva pamutsivi weropa.—Joshua 20:2-9.
9. Neiko Jehovha akagovera maguta outiziro, uye akagoverwa nokuda kwokubetserwa kwavanaani?
9 Neiko Mwari akagovera maguta outiziro? Iwo akagoverwa kuitira kuti nyika isazosvibiswa neropa risina mhaka uye mhaka yeropa yaisazova pavanhu. (Dheuteronomio 19:10) Maguta outiziro akagoverwa nokuda kwokubetserwa kwavanaani? Mutemo wakati: “Maguta iwayo matanhatu anofanira kuva utiziro kuvana vaIsraeri, nokumweni, nokumutorwa ugere pakati pavo; kuti mumwe nomumwe wakauraya munhu, asina kuita nohwoni, atizire ikoko.” (Numeri 35:15) Nokudaro, kuti asasarure uye kuti abatire chinangwa cheruramisiro nepo achibvumira ngoni, Jehovha akaudza vaIsraeri kutsaura maguta outiziro nokuda kwavasina kuuraya munhu namaune avo vaiva (1) vagari vomuIsraeri, (2) vagari vokumwe vaigara muIsraeri, kana kuti (3) vagari vakabva kune dzimwe nyika avo vakanga vachigara munyika yacho.
10. Neiko kuchigona kutaurwa kuti maguta outiziro aiva gadziriro yengoni yakaitwa naMwari?
10 Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti kunyange kana munhu akanga ari asina kuuraya munhu namaune, aifanira kuurawa mukurayira kwaMwari, kwokuti: “Aninani unoteura ropa romunhu, ropa rake richateurwawo nomunhu.” Nokudaro, kwakanga kuri bedzi kupfurikidza negadziriro yengoni yaJehovha Mwari kuti asina kuuraya munhu namaune aigona kutizira kurimwe ramaguta outiziro. Sezviri pachena, vanhuwo zvavo vakanzwira tsitsi upi noupi aitiza mutsivi weropa, nokuti vose zvavo vaiziva kuti vaigona kuita mhaka yakafanana nenzira isiri yamaune ndokuda utiziro nengoni.
Kumhanyira Kuutiziro
11. Muna Israeri wekare, mumwe munhu aigona kuitei kudai aiuraya mushandi biyake netsaona?
11 Muenzaniso ungasanowedzera kunzwisisa kwako gadziriro yengoni yaMwari nokuda kwoutiziro. Chimbofungidzira kuti wakanga uri mumwe murume akanga achitema huni muna Israeri wekare. Ngatitii demo kamwe kamwe rakavhomhoka pamupinyi waro ndokutema zvinouraya mushandibiyako. Waizoitei? Eya, Mutemo waifukidza mamiriro ezvinhu akadai chaiwo. Pasina panikiro, waizoshandisa iyi gadziriro yakapiwa naMwari: “Ndiwo murayiro womuurayi unotizira ikoko [kuguta routiziro] akazorarama: Munhu upi noupi unouraya wokwake, nokusaziva, asina kumuvenga kare; somunhu unoti kana achienda nowokwake kudondo kundotema huni, akasimudza ruoko rwake kuti ateme muti nesanhu, dare ndokuvhomoka pamupinyi, ndokutema wokwake akafa; iye unofanira kutizira kune rimwe ramaguta awa, ararame.” (Dheuteronomio 19:4, 5) Bva, kunyange kana waisvika kuguta routiziro, hausati waizosununguka pamutoro wose wechakanga chaitika.
12. Muitiroi waiteverwa pashure pokunge asina kuuraya munhu namaune asvika kuguta routiziro?
12 Kunyange zvazvo waigamuchirwa zvakanaka, waifanira kutaura mhosva yako kuvakuru vaiva pasuo reguta routiziro. Pashure pokupinda muguta, waizodzorerwa kuti utongwe navakuru vaimirira ungano yaIsraeri pamasuo eguta rinodzora nharaunda iyo kuuraya kwakaitika. Ikoko waizova nomukana wokubvumikisa kuva kwako asina mhaka.
Apo Vaurayi Vomunhu Vakanga Vachitongwa
13, 14. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu izvo vakuru vaida kunzvera mukati mokutongwa kweakauraya munhu?
13 Mukati mokutongwa pamberi pavakuru pasuo reguta rinodzora, pasina kupanikira waizocherekedza nokuonga kuti simbisiro huru yaiiswa pamufambiro wako wekare. Vakuru vaisanorangarira ukama hwako nanyajambwa. Munhu wacho waimuvenga, wakamuvandira, ndokumuuraya namaune here? Kana zvakadaro, vakuru vaifanira kukuisa kumutsivi weropa, uye waizofa. Ava varume vaiva nomutoro vaiziva zvinodikanwa zvoMutemo kuti ‘mhaka yeropa risina mhaka ibviswe muna Israeri.’ (Dheuteronomio 19:11-13) Nenzira yakaenzana, muchiito chokutonga nhasi, vakuru vechiKristu vanofanira kusanoziva Magwaro, vachiita mutsinhirano nawo nepo vachirangarira chimiro chendangariro nomufambiro zvomunguva yakapfuura zvomuiti wechakaipa.
14 Vachisanonzvera nomutsa, vakuru veguta vaida kuziva kana wakavandira nyajambwa. (Eksodho 21:12, 13) Wakamurwisa uri panzvimbo yokuvanda here? (Dheuteronomio 27:24) Wakanga wakashatirirwa munhu wacho kwazvo zvokuti wakatsvaka zano ramanomano rokumuuraya here? Kana zvakadaro, waizova akafanirwa norufu. (Eksodho 21:14) Zvikurukuru vakuru vaida kuziva kana pakanga pava pane ruvengo, kana kuti kuvenga, pakati pako nanyajambwa. (Dheuteronomio 19:4, 6, 7; Joshua 20:5) Ngatitii vakuru vaikuwana usina mhaka ndokukudzorera kuguta routiziro. Waizova anoonga sei nokuda kwengoni dzainge dzaratidzwa!
Upenyu Muguta Routiziro
15. Ndizvinodikanwai zvaiiswa pane asina kuuraya munhu namaune?
15 Asina kuuraya munhu namaune aifanira kuramba ari muguta routiziro kana kuti ari mukati namakubiti 1 000 (anenge mafiti 1 450) kunze kwemasvingo aro. (Numeri 35:2-4) Kudai aifamba famba kupfuura nzvimbo iyoyo, aigona kusangana nomutsivi weropa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mutsivi aigona norusununguko kuuraya akauraya munhu. Asi muurayi wemunhu aisaiswa simbi kana kuti kuiswa mutorongo. Somugari wemuguta routiziro, aifanira kudzidza basa, kuva mushandi, ndokubatira somutezo unobetsera wenzanga.
16. (a) Asina kuuraya munhu namaune aifanira kurambira muguta routiziro kwenguva yakareba zvakadini? (b) Neiko rufu rwomuprista mukuru rwaikuita kuti kubvirire asina kuuraya munhu namaune kubuda muguta routiziro?
16 Asina kuuraya munhu namaune aifanira kuramba ari muguta routiziro kwenguva yakareba zvakadini? Sezvinobvira kwoupenyu hwake hwose. Sezvineiwo, Mutemo waiti: “Aifanira kugara muguta rake routiziro kusvikira muprista mukuru afa; asi kana muprista mukuru afa, muurayi unofanira kudzokera kunyika yake.” (Numeri 35:26-28) Neiko rufu rwomuprista mukuru rwaibvumira asina kuuraya munhu namaune kubuda muguta routiziro? Eya, muprista mukuru akanga ari mumwe wavanhu vakatanhamara zvikurusa murudzi. Rufu rwake naizvozvo rwaizova chiitiko chinocherekedzeka zvokuti kwaiva kunozivikanwa mumarudzi ose aIsraeri. Vapoteri vose vaiva mumaguta outiziro vaigona ipapo kudzokera kumisha yavo vakasununguka pangozi yamaoko avatsivi veropa. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti Mutemo waMwari wakanga warayira kuti mukana womutsivi wokuuraya muurayi womunhu waipera norufu rwomuprista mukuru, uye munhu ari wose aiziva ikoku. Kana hama yapedyosa yaizotsiva rufu rwacho pashure paikoko, yaizova mhondi uye yaizoripa pakarepo chirango chokuponda.
Tapuro Inogarisa
17. Ndeipi yaiva migumisiro inobvira yeganhuriro dzaiiswa pane asina kuuraya munhu namaune?
17 Sezvinobvira chii chaiva tapuro dzeganhuriro dzaiiswa pane asina kuuraya munhu namaune? Dzaiva zviyeuchidzo zvokuti akanga aparira rufu rwomumwe munhu. Sezvinobvira, pashure paikoko aizorangarira nguva dzose upenyu hwomunhu sohunoera. Uyezve, aisatongokanganwa kuti akanga abatwa nenzira yengoni. Zvaainge anzwirwa ngoni, zvirokwazvo aizodawo kunzwira vamwe ngoni. Gadziriro yamaguta outiziro neganhuriro dzawo yaibetserawo vanhu vose zvavo. Sei? Zvirokwazvo yaifanira kuva yakaroverera pavari kuti havafaniri kuva vasingangwariri kana kuti vasingaitiri hanya pamusoro poupenyu hwomunhu. VaKristu nenzira iyoyo vanofanira kuyeuchidzwa nezvedikanwo yokudzivisa kusangwarira uko kungaguma norufu rwetsaona. Ipapowo gadziriro yengoni yaMwari nokuda kwamaguta outiziro inofanira kutisunda kuratidzira ngoni apo kuita kudaro kwakakodzera.—Jakobho 2:13.
18. Gadziriro yaMwari yamaguta outiziro yaibetsera munzirai?
18 Gadziriro yaJehovha Mwari yamaguta outiziro yaibetserawo mudzimwe nzira. Vanhu havana kuumba mapoka mapoka anoranga mukuronda muurayi womunhu mukufungidzira kuva kwake ane mhaka asati atongwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, vaimurangarira seasina mhaka yokuponda namaune, vachitomubetsera kuenda kuchengeteko. Uyezve, gadziriro yamaguta outiziro yakanga iri musiyano chaiwo wegadziriro dziripo muzuva ranhasi dzokuisa mhondi mumajeri nemumatorongo, umo dzinotsigirwa nemari navanhuwo zvavo uye dzinowanzova matsotsi akaipa zvikuru nemhaka yesonganiro yadzo yapedyo navamwe vaiti vezvakaipa. Mugadziriro yeguta routiziro, kwakanga kusiri madikanwa kuvaka, kuchengeta, uye kurinda matorongo anodhura ane svingo, namasimbi anodzivira maari varimo vanowanzotsvaka kupukunyuka. Chaizvoizvo, muurayi womunhu aitsvaka “torongo” ndokugara imomo mukati menguva yakatarwa. Aifanirawo kuva mushandi, nokudaro ndokuita chimwe chinhu chokubetsera vanhu biyake.
19. Mibvunzoi inomutswa pamusoro pamaguta outiziro?
19 Gadziriro yaJehovha yamaguta outiziro aIsraeri nokuda kwokudzivirirwa kwavasina kuuraya munhu namaune, zvirokwazvo, yaiva yengoni. Iyi gadziriro zvirokwazvo yakasimudzira kuremekedza upenyu. Zvisinei, maguta outiziro ekare ane revo nokuda kwavanhu vari kurarama muzana ramakore rechi20 here? Tingagona kuva nemhaka yeropa pamberi paJehovha Mwari ndokusaziva kuti tinoda ngoni dzake here? Pane revo ipi neipi yomuzuva razvino uno nokuda kwedu iri mumaguta outiziro aIsraeri here?
Waizopindura Sei?
◻ Jehovha anorangarira sei upenyu hwomunhu?
◻ Mwari akaita gadziriroi yengoni nokuda kwavasina kuuraya munhu namaune?
◻ Akauraya munhu aisvika sei kuguta routiziro, uye aifanira kurambira ikoko kwenguva yakareba sei?
◻ Sezvinobvira chii chaiva migumisiro yeganhuriro dzaiiswa pane asina kuuraya munhu namaune?
[Mepu iri papeji 12]
Maguta outiziro eIsraeri aiva paisvikika zviri nyore
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
KEDHESHI Rwizi rwaJoridhani GORANI
SHEKEMI RAMOTI
HEBRONI BHEZERI