Pane Uchapupu Hwokuchera Matongo Hwokuvapo kwaJesu Here?

“UCHAPUPU Hwokuvapo kwaJesu Hwakanyorwa Padombo.” Rakazivisa kudaro butiro reBiblical Archaeology Review (November/December 2002). Butiro iroro raiva nomufananidzo webhokisi remapfupa omushakabvu rakagadzirwa nedombo relimestone, iro rakawanikwa muIsrael. Mabhokisi aya aishandiswa zvikuru nevaJudha munguva pfupi yepakati pezana remakore rokutanga B.C.E. na70 C.E. Chakaita kuti bhokisi iri rikoshe zvikuru aiva mashoko akanyorwa muchiAramaic pane rimwe divi raro. Nyanzvi dzakabvuma zvakanyorwa pariri zvakanzi: “Jakobho, mwanakomana waJosefa, munun’una waJesu.”

Maererano neBhaibheri, Jesu weNazareta aiva nomunun’una ainzi Jakobho uyo akanga achinzi mwanakomana waJosefa, murume waMariya. Jesu Kristu paaidzidzisa mutaundi yokumusha kwake, vateereri vakanga vashamiswa vakabvunza kuti: “Uyu haasi mwanakomana womuvezi here? Amai vake havanzi Mariya here, uye vanun’una vake Jakobho naJosefa naSimoni naJudhasi here? Uye hanzvadzi dzake, hadzisi nesu dzose here?”—Mateu 13:54-56; Ruka 4:22; Johani 6:42.

Chokwadi, mashoko akanyorwa pabhokisi racho anokodzera rondedzero yaJesu wokuNazareta. Kana Jakobho akataurwa mumashoko akanyorwa aiva munun’una waJesu Kristu, ipapo hwaizova “uchapupu hwekare zvikuru nezvaJesu hwezvokuchera matongo husiri hwomuBhaibheri,” anodaro André Lemaire, nyanzvi yezvinyorwa zvekare uye munyori wenyaya yataurwa pamusoro apa iri muBiblical Archaeology Review. Hershel Shanks, mupepeti wemagazini yacho, anoti bhokisi racho “ndechimwe chinhu chinobatika uye chinooneka chinodzoka shure kusvika panguva yomunhu mumwe chete anokosha zvikuru ati ambofamba pasi pano.”

Zvisinei, mazita ose ari matatu anoverengeka pabhokisi rakanyorwa iri aizivikanwa chaizvo muzana remakore rokutanga. Saka zvingangoita kuti paiva nemhuri ine nhengo dzaisanganisira Jakobho, Josefa, naJesu kunze kwemhuri yaJesu Kristu. Lemaire anofungidzira kuti: “MuJerusarema munguva yezvizvarwa zviviri 70 C.E. asati asvika, maiva . . . zvichida nevanhu vanenge 20 vaigona kunzi ‘Jakobho mwanakomana waJosefa munun’una waJesu.’” Kunyange zvakadaro, anofunga kuti pane mukana we90 muzana wokuti Jakobho ari pabhokisi racho aiva munun’una waJesu Kristu.

Pane chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti vamwe vadavire kuti Jakobho ari mumashoko akanyorwa aiva munun’una waJesu Kristu. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvakakurumbira kutaura baba vomushakabvu mumashoko akadaro akanyorwa, zvakanga zvisingawanzoitiki kutaura mukoma wake. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti Jesu uyu aifanira kuva mumwe munhu anokosha, zvichiita kuti dzifunge kuti aiva Jesu Kristu, muvambi wechiKristu.

Bhokisi Remapfupa Omushakabvu Nderechokwadi Here?

Bhokisi remapfupa omushakabvu chii? Ndimo maiiswa mapfupa omushakabvu kana mutumbi waparara muninga yaivigwa vanhu vakafa. Mabhokisi akawanda aibiwa kumakuva akanga akapoteredza Jerusarema. Bhokisi rakanga rakanyorwa zita raJakobho rakaonekwa mumusika waitengeswa zvinhu zvekare, kwete panzvimbo inocherwa matongo zviri pamutemo. Muridzi webhokisi racho anonzi akaritenga nemazana mashomanana emadhora kuma1970. Saka, hazvinzwisisiki kuti bhokisi iri rakabva kupi. “Kana usingakwanisi kutaura kwakawanikwa bhokisi uye kwaraiva kwemakore anoda kusvika 2 000, haungagoni kuziva kubatana kwakaita bhokisi racho nevanhu varingataura nezvavo,” anodaro Purofesa Bruce Chilton weBard College, New York.

Sezvo pakanga pasina chokwadi chokuti bhokisi iri rakacherwa mumatongo, André Lemaire akaritumira kuGeological Survey yeIsrael. Vanotsvakurudza ruzivo veikoko vakaona kuti bhokisi racho rakanga rakagadzirwa nelimestone yomuzana remakore rokutanga kana kuti rechipiri C.E. Vakashuma kuti “havana kumbowana chiratidzo chokushanda kweturusi remazuva ano kana kuti chishandiswa.” Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzeBhaibheri dzakabvunzurudzwa neThe New York Times dzakapa pfungwa yokuti “uchapupu hunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu hunotsigira kuti bhokisi racho rine chokuita naJesu hunenge hwakanga hwakasimba, asi kunyange zvakadaro hunongova uchapupu hunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.”

Magazini yeTime yakati “anenge munhu wose akadzidza wemazuva ano haarambi kuti Jesu akararama.” Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda vanofunga kuti panofanira kuva nohumwe uchapupu hwokuvapo kwaJesu kuwedzera kune huri muBhaibheri. Kuchera matongo ndiko kunofanira kuita kuti mumwe atende muna Jesu Kristu here? Uchapupu hupi hwatinahwo hunoratidza chokwadi chokuvapo kwo“munhu mumwe chete anokosha zvikuru ati ambofamba pasi pano”?

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 3]

Kuruboshwe, Bhokisi Remapfupa Omushakabvu raJakobho: AFP PHOTO/J.P. Moczulski; kurudyi, mashoko akanyorwapo: AFP PHOTO/HO