Ungasarudza sei Shanduro yeBhaibheri Yakanaka?

PAKUTANGA Bhaibheri rakanyorwa mumitauro yekare yechiHebheru, chiAramaiki, uye chiGiriki. Saka vanhu vakawanda vanoda kuriverenga vanofanira kuverenga Bhaibheri rakashandurwa.

Mazuva ano, Bhaibheri ndiro bhuku rakashandurwa kupfuura mamwe ose, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvaro zvinowanikwa mumitauro 2 400. Mimwe mitauro ine shanduro dzakawanda. Kana mumutauro wako muine shanduro dzakawanda, chokwadi unoda kuverenga shanduro yakanaka kupfuura dzose yaungawana.

Kuti usarudze nokuchenjera, unofanira kuziva mhinduro dzemibvunzo inotevera: Ishanduro dzipi dziripo? Shanduro imwe neimwe yakanakirei uye yakaipirei? Nei uchifanira kungwarira paunenge uchiverenga dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri?

Mhando Dzokushandura

Shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzakawanda uye dzakasiyana-siyana, asi dzose dzinogona kuiswa mumhando nhatu. Imwe yacho ndeyokuti shanduro iyi inenge iine mutauro wokutanga pamwe chete neshanduro yeshoko rimwe nerimwe.

Imwe mhando ndeyokududzira. Vashanduri vakadai vanodudzira vakasununguka mashoko eBhaibheri maererano nokunzwisisa kwavo, nenzira yavanofunga kuti ichanakidza vaverengi vavo.

Mhando yechitatu ndeyokuedza kushandisa mhando mbiri dzataurwa pamusoro apa pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Shanduro dzemaBhaibheri akadai dzinobudisa pfungwa uye mataurirwo aiitwa mutauro wacho wepakutanga ukuwo dziri nyore kuverenga.

Shanduro Yeshoko Neshoko Ndiyo Shasha Here?

Kuomerera kushanduro yeshoko neshoko hakunyatsobudisi pfungwa iri mundima imwe neimwe iri muBhaibheri. Nei? Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda. Zviviri zvacho ndeizvi:

1. Hapana mitauro miviri yakafanana girama, mashoko uye maumbirwo emitsetse. Purofesa wechiHebheru anonzi S. R. Driver anoti mitauro “haingosiyani girama uye mashoko, asiwo . . . marongerwo anoitwa pfungwa mumutsetse.” Vanhu vanotaura mitauro yakasiyana vanofungawo zvakasiyana. Purofesa Driver anopfuurira kuti, “Saka marongerwo anenge akaita mitsetse anosiyana zvichienderana nomutauro wacho.”

Sezvo pasina mutauro une mashoko uye girama zvakanyatsofanana nezvechiHebheru uye chiGiriki chomuBhaibheri, kushandura Bhaibheri shoko neshoko kunenge kusina kujeka kana kuti kunogona kupa pfungwa isiri iyo. Ona mienzaniso inotevera.

Mutsamba yaakanyorera vaEfeso, muapostora Pauro akashandisa mashoko anoreva kuti “mudhaisi revarume,” kana tikashandura shoko neshoko. (VaEfeso 4:14, The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures)a Mashoko aya anoreva tsika yokubiridzira vamwe uchishandisa dhaisi. Zvisinei mumitauro yakawanda kushandura shoko neshoko pachibuda pfungwa yokubiridzira nedhaisi hakuna zvakunoreva. Asi kana tikashandura mashoko aya tichiti “nounyengeri hwevanhu,” pfungwa yacho inobuda pachena.

Paainyorera vaRoma, Pauro akashandisa mashoko echiGiriki anoreva kuti “kumweya unovira.” (VaRoma 12:11, Kingdom Interlinear) Mashoko aya ane zvaanoreva here mururimi rwaamai? Pauro aireva kuti “pisai nomudzimu.”

Paaiita imwe yemharidzo dzake dzakakurumbira, Jesu akashandisa mashoko anowanzoshandurwa achinzi: “Vakakomborerwa varombo pamweya.” (Mateu 5:3) Asi kana mashoko aya akaita zvokushandurwa shoko neshoko, pfungwa yacho haibudi zvakanaka. Pane dzimwe nguva kuomerera kushandura shoko neshoko kunorevawo kuti “varombo pamweya” ava vane dzisina kukwana uye havana simba nechido. Zvisinei, apa Jesu akanga ari kudzidzisa vanhu kuti kuziva kuti vanofanira kutungamirirwa naMwari ndiko kunoita kuti vafare, kwete kugutsa zvavanoda ivo. (Ruka 6:20) Saka kushandurwa kwemashoko akadai sokuti “vaya vanoziva zvinodiwa zvavo zvomudzimu” kana kuti “vanoziva kuti ivo varombo mumweya” kunonyatsobudisa zvinorehwa nemashoko aya.—Mateu 5:3; Bhaibheri Rinoera.

2. Zvinorehwa neshoko kana kuti mashoko zvingachinja zvichibva pakuti riri kushandiswa sei. Somuenzaniso, shoko rechiHebheru rinowanzoreva ruoko rwomunhu ringareva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvichienderana nepariri kushandiswa, shoko racho ringashandurwa richireva kuti “tonga,” “rupo,” kana kuti “simba.” (2 Samueri 8:3; 1 Madzimambo 10:13; Zvirevo 18:21) Kutaura zvazviri, shoko iri rakashandurwa ka40 zvakasiyana-siyana muShanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro Matsvene yeChirungu.

Mashandisirwo anoitwa shoko zvaanochinja mashandurirwo anoitwa shoko, Shanduro yeNyika Itsva inoshandisa mashoko anoda kusvika 16 000 eChirungu kushandura mashoko anenge 5 500 echiGiriki chomuBhaibheri uye inoshandisa mashoko anopfuura 27 000 eChirungu kushandura mashoko anenge 8 500 echiHebheru.b Nei mashoko aya achishandiswa zvakasiyana? Dare rokushandura rakasarudza kuti kushandura pfungwa yemashoko aya zvichienderana nepaari kushandiswa kunokosha kupfuura kushandura shoko neshoko. Kunyange zvakadaro, muShanduro yeNyika Itsva vakashandisa nepavaigona napo mashoko akafanana kushandura mashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki mumutauro waishandurirwa wacho.

Zviri pachena kuti kushandura Bhaibheri hakusi kungoshandura shoko romutauro wokutanga zvakafanana pose parinenge riri. Vashanduri vanofanira kusarudza nokuchenjera kuitira kuti vashandise mashoko anobudisa pfungwa dzomutauro wokutanga zvakarurama uye zvinonzwisisika. Uyezve, pakushandura vanofanira kuronga mashoko nemitsetse nenzira yokuti anoenderana nemitemo yegirama yomutauro uri kushandurwa.

Zvakadini Neshanduro Dzokududzira?

Vanoshandura maBhaibheri aya anowanzonzi akaita zvokududzirwa, vanoshandura zvavanoda zvinosiyana nemashoko omutauro wokutanga. Zvinoitika sei? Vanogona kupa pfungwa yavanofunga kuti ndiyo yairehwa kana kuti kusiya dzimwe pfungwa dzinenge dziri mumutauro uri kushandurwa. Shanduro dzokududzira dzingaita sedzakanaka nokuti dziri nyore kuverenga. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva pfungwa dzomutauro wokutanga dzingasajeka kana kutochinjwa nemhaka yemashandurirwo adzakaitwa.

Chimboona kuti rimwe Bhaibheri reshanduro yokududzira rinobudisa sei munyengetero wakakurumbira wokuenzanisira waJesu: “Baba vedu vari kudenga, zvizivisei kuti ndimi ani.” (Mateu 6:9, The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language) Asi shanduro yakarurama yemashoko aya aJesu inoti: “Baba vedu vari kumatenga, zita renyu ngaritsveneswe.” Onawo mashandurirwo akaitwa Johani 17:26 mune mamwe maBhaibheri. Maererano neimwe shanduro yokududzira, pausiku hwaakasungwa, Jesu akanyengetera kuna Baba vake achiti: “Ndakaita kuti vakuzivei.” (Today’s English Version) Asi shanduro yakavimbika yomunyengetero waJesu inoti: “Ndakavazivisa zita renyu.” Unoona here kuti vamwe vashanduri vanosiya sei pfungwa yokuti Mwari ane zita rinofanira kushandiswa uye kuremekedzwa?

Nei Zvichida Kungwarira?

Dzimwe shanduro dzokududzira hadzijekesi mitemo yetsika inotaurwa mumutauro wokutanga. Somuenzaniso, pana 1 VaKorinde 6:9, 10 imwe shanduro inonzi The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language inoti: “Hamuzivi here kuti aya haasi iwo mararamiro amunofanira kuita? Vanhu vasina kururama vasina hanya naMwari havazopindi muumambo hwake. Vanodzvinyirira uye vanoshungurudza vamwe, vanoita zvepabonde zvisiri pamutemo uye vanokanganisa nyika nezvose zviri mairi, havakodzeri kuva vagari vomuumambo hwaMwari.”

Enzanisa shanduro iyoyo neyakarurama iri muShanduro yeNyika Itsva inoti: “Chii! Hamuzivi here kuti vanhu vasina kururama havazogari nhaka youmambo hwaMwari? Musatsauswa. Zvifeve, kana vanonamata zvidhori, kana mhombwe, kana varume vanochengeterwa kuita zvinhu zvisiri zvomusikirwo, kana varume vanorara nevarume, kana mbavha, kana vanhu vanokara, kana zvidhakwa, kana vanotuka, kana makororo havazogari nhaka youmambo hwaMwari.” Ona kuti mashoko akajekeswa naPauro nezvemararamiro chaiwo atinofanira kudzivisa haana kana kumbotaurwa mushanduro yokududzira.

Zvinodavirwa nomushanduri zvine zvazvinoitawo pabasa rake. Somuenzaniso, shanduro inonzi Today’s English Version, inowanzonzi Good News Bible, inoti Jesu akati: “Pindai nepasuo rakamanikana, nokuti suo rokuhero rakafara uye mugwagwa unoenda ikoko uri nyore uye pane vakawanda vanofamba nawo.” (Mateu 7:13) Vashanduri vakaisa mashoko okuti “hero” kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo yaMateu ichinyatsoti “kuparadzwa.” Vakazviitirei? Zvimwe imhaka yokuti vanoda kutsigira pfungwa yokuti vakaipa vachatambudzwa nokusingaperi, kwete kuparadzwa.c

Mawaniro Aungaita Shanduro Yakanakisisa

Bhaibheri rakanyorwa mumitauro iri nyore, yaigara ichitaurwa nevanhu vasina kunyanya kukwirira vakadai sevarimi, vafudzi uye vabati vehove. (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; Mabasa 4:13) Saka, shanduro yakanaka yeBhaibheri inoita kuti pfungwa yacho inzwisiswe zviri nyore nomunhu anoverenga nomwoyo wose, pasinei nokuti ndiani. Shanduro yakanaka inosanganisirawo zvinotevera:

◗ Inonyatsobudisa pfungwa yepakutanga yakafuridzirwa naMwari.—2 Timoti 3:16.

◗ Inoshandura zvinorehwa nemashoko sezvaari kana marongerwo uye manyorerwo omutauro wokutanga achipa pfungwa yakafanana mururimi rwaamai.

◗ Kana kushandura shoko neshoko kuchizodzikatidza kana kupa pfungwa isiri iyo, shanduro yakanaka inobva yapa zvinonyatsorehwa neshoko kana mashoko.

◗ Inoshandisa mutauro wemazuva ose, uri nyore kunzwisisa zvichiita kuti vanhu vade kuverenga.

Pane shanduro yakadaro here? Vakawanda vanoverenga magazini ino vanofarira kushandisa Shanduro yeNyika Itsva. Nei? Nokuti vanobvumirana nenzira yakashandiswa nedare rayo rokushandura, sezvinotaurwa mumashoko okutanga eshanduro yokutanga yeChirungu kuti: “Hatishanduri Magwaro tichidudzira. Tinoedza kushandura sezvazviri, kana zvichibvira kushandisa madimikira eChirungu paanoita uye kushandura shoko neshoko kana pfungwa yomutauro wokutanga isingazovhiringidzwi.”

Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yakadhindwa mumitauro inopfuura 60 muzvikamu kana kuti yakazara, uye maBhaibheri anopfuura 145 000 000 akadhindwa! Kana Bhaibheri racho richiwanikwa mururimi rwaamai, wadii kukumbira Zvapupu zvaJehovha kuti uzvionere kunaka kwakaita shanduro iyi yakarurama?

Vanodzidza Bhaibheri nomwoyo wose vanoda kunzwisisa uye kutevedzera mashoko akafuridzirwa naMwari. Kana uri mumwe wavo, unofanira kushandisa shanduro yakarurama yeBhaibheri. Chokwadi, iyi ndiyo shanduro yaunofanira kushandisa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 21]

Shanduro dzokududzira dzingaita sedzakanaka nokuti dziri nyore kuverenga. Zvisinei, pfungwa dzomutauro wokutanga dzingasajeka kana kutochinjwa nemhaka yemashandurirwo adzakaitwa.

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 22]

Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro Matsvene yakadhindwa mumitauro inopfuura 60 muzvikamu kana kuti yakazara, uye maBhaibheri anopfuura 145 000 000 akadhindwa!

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo zviri papeji 20]

SHANDURO YEKARE YOKUDUDZIRA

Shanduro dzokududzira hadzina kutanga nhasi. Kare vaJudha vakaunganidza ndokupepeta shanduro dzokududzira Magwaro dzava kunzi Aramaic Targums. Kunyange zvazvo shanduro idzi dzisinganyatsobudisi pfungwa yepakutanga, dzinobudisa pachena manzwisisiro aiita vaJudha dzimwe ndima zvobatsira vashanduri kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nedzimwe ndima dzakaoma. Somuenzaniso, mashoko ari pana Jobho 38:7 okuti “vanakomana . . . vaMwari” anonzi anoreva kuti “mapoka engirozi.” Pana Genesisi 10:9, shanduro dzeTargums dzinoratidza kuti shoko rechiHebheru rakashandiswa kutsanangura Nimrodhi haringorevi kuti aiva “pamberi pa-” asi rine dudziro youtsinye yokuti “mupanduki” kana kuti “airwisana na-.” Shanduro dzokududzira idzi dzakashandiswawo pakushandura ndima dzeBhaibheri asi hadzina kumbonzi dzinofanira kutsiva Bhaibheri racho.

[Mufananidzo]

◗ CHIKAMU CHE“BIBLIA POLYGLOTTA,” RAWALTON RAKAPEDZWA MUNA 1657 JOBHO 38:1-15

Mashoko eBhaibheri rechiHebheru (ane Latin Interlinear Translation)

Mashoko anoenderana eAramaic Targum

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 19]

◗ CHIKAMU CHE“THE KINGDOM INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION OF THE GREEK SCRIPTURES,” VAEFESO 4:14

Kuruboshwe kunoratidza shanduro yeshoko neshoko. Kurudyi kune shanduro yezvazvinoreva

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 18]

Background: Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem